·VECTORS.

10
CHAPTER

• ·vector:
(i) A quantity which has both magnitude as well as direction is called a vector
(ii) Vector is a directed line segment.

(iii) The magnitude or modulus of a vector ~ (or d) is the length measured between A
and Band is denoted by I ~ I (or I -;1 I).
• Types of Vectors :
(i) Null¥ector or Zero Vector. A vector whose magnitude is zero is called null or zero
vector. In such vectors, the initial and terminal points coincide.
(ii) Unit Vector. A vector whose magnitude is unity is called a unit vector.
(iii) Equal Vector. Two vectors are said to be equal if they have
(a) the same length
(b) the same or parallel support
(c) the same sense (direction)
(iv) Like and Unlike Vectors. Two vectors are said to be like if they have the same
direction and unlike if they have opposite directions.
(v) Collinear Vectors. Two or more vectors are said to be collinear vectors if they are
parallel to the same straight line, irrespective of their magnitudes and directions.
(vi) Coplanar Vectors. Vectors are said to be coplanar when they lie in the same plane
or are parallel to the same plane.
(vii) Coinitial Vectors. All vectors having the same initial point are called co-initial vectors.
Thus, vectora QA,~' QC are co-initial as they have the same initial point 0.
(viii) Negative of a Vector. A vector b whose modulus is the same as that of a given
vector -;l, but whose direction is opposite to that of d is called the negative of d and
➔ ➔ ➔
is written as - a. Thus, b = - a•
• Addition of Vectors' :
Triangle Law of Addition : If two vectors are represented by the two sides of a triangle
taken in order, then their sum is represented by the third side of the triangle taken in the
0
PP<>site order.
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a 126 r ):;::,::.::.:~ :::t===:::,::::z::::1 MATH EMAT ICS EXAM BOOSTER-lXII1I

Paral lelogr am Law of Addit ion : If two vector s are repres ented along two
adjace nt sides
of a parall elogra m, then their sum is repres ented along the diago nal of the
parallelogram
havin g common vertex .
• Prope rties of vecto r addit ion :
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(i) a + b =b + a (ii) a + ( b + c ) =(a + b)+ c
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(iii) Ia + b I~ I a I+ I b I (iv) I a I- I b I~ I a - b I
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(v) a+O =O+ a=a (vi) a + (- a ) = (- a ) + a = 0
• Multi plicat ion of a Vecto r by a Scala r :
The scalar multip le of a vector ➔a by a scalar m is a vector m ➔
a such that
(i) the magni tude or length is given by Im d I = Im I I d 1- Thus,
the length of m d ism
times or - m times that of 1 accord ing as m is positiv e (inclu ding zero) or negative.
(ii) directi on of m dis the same as that of
m <0.
1, when m > 0 and opposite to that of 1, when
·(iii) its suppo rt is the same or parall el to that of d.
• Prope rties of Multi plicat ion of a Vecto r by a Scala r :
➔
(i') ma = ➔
am ..)
(u ➔➔
1.a =a=➔a.1
...) 0 ➔
(l.U ➔ ➔ ➔
• a = 0 = a .0
(iv) m(n a)= (mn) a
➔
(v) (m + n) a = m ➔ ➔
a +n a ➔ ➔ ➔
(vi) m ( a + b ) = m a + m b .
➔

• Sectio n Form ula :

➔ ➔
.
Let a and b be the position vector s of given points A and ➔➔ ➔➔
B i.e., OA = a and OB = b .
➔
Let r be the positio n vector of the point C which divide s AB intern ally
in the ratio
➔ ➔

