Vedantu’s Tatva Practice Book

Mathematics
Volume 3 Class 12 JEE

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MASTER INDEX
VOLUME 1:
Determinants & Matrices
Relations , Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Continuity, Differentiability & Differentiation
Applications of Derivatives

VOLUME 2:
Indefinite Integration
Definite Integration, Area under curves
Differential Equations

VOLUME 3:
Vectors & 3-Dimensional Geometry
Probability
 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 6

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 17

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 27

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 53

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 64

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 114

PROBABILITY

Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 77

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 83

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 89

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 98

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 106

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 117

 08
VECTORS &
3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
 Chapter 08 6

VECTORS &
3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

VECTORS 1.5 Coplanar Vector

A given number of vectors are called coplanar if their line segments

1. VECTORS & THEIR TYPES are all parallel to the same plane. Note that “Two Vectors Are
Always Coplanar”.
Vector quantities are specified by definite magnitudes and definite
directions. A vector is generally represented by a directed line 1.6 Position Vector of A Point

segment, say AB . A is called the initial point and B is called the Let O be a fixed origin, then the position vector (pv) of a point P is
 
terminal point. The magnitude of vector AB is expressed by the vector OP . If a and b are position vectors of two points A
   
AB . AB may also be represented by a and its magnitude by and B, then, AB  b  a = pv of B – pv of A.

| a |. 1.7 Section Formula

1.1 Zero Vector  

If a and b are the position vectors to two points A and B then
A vector of zero magnitude is a zero vector i.e. which has the same the p.v. of a point which divides AB in the ratio m : n is given by :
initial & terminal point, is called a Zero Vector. It is denoted by    
  na  mb a+b
r . Note p.v. of mid point of AB =
O . The direction of zero vector is indeterminate. mn 2

1.2 Unit Vector 2. ALGEBRA OF VECTORS


A vector of unit magnitude in direction of a vector a is called unit
2.1 Addition of vectors

 a
vector along a and is denoted by â . Symbolically â   .  
a If two vectors a & b are represented by OA & OB , then their
 
1.3 Equal Vector sum a  b is a vector represented by OC , where OC is the
diagonal of the parallelogram OACB.
Two vectors are said to be equal if they have the same magnitude,
   
direction & represent the same physical quantity.  a  b  b  a (commutative)
     
1.4 Collinear Vector     
a  b  c  a  b  c (associative)

Two vectors are said to be collinear if their directed line segments     

 a 0 a 0a
are parallel disregards to their direction. Collinear vectors are also
    
called Parallel Vectors . If they have the same direction they are  a   a   0   a   a
named as like vectors otherwise unlike vectors.
  2.2 Multiplication of a Vector by a scalar
Symbolically, two non – zero vectors a and b are collinear if and
    
only, if a  Kb , where K R – {0}. If a is a vector & m is a scalar, then m a is vector parallel to a
  
whose modulus is |m| times that of a . If m > 0 then ma and a
have same direction and if m < 0, then they have opposite

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directions. This is multiplication is called Scalar Multiplication. ˆˆ

 i.j = ˆj.kˆ = k.i
ˆ ˆ=0

If a & b are vectors & m, n are scalars, then :

     a . b
m a   a  m = m a  projection of a on b  
   b
m(n a ) = n(m a ) = (mn) a
    
(m + n) a = m a + n a   a.b
  the angle  between a & b is given by cos    
   a b
m(a  b )=m a +mb

2.3 Subtraction of Vectors 0 

 
     if a = a1ˆi + a 2 ˆj + a 3 kˆ and b = b1ˆi + b2 ˆj + b3 kˆ then
a - b is defined as addition of vectors a and (-b) .
 
3. TEST OF COLLINEARITY a . b = a1 b1 + a2 b2 + a3 b3

   
Three points A, B, C with position vectors a, b, c respectively  a  a 12  a 22  a 32
are collinear, if & only if there exist scalar x, y, z not all zero
   
simultaneously such that; xa  yb  zc  0, where x +y +z =0  b  b12  b 22  b 32

4. TEST OF COPLANARITY
NOTES :
   
Four points A, B, C, D with position vectors a , b, c, d respectively
   
are coplanar if and only if there exist scalars x, y, z, w not all zero (i) Maximum value of a . b  a b
   
simultaneously such that xa  yb  zc  wd  0 where, x + y + z +
   
w=0 (ii) Minimum values of a . b   a b

5. SCALAR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS 

(iii) Any vector a can be written as,

       
 a  b  a b cos  (0  )      
a  a  î î  a  ĵ ˆj  a  k̂ k̂.

  (iv) A vector in the direction of the bisector of the angle

note that if  is acute then a . b > 0 & if  is obtuse then
   
a.b <0   a b
between two vectors a & b is    .
a b
  2 
 a . a  a  a2

    Hence bisector of the angle between the two vectors

 a . b  b . a (commutative)
 
      
 
a & b is  â  b̂ , where R+.
  
a  b  c  a  b  a  c (distributive)
 
      Bisector of the exterior angle between a & b is  â  b̂  
 a .b  0  a  b  a  0, b  0 
 R–{0}.
     