m: n. Then ➔ mb+n
r = ---a -
m+n
Cor. 1. Mid-p oint formu la. If C is the mid-p oint of AB, then m = n and hence
the position
➔ ➔
vector of the mid-point of A and B is 1 = a +b .
2
➔
Cor. 2. IfC divides AB exter nally in the ratio m: n, then
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
➔ na -mb
mb -na
r =-- --= --- -
n-m m-n
-
• Compon ents of a Vector :
➔ ➔ I\
(i) In two dimensi ons : H OP is the position vector of a point P(x, y ), then OP= x i + Y jI\ •
/:- t:,. ➔ . 1
The vectors x i , y J are called the components of OP along x-axis and y-axis respective Y·
➔
(ii) In three dimensi ons : If OP is the position vector of a point P(x, y, z), then
::±. /\ /\ /\
OP = X i +yj +zk •
The vectors x /:-i , y J1:,. ande,.. ➔
z k. are called the componen ts of OP •
along x-axis, y-axis and z-
axis respective ly.
• Addition and Scalar Multipli cation of Vectors :
➔ I\ I\ I\ ➔ I\ I\ I\
For any vectors a = a 1 i + a 2 j + a3 k and b = b1 i + b2 j + b3 k,, we define
➔ ➔ I\ I\ I\
(i) a+ b =(a1 +b1 )i +(a2 +b2 )j+(a3 +b3 )k;
➔ ➔ . I\ I\ I\
(ii) a - b =(a1 -bi)i +(a2 -b2 )j+(a3 -b3 )k;
➔ I\ I\ I\
(iii) ).. a = ()..a1 ) i + ()..a2 ) j + ()..a3 )k; where).. is a scalar.
➔➔ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\
(iv) a = b <=> a 1 i + a 2 j + a 3 k = b1 i + b2 j + b3 k
<=> a 1 = bi, a 2 = b2 and a3 = b3 •
• Scalar or Dot Product of Two Vectors :
➔➔➔➔
(i) a . b =Ia I I b I cos 0 where I ➔ ➔
a I= a, I b I = b .
and 0(0 ~ 0 ~ 1t) 1s the angle between
➔ ➔
the vectors a and b .
.. ➔➔ . . ➔ ➔
(u) a. b = a (pr0Ject1on of b on a ) .
... ➔ /:,. /:,. I\ ➔ I>- /:,. I\ ➔➔
(ui) If a = a 1 i + a 2 J + a3 k and b = b1 i + b2 J + b3 k , then a . b = a 1b1 + a,j:1 2 + a3b 3 •
. ➔ ➔ . ➔➔
(w) Vector a and bare perpendic ular 1:ff a. b = 0.

• Properti es of Dot product :

(1) d.d = a 2 i.e., (ci)2 = a2
➔➔ ➔➔
(2) a.b=b .a
➔➔ ➔➔➔ ➔
(3) (m a ) . b = m ( a . b ) = a . (m. b )

(4) ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔➔ ➔➔
a.( b + c) = a. b + a. c .
(5) ➔➔ ➔➔ ➔➔ ➔~
a . b = O <=> a = u or b = u or a .1 o.
 ◄

E] 128
I
: ; : : : :· ::: : , : : : ::: . : ':::::: i] MATHEMATICS EXAM BOOSTER-lXDJ D
• Vector or Cross Product of Two Vectors :
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(i) The vector product of two vectors a and b is written as a x b and defined as the
➔➔ ➔➔ I\ ➔ ➔
vector a x b =I a 11 b I sine n, where I a I= a, I b I= band nI\ .
1s
.
a unit vector

perpendicular to both-;; andb such that 1, b, ~ are in right handed orientation and
e is the angle between cl and b (0 ~ e ~ n).

(ii) I ci x b I = ab sin e .

(iii) A unit vector perpendicular to the plane of 1 and b = ± ➔

a x
t
,1 x bl
➔ ➔
(iv) If 0 is the angle between ci and b , then sin e = I a x b I.
ab
I f a and b are two non-zero vectors, then a x b = ➔
() ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
v O if and only if a and b are
parallel or collinear.
➔ A,. /\ t,..• ➔ I\ I\ /\
(vi) If a = a 1 z. + a 2 j + a 3 k and b = b 1 i + b j + b k, then
2 3

,.
A.. A..
J i
➔ ➔
axb= al a2 aa
b1 b2 ba
(vii) Area of parallelogram with adjacent sides d and b = Id x -C I•
(viii) Area of parallelogram with diagonals d and b = ~ I d x -C I .
(i.x) Area of triangle with adjacent sides d and b = Id x -C 1. !
(x) Properties of Vector Product:
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(1) a x b =- (b x a ).
➔➔ ➔ -;+
(2) m ( a x b ) =(m a ) x b =➔ ~
a x (m b ) , m is scalar.
➔ -;+ ➔ ➔ -;+ ➔➔
(3) a x (b + c)=a x b + a x c
(xi,) Relation Between Vector Product and Scalar Product
➔ ➔ 2 ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
2
I a x b 1 =I a 1 I b 12 - ( a . b )2 •
-
. .