 (ma) . b  a . (mb)  m (a . b) , where m is scalar..

 ˆi.iˆ = ˆj.jˆ = k.k

ˆ ˆ = 1;

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  
6. VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS  If a, b & c are the pv’s of 3 points A, B and C then the

  1      
 If a & b are two vectors &  is the angle between them vector area of triangle ABC = [ a  b  b  c  ca ] .
2
       
then a  b  a b sin  n̂ , where n̂ is the unit vector 
The point A, B & C are collinear if a  b  b  c  c  a  0
    
perpendicular to both a & b such that a , b & n̂ forms a  Area of any quadrilateral whose diagonal vectors are d1 &
right handed screw system.
 1  
  d 2 is given by d1  d 2
 Geometrically a  b equals area of the parallelogram 2
   
whose two adjacent sides are represented by a & b  Lagranges Identity : for any two vector a & b ;
    
 a  b  0  a and b are parallel (collinear) (provided    
  2 2   a .a a .b
    (a  b) 2  a b  (a . b) 2     
a  0, b  0 ) i.e. a  Kb , where K is scalar.. a .b b.b
   
 a  b  b  a (not commutative) 7. SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT
  
 ma  b  a  mb  m a  b where m is scalar
      
 The scalar triple product of three vectors a, b & c is
      
 a  (b  c)  (a  b)  (a  c) (distributive) defined as :

ˆi × ˆi = ˆj × ˆj = kˆ × kˆ  0      
  
a . b  c  a b c sin  cos  where  is the angle

 ˆi × ˆj =k,
ˆ ˆj × kˆ = ˆi, kˆ × ˆi  ˆj     
between c & b & is angle between a and b  c
 
 If a = a1ˆi +a 2 ˆj + a 3 kˆ and b = b1ˆi +b2 ˆj + b3 kˆ then 
It is also written as [a b c] , spelled as box product.

ˆi ˆj kˆ  Scalar triple product geometrically represents the volume

 
a  b  a1 a2 a3 of the parallelopiped whose three coterminous edges are
b1 b2 b3    
represented by a , b & c i.e. V  [a b c]
   In a scalar triple product the position of dot & cross can
 Unit vector perpendicular to the plane of a & b is
be interchanged i.e.
 
a b
nˆ             
a . (b  c)  (a  b) .c Also [a b c]  [b c a]  [c a b]
a b
       
 A vector of magnitude ‘r’ & perpendicular to the plane of a . (b  c)  a . (c  b) i.e. [a b c]  [a c b]
   
  r a b   If a = a1ˆi + a 2 ˆj + a 3 kˆ ; b = b1ˆi + b2 ˆj + b3 kˆ and
a and b is   
a b
a1 a2 a3
   ˆ ˆ ˆ 
a b c = c1i + c2 j + c3 k then [a b c]  b1 b2 b3 .
 
 If  is the angle between a & b then sin  =   c1 c2 c3
a b

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       
In general, if a  a1   a 2 m  a 3n; b  b1   b 2 m  b 3n and 8. VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT

a1 a 2 a3      
        Let a, b, c be any three vectors, then the expression a  (b  c)
 
c  c1   c 2 m  c3n then a b c  b1 b 2 b3  m n ;
  is vector & is called vector triple product.
c1 c 2 c3
  
   Geometrical Interpretation of a ×(b × c)
where , m & n are non - coplanar vectors.
  
Consider the expression a  ( b  c) which itself is a vector. Since
     
 a, b, c are coplanar   a b c  = 0.    
it is a cross product of two vectors a and (b  c) . Now a  ( b  c)
 Scalar product of three vectors, two of which are equal or   
is a vector perpendicular to the plane containing a and (b  c)
parallel is 0.
  
but b  c is a vector perpendicular to the plane containing b &
NOTES :      
c , therefore a  ( b  c ) is a vector lying in the plane of b & c
       
 If a, b, c are non-coplanar then [a b c]  0 for right and perpendicular to a . Hence we can express a  ( b  c) in terms
       
handed system & [a b c]  0 for left handed system. of b & c i.e. a  (b  c) = xb  yc where x and y are scalars.
        
 ˆi ˆj kˆ   1  a  (b  c)  (a . c) b  (a . b) c
 
          
 [ K a b c]  K [ a b c ] (a  b)  c  (a  c ) b  ( b  c ) a

          
 [(a  b) c d]  [a c d]  [b c d]  (a  b)  c  a  ( b  c )

 The volume of the tetrahedron OABC with O as origin 9. LINEAR COMBINATIONS

  
& the pv’s of A, B and C being a , b & c respectively is
  
Given a finite set of vectors a, b, c, ..... then the vector
1   
given by V  [a b c ]     
6 r  xa  y b  zc  .... is called a linear combination of a , b, c, .....