Type I - Multiple Choice Questions :

➔. ➔
1. If a 1s a non-zero vector, such that I k a I= 1, then the value of k is:
➔
(a) ±Ia I (b) ±-1- (c) 1 (d) 0
111
I\ I\ I\
2. The magnitude of vector 6 i + 2 j + 3 k is :
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 12 (d) 1
3. In triangle ABC, which of the following is not true
---+ ---+ ---+ ---+ ---+ ---+
(a) AB+BC+CA=O (b) AB+BC-AC=O
-' -
---+ ---+ ---+ ---+ ---+ ---+
(c) AB+BC-CA=O (d) AB - CB+ CA= 0
➔ ➔
4. If I a I = 4 and - 3 ~ l ~ 2, then the range of I Aa I is :
(a) [O, 8] (b) [-12, 8] (c) [O, 12] (d) [8, 12]
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\
5. The value ofµ for which the vector i + 3µj - 2k is perpendicular to vector 2 i + j - 2k is:
(a) O (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) none of these.
6. Determine which of the following is a false statement:
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(a) I a + b I~ I a I+ I b I (b) Ia - b I~ I a I- I b I
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔

(c) I a - b I~ I a I+ I b I (d) I a + b I~ I a I- I b I
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
7. If a and b are two non-zero vectors such that I a + b I= I a I + I b I , then
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(a) a and bare unit vectors (b) a and b are parallel vectors
➔ ➔
(c) a and b are perpendicular vectors (d) None of these.
I\ I\

8. A vector of magnitude 4 units which is parallel to vector ✓3 i + j is given by:

✓3 i + j ✓3 i + ! j
I\ I\
(a) (b) (c) 2✓3 i +2j (d) none of these.
2 2
9. A vector equally inclined to axes is :
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\

(a) i+j +k (b) i -j- k (c) - i + j (d) none of these.

 □ 130 i::=: :: 1 MATHEMATICS EXAM BOOSTER-[XJJJ 1
10.. If a unit vector ➔
a makes angles 1t
, 1t • h
and acute angle 0 wit '
x-axis, •
y-axis and. z-axis
3 4
respectively, then 0 is:
1t
(b) ~
1t
(a) - (c) - (d) none of these.
6 4 3
➔
11. If 0 is the angle betwee n two vectors a and ➔ ➔ ➔
b , then a . b ~ 0 only when
1t
(a) 0 < 0 <- (b) 0 ~ 0 ~ ~ (c) 0 < 0 < 1t (d) o ~ e ~n
2 2
A A A A
12. The unit vector perpen dicular to each of the vectors 2 i - j + k and 3 i + 4 jA is
1 /\ /\ /\ 1 /\ /\ /\
(a) .J146 (4i -3j + llk) (b) .J146 ( - 4i + 3j + llk)
1 /\ /\ /\
(c) .J146 (4 i + 3j + llk) (d) none of these