 The position vector of the centroid of a tetrahedron if for any x, y, z..... R. We have the following results :
     
the pv’s of its angular vertices are a , b, c, d are given (a) If a, b are non zero, non-collinear vectors then
   
1     xa  yb  x ' a  y' b x = x’ ; y = y’
by [a  b  c  d].
4  
(b) Fundamental Theorem in plane : Let a, b be non-zero,
Note that this is also the point of concurrrency of the

lines joining the vertices to the centroids of the opposite non- collinear vectors. Then any vector r coplanar with
faces and is also called the centre of the tetrahedron. In  
a, b can be expressed uniquely as a linear combination of
case the tetrahedron is regular it is equidistant from the
 
vertices and the four faces of the tetrahedron. a, b i.e. There exist some unique x, y  R such that
     
 Remember that :  a  b   b  c   c  a   0 & xa  yb  r
  
    (c) If a, b, c are non-zero, non-coplanar vectors then :
 a  b
  b c   
 c  a   2  a b c 
      
xa  yb  zc  x ' a  y' b  z' c x = xy = yz = z

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  
(d) Fundamental Theorem in Space : Let a, b, c be non- 10. RECIPROCAL SYSTEM OF VECTORS

zero, non- coplanar vectors in space. Then any vector r
     
can be uniquely expressed as a linear combination of If a, b, c & a ' , b' , c' are two sets of non-coplanar vectors such
        
a, b, c i.e. There exist some unique x, y, z  R such that that a  a '  b  b'  c  c'  1 then the two systems are called
    Reciprocal System of vectors.
xa  yb  zc  r .
     
   b c ca ab
(e) If x1 , x 2 .................. x n are n non zero vectors & k1, a '     ; b '     ; c'    
[a b c ] [a b c ] [a b c ]
k2,............kn are n scalars & if the linear combination
  
3 - DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
k 1 x 1  k 2 x 2  ......k n x n  0  k1 =0, k2 =0,.......kn = 0
  
then we say that vectors x1 , x 2 .................. x n are Linearly
Independent Vectors. 1. INTRODUCTION
  
(f) If x1 , x 2 .................. x n are not Linearly Independent then
There are infinite number of points in space. We want to identify
they are said to be Linearly Dependent vectors i.e. if
   each and every point of space with the help of three mutually
k 1 x 1  k 2 x 2  ......k n x n  0 & if there exists at least one perpendicular coordinate axes OX, OY and OZ.
  
kr  0 then x1 , x 2 .................. x n are said to be Linearly
1.1 Axes
Dependent.
Three mutually perpendicular lines OX, OY, OZ are considered as
NOTES : three axes.

  1.2 Coordinate planes

 If a = 3iˆ + 2jˆ + 5kˆ then a is expressed as a Linear
 Plane formed with the help of x and y axes is known as x–y plane
Combination of vectors ˆi, ˆj, kˆ . Also a , ˆi, ˆj, kˆ form a
similarly plane formed with y and z axes is known as y – z plane
linearly dependent set of vectors. In general, every set and plane formed with z and x axis z – x plane.
of four vectors is a linearly dependent system.
1.3 Coordinate of a Point
 ˆi, ˆj, kˆ are Linearly Independent set of vectors. For
Consider any point P on the space and drop a perpendicular from
that point to x – y plane; then the algebraic length of this
K1ˆi + K 2 ˆj + K 3 kˆ = 0  K1 = 0 = K2 = K3 perpendicular is considered as z–coordinate; and from the foot of
the perpendicular drop perpendiculars to x and y axes the algebric
  
 Two vectors a & b are linearly dependent  a is length of these perpendiculars are considered as y and x
    coordinates respectively.
parallel to b i.e. a  b  0  linear dependence of a &
     1.4 Vector Representation of a Point in Space
b . Conversely if a  b  0 then a & b are linearly
independent. If the coordinates of a point P in space are (x, y, z) then the position

   vector of the point P with respect to the same origin is x î  yĵ  zk̂ .
 If three vectors a, b, c are linearly dependent, then they
      2. DISTANCE FORMULA
are coplanar i.e. [a, b, c]  0 conversely, if [a, b, c]  0 ,
then the vectors are linearly independent. Distance between any two points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) is

given as ( x1  x 2 ) 2  ( y1  y 2 ) 2  (z1  z 2 ) 2

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Vector method NOTES :

We know that if position vector of two points A and B are given
All these formulae are very much similar to two dimensional
as OA and OB then coordinate geometry.

|AB| = | OB  OA | 3.1 Centroid of a Triangle

 |AB| = (x2i + y2j + z2k) – (x1i + y1j + z1k)|
 x  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3 z1  z 2  z 3 
G 1 , , 
 |AB| = x 2  x1 2  y 2  y1 2  z 2  z1 2  3 3 3 

2.1 Distance of a Point P From Coordinate Axes

Let PA, PB and PC be the distances of the point P(x, y, z) from the
coordinate axes OX, OY and OZ respectively then

PA = y 2  z 2 , PB = z 2  x 2 , PC = x 2  y2 )