➔ ➔ 2
13. I a x b I is equal to
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(b) I a I2 • I b I2 + ( a . b ) 2
➔ ➔
(c) (a. b) 2 (d) none of these

~~~~
14. ABCD is a rhombu s whose diagon al interse ct at E. Then EA + EB + EC + ED equals
➔ ~ ~
~
(a) 0 (b) AD (c) 2BE (d) 2AD
[CBSE2020]
➔ ➔
15. Angle betwee n two vectors a and b with magnit ude 4 and ./3 respectively such that
➔ ➔ rn
a. b =2-v3 is

1t 1t
(a) - (b) 1t (c) - (d) ~
3 4 6 2
,
16. The numbe r of vectors of unit length perpen dicular to vectors 4 Ai + 3jA - kA and Ai - A /\
j + 5k
is/ are
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4
➔ AA ➔
17. The project ion ofvect.or a= 2 i + 3j + 2k on b = Ai + 2jA + kA is
A

5✓3 (b) 7✓6 (c) 5✓6

(a) 3
3 (d) 5 ✓3
3
-
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\

18. The ratio in which i + 2j + 3k divides the join of - 2 i + 3j + 5k and 7 i - k is

- (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 1
➔ ➔-
19. If I a I= 3 and- 1 ~A.~ 2, then I A. a I lies in the interval
(a) (0, 6] (b) (-3, 6] (c) (3, 6] (d) (1, 2] [CBSE2020]
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
20. Thepositionve ctorofthepoint whichdividest hejoinofpoints 2a-3 b and a+ b in the
ratio 3: 1 is
3 ➔ 5 ➔ 1 ➔ ➔ 1 ➔ ➔
(a) - a (b) - a (c) - (2 a - 3 b) (d) -(a+ b)
4 4 2 4
[NCERT Exemplar]
~ I\ I\ I\ ~ I\ I\ I\

21. The position vectors of two points A and Bare OA = 2 i - j - k and OB= 2 i - j + 2k
respectively. The position vector of a point P which divides the line segment joining A and
B in the ratio 2 : 1 is
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\
(a) 2 i+ j + k (b) i - j + 2k (c) 2 i- j + k (d) none of these.
[CBSE2020]
➔ ➔ ➔ 1 ➔ ➔
22. The values of k for which I k a I < I a I and k a + a is parallel to a holds true, are
2

(a) k E (- 1, - ! ) u (- ! , 1) (b) k E (- 1, - ! ) n (- ! , 1)

(c) kE (-1, - !) (d) none of these.

I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\

23. The value of A. for which the vectors 3 i - 6 j + k and 2 i - 4 j + "'k are parallel is
3 2 5 2
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 5
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ . .
24. The vectors 2 j + k and 3 i - j + 4 k represent the two sides AB and AC respectively of a
MBC. The length of the median through A is
(a) ✓34 (b) /48 (c) Jis (d) 34
✓
2
➔ I\ I\ I\ ➔ I\ I\
25.. If the projection of a = i - 2j + 3k on b = 2 i + 11,k is zero, then the value of A. is
2 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) - (d) - [CBSE 2020]
3 2
➔ ➔
➔ A A A ➔ Projection of a on b
A /\ /\
26. If a == 2 i - j + 2 k and b = 5 i - 3 j - 4 k, then ➔ ➔ 1s
Projection of b on a

1 3 5✓2 1
(a) 5✓ 2 (b) 5✓2 (c) 2 (d) ✓2 [CBSE 2020]
□ 132 [L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
: _ : _.....
: :_:)M ATH EMA TICS EXA M BOOSTER-lXIJ
___
J D
➔ ➔
27. If a and bar e unit vectors, then wha t is ➔ ➔ r;:;
the ang le betw een a and b for v3 ➔ ➔
a - b to be
a unit vector?
1t 1t 1t
(a) - 1t
(b) - (c) - (d) -
6 4 3 2 [CBSE2020]
28. If i, j, k are unit vectors along three mutually perpendicular directions, then
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\
(a) i . j = 1 (b) ix j = 1 (c) i . k = 0 (d) ix k = 0
[CBSE2020]
➔➔ 1 ➔➔
29. If a • b = - I a 11 b I , then the angl e betw ➔ ➔
2 een a and b is
(a)3 0° (b) 69° (c) 60° (d) 900

[AICBSE 2020]
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
30. If I a I = 8, I b I = 3 and I a x b I = 12, then ➔➔
the valu e of a . b is
(a) 6✓3 (b) 8✓3 (c) 12✓3 (cl) non e of thes e ,
➔ ➔ ➔➔
[CBSE2020]
31. If I a I =·10, I b I= 2, a. b = 12, then I ➔ ➔
a x b I is equ al to
(a) 6 (b) 10 (c) 14 (a) 16