3. SECTION FORMULA 3.2. In - Centre of Triangle ABC

(i) Internal Division

 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy 3 az1  bz 2  cz 3 
If point P divides the distance between the points A (x1, y1, z1)  , , 
 abc abc abc 
and B (x2, y2, z2) in the ratio of m : n (internally) then the coordinates
of P are given by Where | AB | = a, | BC | = b, | CA | = c

 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 mz 2  nz1  3.3 Centroid of a Tetrahedron

 , , 
 mn mn mn 
If A (x1, y1, z1), B (x2, y2, z2), C (x3, y3, z3), and D (x4, y4, z4) are the
vertices of a tetrahedron then the coordinates of its centroid (G)
are given by

  xi  yi  zi 
(ii) External division  , , 
 4 4 4 
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 mz 2  nz1 
 , , 
 mn mn mn  4. RELATION BETWEEN TWO LINES

Two lines in the space may be coplanar and may be non- coplanar.
Non- coplanar lines are called skew lines if they never intersect
each other. Two parallel lines are also non intersecting lines but
they are coplanar. Whether two lines are intersecting or non
(iii) Mid point intersecting, the angle between them can be obtained.

 x1  x 2 y1  y 2 z1  z 2  5. DIRECTION COSINES AND DIRECTION RATIOS

 , , 
 2 2 2 
(i) Direction cosines : Let , ,  be the angles which a directed
line makes with the positive directions of the axes of x, y
and z respectively, then cos , cos, cos are called the
direction cosines of the line. The direction cosines are
usually denoted by (l, m, n).

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6. ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES

If two lines having direction ratios a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2
respectively then we can consider two vectors parallel to the
lines as a1ˆi + b1ˆj + c1kˆ and a 2 ˆi + b2 ˆj + c2 kˆ and the angle
Thus l = cos , m = cos , n = cos . between them can be given as
(ii) If l, m, n, be the direction cosines of a lines, then
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2
l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1 cos   .
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22
(iii) Direction ratios : Let a, b, c be proportional to the direction
cosines, l, m, n, then a, b, c are called the direction ratios. (i) The lines will be perpendicular if a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0

If a, b, c are the direction ratio of any line L then aî  bˆj  ck̂ a1 b1 c1
 
(ii) The lines will be parallel if
a 2 b 2 c2
will be a vector parallel to the line L.
(iii) Two parallel lines have same direction cosines i.e. l1 = l2 ,
If l, m, n are direction cosines of line L then  î  mĵ  nk̂ is
m1 = m2, n1 = n2
a unit vector parallel to the line L.
(iv) If l, m, n be the direction cosines and a, b, c be the direction 7. PROJECTION OF A LINE SEGMENT ON A LINE
ratios of a vector, then
(i) If the coordinates of P and Q are (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2)
 a b c  then the projection of the line segments PQ on a line having
  ,m  ,n 
 2 2 2 2 2 2  direction cosines l, m, n is
 a b c a b c a  b 2  c2
2

| l (x2 – x1) + m(y2 – y1) + n(z2 – z1) |

 a b c 
or    ,m  ,n  
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 a b c a b c a b c 

(v) If OP = r, when O is the origin and the direction cosines of

OP are l, m, n then the coordinates of P are (lr, mr, nr).
If direction cosines of the line AB are l, m, n, | AB | = r, and
the coordinates of A are (x1, y1, z1) then the coordinates of  
(ii) Vector form : projection of a vector a on another vector b
B are given as (x1 + rl, y1 + rm, z1 + rn)
 
(vi) If the coordinates of P and Q are (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2)  ab
is a  b̂   In the above case we can consider PQ
then the direction ratios of line PQ are a = x2 – x1, |b|
b = y2 – y1 and c = z2 – z1 and the direction cosines of line

as (x2 – x1) î + (y2 – y1) ĵ + (z2 – z1) k̂ in place of a and
x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
PQ are l = ,m= and n = 
| PQ | | PQ | | PQ |
l î + m ĵ + n k̂ in place of b.
(vii) Direction cosines of axes : Since the positive x–axis makes    
angles 0°, 90°, 90° with axes of x, y and z respectively, (iii) l | r |, m | r |, and n | r | are the projection of r in x, y and z
therefore axes.

Direction cosines of x–axis are (1, 0, 0)  

(iv) r = | r | (l î + m ĵ + n k̂ )
Direction cosines of y–axis are (0, 1, 0)
Direction cosines of z–axis are (0, 0, 1)

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8. EQUATION OF A LINE 9. SKEW LINES

(i) The equation of a line passing through the point (i) The straight lines which are not parallel and non–coplanar
(x1, y1, z1) and having direction ratios a, b, c is i.e. non–intersecting are called skew lines.

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 ' '  ' 

  = r. This form is called symmetric
a b c If  =  m n  0, then the lines are skew..
form. A general point on the line is given by ' m' n'
(x1 + ar, y1 + br, z1 + cr).
   