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
32. If I a I = I b I = 1 and I a x b I = 1, then
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
(a) a 11 b (b) a .L b (c) a . b = 1 (a) non e of thes e
33. The area of a trian gle formed by vertices ~/\
~
0, A and B whe re OA = i + 2 I\j + 3kI\ and
I\/\/\
OB = - 3 i - 2 j + k is

(a) 3✓5 sq. unit s (b) 5✓5 sq. unit s

(c) 6✓5 sq. unit s (cl) 4 sq. unit s
~~ I\ I\ I\ [CBSE2020]
34. If AB x AC= 2 i - 4j + 4k, then area of MB
C is
(a) 3 sq. unit s (b) 6 sq. unit s
(c) 9 sq. unit s (cl) 16 sq. unit s
~
35. The term inal poin t of the vector AB whose initi
al point is A(- 2, 5, O) and the components
along the coordinate axes are 2, - 3, 8 respectiv
ely is
(a) A(0, - 3, 8) (b) A(2, 0, 8)
(c) A(0, - 2, 8) (cl) A(0, 2, 8)
>

d ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
36. If ➔
t
a uni vec or an ( x - a) . ( x + a) = 8, then I x I is equal to
• 't
a 1s
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
➔ AAA ➔ A A A

37••The sine of the angle between the vectors a = 3 i + j + k and b = 2 i - 2 j + k is

95
✓ (b) ✓74 93
✓
(a) 74 (c) (d) none of these
93 74

38._,The area of the parallelogram,whose diagonals are ~ = 5 f and a: =2 Jis

(a) 5 sq. units (b) 20 sq. units (c) 10 sq. units (d) 2 sq. units
A A

39. A unit vector along the vector 4 i - 3 k is

1 /\ A 1 /\ /\ 1 /\ /\
1;' (a) .!(4i -3k) (b) - (4 i - 3k) (c) ✓7(4i-3k) (d) ✓5 (4i -3k)
7 5
[CBSE2023]
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
40. If 8 is an angle between two vectors a and b , then a . b ~ 0 only when :
•• ' . 7t
(a) 0 < 8 <- (b) 0 ~ 8 ~~
2 2
(c) 0 < 8 < 7t (d) 0 ~ 8 ~ 1t [CBSE2023]

Type II - Assert ion-Re asonin g Questi ons :

r
The following questio ns consist oftwo statem ents-A ssertio n (A) and Reason (R). Answe
these questions selecti ng the approp riate option given below:
(a) Both A and Rare true and R is the correc t explan ation for A
(b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correc t explan ation of A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
41. Assertion : The angle between two vectors with magnitudes ../3 and 2 respectively and
➔➔ 7t
- such that a . b = ✓6 is .
4 ➔➔

Reason : Angle between two vectors is given by cos 8 = _: • :

I a 11 b I
➔ I\ I\ I\ ➔ I\ I\ I\

42.' Assert ion : The project ion of vector a = 7 i + j - 4 k on vector b = 2 i + 6 j + 3 k is

.
8
-;;units.
➔ ➔
➔ ➔ ax b
Reason : Projection of any vector a on b is given by ➔
Ib I
I 134 ·::::: :::::: :.:: :· ·1 MATHEMATICS EXAM BOOSTER-CXII] I
I\ I\
43. Asse rtion : If the vectors 3 i + 2 + 9 kI\ and I\i + a I\ + 3 I\
k are perpe ndicu lar, then the
j

!.
j

value of a is
Reas on : Two vectors will be perpendicular if their scala r produ
ct is zero.
➔ I\/\/\ ➔ I\/\/\
44. Asse rtion : A unit vector perpendicular to both a =2 i - j + k and b =3 i + 4 j - k is
1 /\
.Ji55 (-3i +5j/\ -llk/\)
• ➔➔ I\ I\ I\ ➔➔
Reas on : a x b =- 3 i + 5 i + 11 k and I a x b I =✓155
45. Asse rtion : The value of x for which x ( + j + k) is a unit
vector is ± i }a
Reas on: Unit vector is a vector whose magnitude is unity i.e.,
1
➔ I\/\/\
46. Asse rtion : The unit vecto r in the direc tion
of vecto r a = 2 i + 3j + k 1s
2-: 2~ 2"
✓14 t + ✓14J + Mk
➔
Reas on : The unit vector in the direction of a vector ci is given by ~ =~
➔ ➔
111
➔ ➔
47. Asse rtion : If I a x b I= 1 and I a .b I= ✓3, then angle between ➔ ➔ 1t
a and b is-.
6
➔➔➔➔ ➔➔➔➔
Reas on : I a x b I=I a 11 b Isin 8 and I a . b I=I a 11 b 11 cos 8 I.
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\
48. Asse rtion : Area of parallelogram determined by vectors
i + 2 j + 3 k and 3 i - 2 j + k is
3✓3 sq. units .
Reas on : Area of para llelo gram whos e adja cent sides
are repre sente d by
➔ ➔. ➔ ➔
a and b 1s I a x b I -
➔ ➔ ➔➔ ➔ ➔
49. Asse rtion : If I a + b I= I a - b I, then a and b are perpendicular vectors.
➔➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
Reas on : a . b = 0 <=> a is perpendicular to b (where a and b are non-zero vectors).
➔➔➔
50. Asse rtion : Ifa, b, c are unit vecto rs such that ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
a+ b + c = O , then
➔➔➔➔➔➔ 3
a.b+ b.c+ c.a= - .
2
➔➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
Rea son : If a, band c are unit vecto rs, then I a I= 1, I b I= 1, I c I= 1. Also
➔➔➔ ➔➔➔ 2
a+ b + c =0, so I a + b +c I =0 .
>

➔. ➔ 2 ➔ ➔ 2 ➔ ➔
51. Assertion : If I a x b I + ( a • b ) = 400 and I a I = 4, then I b I = 9 .
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔➔ 2
2 2
Reason : If a and b are any two vectors, then I a x b 12 = I a 1 I b 1 - ( a • b )
➔ ➔ 1 ➔ ➔
52. Assertion : The area of parallelogram with diagonals a and b is 1 a x b I .
2
➔ ➔
Reason : If a and b represent the adjacent sides of a triangle, then the area of triangle
➔ ➔
can be obtained by evaluating I a x b I .
Type m -Case Study Based Questions :
53. The position vectors of a triangular field ABC are given by
➔ A.. 1:-. I"-.. ➔ I\ /\I"-.. ➔ /\I"-..
a= z. + 2 J + 3 k, b = 2 i + 4 j - k and c = 2 j + k
Based on the above information, answer the following questions : ------~➔
➔ ➔ B(b) C(c)
(i) Find the dot product a • b .
➔ ➔ ➔
(ii) Find ( a + b ) • c .

(iii) If 8 is the angle between -;; and b , then find the value of 0.
OR
Find the projection of -;; on b.
54. Read the following passage and answer the following questions :
➔ ➔. . ➔ ➔
The vector product of two vectors a and b 1s written as a x b and defined as
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ I\ ➔ ➔ /\, . .
a x b = I a 11 b I sin 0 n, where I a I= a, I b I= band n 1s a unit vector perpendicular to

both1 and b such that d, b, ~ are in right handed orientation and 0 is the angle between
➔ ➔
a and b (Os8~1t).

I"-.. --;-► . t h en find ➔

a x r!
Ii)
,.. If ➔
a = 2 /\i - j/\ + k, o = 3 A.,i - 4 JA., - 4 I"-.k, u •

(ii) Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are-;;= 2i' - j+t
-:+ A., A., I"-..
o=3i-4;-4k·
/\ I"-.. ~ I"-.. ➔ ~ ➔ ~
":'\
(ui, ➔
If a = 2 /\i - I\ I\
3 j - k and b = i + 4 j - 2 k , find ( a + b ) x ( a - b ) .
OR
➔/\ I\ I\ ➔ I\ I\ I\
Find a unit vector perpendicular to the vectors a = i - 7 j + 7 k and b = 3 i - 2j + 2 k .
 .: : ] MATHEMATICS EXAM BOO STE ~llIJ J I
55. Rea d the following pass age and answ er the
follo wing que stio ns :
San ju purc hase d an air plan t holder which is in shap
e oft.etrahedron.
Let A, B , C D be the co-o rdin ates of the air plan
' t hold er whe re
A= (1, 2, 3), B = (3, 2, 1), C = (2, 1, 2), and D =
(3, 4, 3).
➔
(i) Fin d the posi tion vect or of AB.
' : ➔
C
(ii) Fin d the posi tion vect or of CD.
➔
(iii) Fin d the unit vect or alon g vect or BC I

. I •

OR
Fin d the area of!!.. BCD.
56. A surv eyo r uses his inst rum ents to dete rmin
e the coordinat.es of four corn ers of a roof
whe re sola r pan els are to be mou nted for elec
tricity. The poin ts M(4, 1, 2), N (5, 4, 6),
0(5 , 1, -1) , P(7, 4, 0) are labelled as four corn ers
of the roof resp ecti vely .
Bas ed on the above info rma tion , answ er the follo
wing que stio ns :
➔ ➔
(i) If a and b are vect ors repr esen ted by join ing
corn er M to N and corn er M to P, then
➔ ➔
wri te the com pon ents of vect ors a and b .
(ii) Fin d the mag nitu des of vect ors ➔ ➔
a and b .
(iii) Fin d the norm al vect or ➔
n whi ch is perp end icul ar to ➔➔
a , b and the surf ace of the roof.