(ii) Vector equation : Vector equation of a straight line passing (ii) Vector Form : For lines a1  b1 and a 2  b 2 to be skew

through a fixed point with position vector a and parallel        
    (b1  b 2 )  a 2  a1   0 or [b1 b 2 (a 2  a1 )]  0.
to a given vector b is r  a +  b where  is a scalar..
(iii) Shortest distance between the two parallel lines
(iii) The equation of the line passing through the points 
 
(x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) is       (a 2  a 1 )  b
r  a1  b and r  a 2  b is d =  .
|b|
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 
x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
10. PLANE
(iv) Vector equation of a straight line passing through two
  If a line joining any two points on a surface lies completely on it
   
points with position vectors a and b is r  a  (b  a ) . then the surface is a plane.
OR
(v) Reduction of cartesion form of equation of a line to vector
form and vice versa If a line joining any two points on a surface is perpendicular to
some fixed straight line, then the surface is called a plane. This
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 fixed line is called the normal to the plane.
 
a b c
10.1 Equation of a Plane

 r  (x1ˆi  yjˆ  z1k)
ˆ  (aiˆ  bjˆ  ck)
ˆ .
(i) Normal form of the equation of a plane is
l x + my + nz = p where l, m, n are the direction cosines of
NOTES : the normal to the plane and p is the distance of the plane
from the origin.
Straight lines parallel to co–ordinate axes : (ii) General form : ax + by + cz + d = 0 is the equation of a plane
Straight lines Equation where a, b, c are the direction ratios of the normal to the
plane.
(i) Through origin y = mx, z = nx
(iii) The equation of a plane passing through the point
(ii) x–axis y = 0, z = 0 (x1, y1, z1) is given by a (x – x1) + b (y – y1) + c (z – z1) = 0 where
(iii) y–axis x = 0, z = 0 a, b, c are the direction ratios of the normal to the plane.
(iv) Plane through three points : The equation of the plane
(iv) z–axis x = 0, y = 0
through three non–collinear points (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ),
(v) Parallel to x–axis y = p, z = q
x y z 1
(vi) Parallel to y–axis x = h, z = q x1 y1 z1 1
(x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, z3) is 0
(vii) Parallel to z–axis x = h, y = p x2 y2 z2 1
x3 y3 z3 1

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(v) Intercept Form : The equation of a plane cutting intercepts (g) Equation of a plane passing through a given point and
parallel to the given vectors : The equation of a plane
x y z 
a, b, c on the axes is   1 passing through a point having position vector a and
a b c
     
(vi) Vector form : The equation of a plane passing through a parallel to b and c is r = a +  b +  c (parametric form
  where and  are scalars).
point having position vector a and normal to vector n is
            
( r  a )  n = 0 or r  n  a  n or r  (b  c)  a  (b  c) (non- parametric form)

NOTES : 11 ANGLE BETWEEN TWO PLANES

(a) Vector equation of a plane normal to unit vector n̂ and (i) Consider two planes ax + by + cz + d = 0 and
 a’x + b’y + c’z + d’ = 0. Angle between these planes is the
at a distance d from the origin is r  n
ˆ d
angle between their normals. Since direction ratios of their
(b) Planes parallel to the coordinate planes
normals are (a, b, c) and (a’, b’, c’) respectively, hence the
(i) Equation of yz–plane is x = 0 angle between them is given by
(ii) Equation of xz–plane is y = 0
aa ' bb' cc'
(iii) Equation of xy–plane is z = 0 cos  =
a  b  c 2 a ' 2  b' 2  c' 2
2 2
(c) Planes parallel to the axes :
If a = 0, the plane is parallel to x–axis i.e. equation of the Planes are perpendicular if aa’ + bb’ + cc’ = 0 and planes are
plane parallel to the x–axis is by + cz + d = 0. a b c
parallel if  
Similarly, equation of planes parallel to y–axis and parallel a ' b' c'
to z–axis are ax + cz + d = 0 and ax + by + d = 0 respectively.    
(ii) The angle  between the planes r  n1  d1 , r  n 2  d 2 is
(d) Plane through origin : Equation of plane passing
 
through origin is ax + by + cz = 0. n1  n 2
given by cos =   Planes are perpendicular if
(e) Transformation of the equation of a plane to the normal | n1 || n 2 |
form : To reduce any equation ax + by + cz – d = 0 to the    
n1  n 2  0 and Planes are parallel if n1  n 2 .
normal form, first write the constant term on the right
hand side and make it positive, then divided each term
12. A PLANE AND A POINT
by 2 2 2
a  b  c , where a, b, c are coefficients of x, y
and z respectively e.g. (i) Distance of the point x , y , z 
  
from the plane

ax by cz ax ' by ' cz ' d

  ax + by + az + d = 0 is given by
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 a b c  a b c  a b c a2  b2  c2

(ii) The length of the perpendicular from a point having

d   
 position vector a to a plane r  n = d is given by
 a 2  b2  c2
 
Where (+) sign is to be taken if d > 0 and (–) sign is to be | a n  d |
p=  .
taken if d < 0. |n|

(f) Any plane parallel to the given plane ax + by + cz + d = 0

13. ANGLE BISECTORS
is ax + by + cz +  = 0. Distance between two parallel
planes ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + dy + xz + d2 = 0 is (i) The equations of the planes bisecting the angle between
| d1  d 2 | two given planes a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and
given as
a 2  b2  c2 a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 are

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a1x  b1y  c1z  d1 a 2 x  b2 y  c2z  d 2 15. ANGLE BETWEEN A PLANE AND A LINE

a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
(i) If  is the angle between the line  
(ii) Equation of bisector of the angle containing origin : First  m n
make both the constant terms positive. Then the positive and the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0, then

a1x  b1y  c1z  d1 a 2 x  b2 y  c2z  d 2

sign in   a  bm  cn 
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22 sin  =  
 (a  b  c2 )  2  m 2  n 2
2 2

gives the bisector of the angle which contains the origin.
  
(iii) Bisector of acute/obtuse angle : First make both the (ii) Vector form : If  is the angle between a line r  (a  b)
constant terms positive. Then 
   b  n 
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 > 0 and r  n = d then sin  =     .
 | b | | n | 
 origin lies in obtuse angle
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 < 0  m n  
(iii) Condition for perpendicularity   , bn = 0
a b c
 origin lies in acute angle
 
(iv) Condition for parallelism al + bm + cn = 0, b  n  0
14. FAMILY OF PLANES
16. CONDITION FOR A LINE TO LIE IN A PLANE
(i) The equation of any plane passing through the line of
intersection of non–parallel planes a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 (i) Cartesian form : Line   would lie in
 m n
+  (a2x + b2y + c2z + d2) = 0 a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 if ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d = 0 and
(ii) The equation of plane passing through the intersection of al + bm + cn = 0.
         
the planes r  n1 = d1 and r  n 2 = d2 is r  (n1  n 2 ) = d1 (ii) Vector form : Line r  a  b would lie in the plane
    
+ d2 where is an arbitrary scalar r  n = d if b  n = 0 and a  n = d
(iii) Plane through a given line : Equation of any plane through
the line in symmetrical form. 17. COPLANER LINES

x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 x   y  z  
  is A ( x – x 1 ) + B ( y – y 1 ) + (i) If the given lines are   and
 m n  m n
C (z – z1) = 0 where Al + Bm + Cn = 0 x  ' y  ' z   '
  , then the condition for
' m' n'
NOTES :
   '   '    '
A straight line in space is characterised by the intersection of intersection/coplanarity is  m n = 0 and
two planes which are not parallel and therefore, the equation ' m' n'
of a straight line is a solution of the system constituted by the
the plane containing the above two lines is
equations of the two planes a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and
a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0. This form is also known as non– x  y z  
symmetrical form.  m n 0
' m' n'

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(ii) Condition of coplanarity if both the lines are in general (ii) A plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 divides the line segment joining
assymetric form :-
 x1 , y1 , z1  and  x 2 , y2 , z 2  in the ratio
ax + by + cz + d = 0 = a’x + b’y + c’z + d’ and
x + y + z +  = 0 = ’x + ’y + ’z + ’  ax1  by1  cz1  d 
  
 ax 2  by 2  cz 2  d 
a b c d
(iii) The xy–plane divides the line segment joining the point
a ' b ' c' d '
They are coplanar if 0 z1
    (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) in the ratio  . Similarly
z2
 ' '  ' '
x1
yz – plane in the ratio of  and zx– plane in the ratio
18. COPLANARITY OF FOUR POINTS x2

If the points A(x1 y1 z1), B(x2 y2 z2), C(x3 y3 z3) and D(x4 y4 z4) are y1
of 
coplaner then y2

x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1 20. FOOT OF PERPENDICULAR AND IMAGE OF A

x 3  x1 y 3  y1 z 3  z1 = 0 POINT W.R.T. A PLANE
x 4  x1 y 4  y1 z 4  z1
Let P (x1, y1, z1) be a given point and ax + by + cz + d = 0 be a given
   plane. Let (x’, y’, z’) be the image point. Then,
Similarly, in vector method the points A ( r1 ), B( r2 ), C( r3 ) and

D( r4 ) are coplanar if there exists 4 scalars a, b, c and d such that x ' x1 y ' y1 z ' z1 2  ax1  by1  cz1  d 
  
    a b c a 2  b2  c2
a  b  c  d  0 and ar1  br2  cr3  dr4  0
And if (x2, y2, z2) is foot of perpendicular from point P on given
19. SIDES OF A PLANE plane, then

(i) A plane divides the three dimensional space in two parts. x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1   ax1  by1  cz1  d 
  
Two points A (x1 y1 z1) and B (x2 y2 z2) are on the same side a b c a 2  b2  c2
of the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 if ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d and
ax2 + by2 + cz2 + d are both positive or both negative and
are on opposite sides of plane if these values are opposite
in signs.