Also find its mag nitu de.
OR
The sun is located along the unit vector ➔ 1"
c = - i - -6"j + -k
1"
. If the flow of solar energy
2 7 7
➔
is give n by the vect or d = 910 ➔
c in unit s ofw atts /m2 , then wha t is the magnitu
➔
de of
the dot prod uct of vect ors d and ➔ c and the unit s for this qua ntit y? (wh ere n➔
➔➔
is
perp end icul ar to a, b and surf ace of roof).

1. Pro ve that the four poin ts with position vect A A A

4 i + 5j + k, - j - Ak , 3 Ai + 9 jA + 4 k/\ and
A
ors
A A
4 (- i + j + Ak) are coplanar.
[CBSE 2015)
2. Fin d a vect or in the dire ctio n of vector d = J - 2 J that has mag nitu de 7 units.
[CBSE 2015CJ
3. Wri te the dire ctio n rati os of the vec
➔ I\ I\ I\
tor 3ci + 2b whe re ci = + i j-2 k and
b =2i ':... 4j+ 5k.
[CBSE 2015CJ
 f f Cf ;ff

➔ I\ I\ I\ ➔ /\ /\ /\ ➔ ➔
4. If a = 7 i + j - 4 k and b = 2 i + 6 j + 3 k , then find the projection of a on b .
[CBSE2015J
I\ I\ I\ /\ /\ I\
5. If a, band c are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then find the value of I 2 a + b + c 1·
[CBSE 2015J

6. Fin • t·10n of ➔
· .d the scal ar proJec a = 2 ~z. - J~ + I'\
k on ➔
b = I\i - 2 jI\ + I'\
k. [CBSE 2015CJ
,
· d the magn1·tu de of t h e vector ➔
7. Fin a x➔ • ➔
b 1f a = 2 ~z. + J~ + 3 k/\ , ➔ i + 5 J~ - 2 kI'\ .
b = 3 /\
[CBSE2015J
8. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the vectors ci and ii where :
➔ /\/\/\ ➔ /\/\
a = i+ j + k and b = i+ j . [CBSE2015J
➔ I\ I\ I\ ➔ I\ I\ ➔ /\ I\ /\
9. If a = i + 2 j + k, b = 2 i + j and c = 3 i - 4 j - 5 k , then find a unit vector perpendicular
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
to both the vectors ( a - b ) and ( c - b ) . [CBSE2015J

10. If ci and ii are unit vectors, then what is the angle between d and ii so that ✓2 d - ii
is a unit vector? [CBSE 2015CJ
➔➔ ➔ ➔ ➔➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
11. Show that the vectors a, band c are coplanar if a + b, b + c and c + a coplanar.
[CBSE2016]
12. Show that the four points A(4, 5, 1), B(O, - 1, - 1), C(3, 9, 4) and D(- 4, 4, 4) are coplanar.
[CBSE2016]
➔/\ /\/\➔/\ ➔ ~ 1:- I\
13. Let a =i + j + k, b = i and c = c1 z. + c 2 J + C3 k, then
➔➔ ➔
(a) Let c 1 = 1 and c2 = 2, find c3 which makes a, b and c coplanar.
. ➔➔ ➔
(b) If c2 = - 1 and c3 = 1, show that no value of c 1 can make a, b and c coplanar.
[CBSE2017J
I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ I\ /\ I\
14. Show that the points~ B, C with position vectors 2 i - j + k, i - 3 j - 5 k and 3 i- - 4 j - 4 k
respectively, are the vertices of a right-angled triangle. Hence find the area of the triangle.
[CBSE2017J
➔ ➔
15. Find the magnitude of each of the two vectors a and b , having the same magnitude
such that the angle between them is 60° and their scalar product is ~. [CBSE 2018)
2
➔ /\ /\ /\➔ /\ I\ I\ ➔ I\ I\/\ ➔
16. Let a =4 i + 5 j - k, b =i - 4 j + 5 k and c =3 i + j - k . Find a vector d which is
➔ ➔ ➔➔
perpendicular to both c and b and d . a = 21 . [CBSE2018)
. ➔ ➔ ➔/\ /\ /\
l'l~ Find a unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors a and b, where a = i - 7 j + 7 k and
➔ /\ /\ /\
b = 3 i - 2j + 2k. [CBSE2019)
fl 138 t ~i::::: :::: ~~:::: ::,:::;:. .:.:) MATH EMAT ICS EXAM BOOSTER-IXIJJ I
18. Show that the vectors i - 2j + 3k, - 2 i + 3j - 4kA and 0i - 3J0
A A A A A A
+ 5k are coplanar.
[CBSE2019]
➔
19. Let 1, b and ; be three vectors such that I a I = 1, I b I = 2 and
➔ ➔
I c I= 3 • If the projection
➔ ➔ ➔
of b along a is equal to the projection of c along ➔ ➔➔ .
a ; and b , c are perpe ndicu lar to each
➔ ➔ ➔
other , then find I 3 a - 2 b + 2 c I.
[CBSE2019]
20. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, prove that the magn