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EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

VECTORS 7. If the position vector of points A and B with respect to
 
point P are respectively a and b then the position vector
Basics of Vectors of middle point of AB is
   
1. In a regular hexagon ABCDEF, ba ab
(a) (b)
      2 2
AB  a, BC  b and CD  c . Then, AE 
 
      (c)
ab
(d) none of these
(a) a  b  c (b) 2 a  b  c 2
    
(c) b  c (d) a  2b  2c 8. The points with position vectors

2. If ABCDE is a pentagon, then 3iˆ – 4ˆj – 4k,

ˆ 2iˆ – ˆj  kˆ and ˆi – 3jˆ – 5kˆ form
     
AB  AE  BC  DC  ED  AC equals (a) an equilateral triangle
 
(a) 3 AD (b) 3 AC (b) an isosceles triangle

  (c) a right angle triangle

(c) 3 BE (d) 3 CE (d) none of these
3. Which of the following is unit vectors 9. The position vector of two points P and Q are respectively
 
p and q then the position vector of the point dividing PQ
(a) ˆi  ˆj (b)
ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 
in 2 : 5 is
2
   
pq 5p  2q
ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  (a) (b)
25 25
(c) ˆi  ˆj  kˆ (d)
3
   
 2p  5q pq
 (c) (d)
4. If a  2iˆ  5jˆ and b  2iˆ  ˆj, then unit vector in the 25 25

direction of a  b is 10. The position vector of the vertices of triangle ABC are
ˆi, ˆj and kˆ then the position vector of its orthocentre is
(a) ˆi  ˆj (b)  
2 ˆi  ˆj

(a) ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 
(b) 2 ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 
 
(c) ˆi  ˆj / 2  
(d) ˆi – ˆj / 2

  1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
5. For any two vector a and b , correct statement is (c)
3

i  j k  (d)
3

i  jk 
       
(a) | a  b |  | a |  | b | (b) | a  b |  | a |  | b | 11. If, D, E, F are mid points of sides BC, CA and AB
        respectively of a triangle ABC, and ˆi  ˆj, ˆj  k,
ˆ kˆ  ˆi are
(c) | a  b |  | a |  | b | (d) | a  b |  | a |  | b |
p.v. of points A, B and C respectively, then p.v. of centroid of
 
6. If ˆi, ˆj, kˆ are position vectors of A, B, C and AB  CX , DEF is
then position vector of X is ˆi  ˆj  k
ˆ
(a) (b) ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
(a) ˆi  ˆj  kˆ (b) ˆi – ˆj  kˆ 3


2 ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 
(c) ˆi  ˆj – kˆ (d) ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 
(c) 2 ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  (d)
3
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 18

  
12. If a  3iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ and b  ˆi  ˆj  k,
ˆ then the unit vector 17. If the vector b is collinear with the vector
 
  
parallel to a  b , is
a  2 2 ,  1, 4 & | b | 10 , then

 
(a) a  b  0 (b) a  2b  0
1 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
(a)
3

2i  j  2kˆ  (b)
5
2i  j  2kˆ  
(c) 2a  b  0 (d) none
 
18. If a  4iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ and b  8iˆ  4ˆj  6kˆ are two vectors
1
(c)
3
 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ  (d) none of these  
then a , b are
(a) like parallel (b) unlike parallel
13. A parallelopiped is formed by planes drawn through the
(c) non-collinear (d) perpendicular
points (2, 3, 5) and (5, 9, 7), parallel to the co-ordinate
planes. The length of a diagonal of the parallelopiped is:
a a 2 1  a3
If b b 2 1  b3  0 and vectors 1,a,a  , 1, b, b  and
2 2
(a) 7 (b) 38 19.
c c 2 1  c3
(c) 155 (d) None of these

14.

The vector c , directed along the internal bisector of the
1,c,c  are non–coplanar, then the product abc equals
2

 (a) 2 (b) –1
angle between the vectors, a  7î  4 ĵ  4k̂ and
(c) 1 (d) 0
 
b  2î  ĵ  2k̂ with | c | 5 6 is : Scalar and vector products

 
5 5 20. If the moduli of vectors a and b are 1 and 2 respectively
(a) ( î  7 ĵ  2k̂ ) (b) (5î  5 ĵ  2k̂ ) 
3 3 and a.b  1, then the angle  between them is :
(a)  (b) 
5 5
(c) ( î  7 ĵ  2k̂ ) (d) ( 5î  5ˆj  2k̂ ) (c)  (d) 
3 3
  
21. If the angle between a and b is  then for a.b  0

15. The vector a   î  2 ĵ  k̂ lies in the plane of the vectors (a) 0 <  <  (b) 0 <  or > /2
  (c) /2 <  <  (d) 0 <  < /2
b  î  ĵ and c  ˆj  k̂ and bisects the angle between
   
  22. (A  B) 2  (A  B)2 equals
b and c . Then which one of the following gives possible
   
values of  and  ? (a) 2 (A 2  B2 ) (b) 4 A . B
(a)  = 1,  = 1 (b)  = 2,  = 2  
(c) A 2  B2 (d) none of these
(c)  = 1,  = 2 (d)  = 2,  = 1
     