itude of their difference
is ✓3.
[CBSE2019]
A. A. A. A. A A. A. A. A A A.
21. If i + j + k, 2 i + 5 j, 3 i + 2j - 3 k and i - 6j - k respe ctivel
. . .
y are the position vectors
of points A, B, C and D, then find the angle betwe en the straig ht lines
AB and CD. Find
wheth er AB and CD are collinear or not.
[CBSE 2019]
➔ A. A. A ➔ A A A
22. If a = i + 2 j + 3 k and b = 2 i + 4 j - 5 k repre sent two adjacent
sides of a parallelogram,
find unit vectors parall el to the diagonals of the parallelogram.
[CBSE 2020]
➔ ➔
2.3. Find a and b if (➔➔ ➔➔ ➔
a + b ) .( a - b ) = 12 and a = 21 ➔ b [CBSE 2020]
I I
I I ,

I I
I .

➔
24. If a = i - 2j + 3 kA and ➔,
A
b 1s vector such that ➔
A ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
and a - b = -vr,;
2
a . b = b I I
I
7 , then find I

➔
the value of I b 1·
[CBSE2020]
➔ A. A. A ➔ A A A
25. If a = 2 i - j + k and b = 3 i + 4j - k, then find a unit vector
perpe ndicu lar to both
➔ ➔
a and b . Also calculate the sine of angle between two vectors.
[CBSE 2020]
?4. A vector 1 is inclined at equal angles to OX, OY and OZ. If the magnitude 1 is 6 units,
➔
find r .
[CBSE2020]
➔ A A A ➔ A A A ➔
?:7. Show thatth evect ors a = 3 i + 7 j + k, b = 2 i - j + k and c = 5 i A A A
+ 6j + 2k form aright
angled triangle.
[CBSE 2020]
➔➔ ➔-
28. If a, b and c are mutua lly perpe ndicu lar vectors of equal magn
itude, then prove that
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
the vector (2 a + b + 2 c ) is equally inclined to both a and c . Also,
find the angle
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
betwe en a and (2 a + b + 2 c ).
[CBSE2022]
➔➔ 2 ➔➔ 2 ➔
29. If a x b ➔
I
I + a •b
I
I = 400 and I b = 5, then find the value of a
I

I I -
[CBSE2022]
30. Find all the possible vectors of magn itude 5 ✓3 which are equally inclined to co-ordinate
axes.
[CBSE 20221
~ ~" 1
31. The projection of vector i
I\ I\"
+ J + k on the vector pi + j - 2 k is - . Find the value(s) of p.
3
[CBSE2023J
Type I - Multiple Choice Questions:

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)

6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a)
16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c)
26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (c)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (d)
36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (b)

Type Il - Assertion-Rea soning Questions :

41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (a)
46. (d) 47. (a) 48. (d) 49. (a) 50. (a)
51. (d) 52. (c)

Type ID - Case Study Based Questions :

•••) -1 1 Q1D 7 •t
53. (i) 7 (ii) 14 ( ui cos ✓6 .u. J21.ums

~ •t 1 ~ /\
54. (i.) Bi/\. + 11 j/\. - 5 I:!,.. ±✓2 (J + k)
/\. I:!,.. Q1D
k (ii) -v210 sq. uni s
c•• ")
ui - 20 /\.i - 6 j - 22 k ..n

A A A A A A 1 A A
...) 1 . . 1 k o,u
55. (i) 2 i - 2 k (ii) i + 3j + k (ui --i--J+-
✓3 ✓3 ✓3
..n .JG sq. units

➔ ➔

56. (i) 1, 3, 4 and 3, 3, - 2 (ii) I a I = ./26 units and I b I = ./22 units

➔ I\ I\ I\ ➔ ~
(iii) n = -18 i + 14 j - 6k; In I= 2vl39 units OR 19890watts

Type IV - Previous Years' Board Questions (Short & Long Answer Type) :

7 A.. 14 A.. 8
2 7si- 3. < 7, -5, 4 > 4. units
• ✓SJ 7
5
5. .Js 6. - 7. ✓507
✓6
 ◄

1 /\
8. ±1- (- ~l, + J~)
I':.. 1t
9. ± ✓2 ( - j + k) 10. 4
✓2

13. c3 = 2 ✓210 .
14. --sq. units 15. 3
2 .
➔ 1 ~ 16 ~ 13"
16. d = - - i +-J +-k 19. ✓
6J.
3 3 3
' .
21. 180°; AB and CD are collinear 1 " " "
22. -(3i+6j-2k); 1 " " A
~(i+2j-Bk)
7 -v69 _.
➔ ➔
23. I a I =4, I b I =2 24. ,fi

25 ± ( - 3 '> 5 '> 11
• ✓155 l, + ✓155 J + ✓155
~J . ; Slil
8 =p55
156 26. r
➔ I\
= 2✓3 (± i ± j ± k)
I\ I\

-1 2 ➔ I\ I\ I\
28. cos - 29. I a I= 4 30. ± (5 i + 5 j + 5 k)
3

3± ✓13
31.
2