23. If a  b , then (a  b) . (a  b) is
Collinearity and Coplanarity Conditions
(a) positive (b) negative
16. If position vectors of A, B, C, D are respectively (c) zero (d) none of these
2iˆ  3jˆ  5k,
ˆ ˆi  2ˆj  3k,
ˆ 5iˆ  4ˆj – 2kˆ and ˆi  10jˆ  10k,
ˆ  
24. If a  ˆi  3jˆ  2kˆ and b  4iˆ – 2ˆj  4kˆ ,
then    
then (2 a + b ) . ( a – 2 b ) equals
(a) AB || CD (b) DC || AD
(a) 14 (b) –14
(c) A, B, C are collinear (d) B, C, D are collinear
(c) 0 (d) none of these
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 19

25. Angle between the vectors 2iˆ  6jˆ  3kˆ and 12iˆ – 4ˆj  3kˆ   2
 a b 
30.   2  2 

is  | a | | b | 

1  1  1  9 
(a) cos  (b) cos     2

 10   11     ab 
(a) | a |2  | b |2 (b)    
 | a | | b | 
1
(c) cos 1  9  (d) cos 1       2
 91  9  a | a | b | b | 
(c)     (d) none
 | a | | b | 
26. If ˆi  ˆj  k,
ˆ 2iˆ  5j,
ˆ 3iˆ  2ˆj – 3kˆ and ˆi – 6ˆj – kˆ be p.v. of
31. If the coordinates of the points A, B, C be (–1, 3, 2),
four points A,B,C and D respectively, then the angle
(2, 3, 5) and (3, 5, –2) respectively, then A =
 
between AB and CD is (a) 0º (b) 45º
(a) /4 (b) /2 (c) 60º (d) 90º
(c)  (d) none of these 32. The coordinates of the points A, B, C, D are (4, , 2),
 (5, –3, 2), (, 1, 1) & (3, 3, –1). Line AB would be
27. Projection vector of a on b is perpendicular to line CD when
(a)  = –1, = –1 (b)  = 1, = 2
   
a .b  a .b
(a)  2 b (b)  (c)  = 2, = 1 (d)  = 2, = 2
|b| |b|  
33. If a and b are vectors of equal magnitude 2 and  be the
     
a .b a .b angle between them, then magnitude of a + b will be 2 if
(c)  (d)  2 b̂
|a| |a| (a)  (b) 

  (c)  (d) 

28. The angle between the vectors a  b & a  b , given
 34. If  be the angle between vectors ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ and 3iˆ  2ˆj  k,
ˆ
  
| a | 2, | b | 1 and angle between a & b is /3, is then the value of sin  is

2 6
2 2 (a) 6/7 (b)
(a) tan 1 (b) tan 1 7
3 3
(c) 1/7 (d) none of these
 
3 35. Two non zero vectors a and b will be parallel, if
(c) tan 1 (d) none
7     
(a) a . b = 0 (b) a  b  0
  
29. Given the vectors a & b the angle between which equals (c) a = b (d) none of these
   
120°. If | a | 3 & | b | 4 then the length of the vector 36. If a and b are two vectors, then -
       
 3 (a) a  b  a b (b) a  b  a b
2a  b is
2        
(c) a  b  a b (d) a  b  a b
(a) 6 3 (b) 7 2    
37. If a  b  a . b then angle between a and b is
(c) 4 5 (d) none
(a) 0° (b) 90°
(c) 60° (d) 45°
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 20

          
38. The unit vector perpendicular to vectors ˆi  ˆj and ˆj  kˆ is 44. If a  b  c  d and a  c  b  d and a  d, b  c,
Then
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a)
3

i  j k  (b)
3

i  jk    
(a) a  d is parallel to b  c .


   
(b) a  d is perpendicular to b  c .
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(c)
3

i  jk  (d) none of these  
(c) a  d is equal to b  c .
    (d) none of these
39. If |a . b| = 3 and |a  b| = 4, then the angle between
  
 
a and b is Vectors a & b make an angle  
2
45. . If | a |  1, | b |  2
3
3
(a) cos–1 3/4 or   cos
1
   
4 then {(a  3b)  (3a  b)}2 

3 (a) 225 (b) 250

(b) cos–1 3/5 or   cos 1
5 (c) 275 (d) 300
46. Unit vector perpendicular to the plane of the triangle ABC
1 3 3   
(c) sin or   sin 1 with pv’s a, b, c of the vertices A, B, C is
5 5

3            
(a  b  b  c  c  a )
(d) /4 or
4 (a)  b  b  c  c  a )
( a (b)
 2
  
40. If a , b , c are any vectors then which one of the following
     
is a wrong statement. (a  b  b  c  c  a )
(c) (d) none
        4
(a) a + b = b + a (b) a . b = b . a
        47. The area of the quadrilateral ABCD, where A(0, 4, 1),
(c) a × b = b × a (d) |a  b| |b  a|
B(2, 3, –1), C(4, 5, 0) and D(2, 6, 2), is equal to
     
41. If for vectors a and b , a × b = 0 and a . b = 0, then (a) 9 sq. units (b) 18 sq. units
    (c) 27 sq. units (d) 81 sq. units
(a) a b (b) a  b
  
    48. If the vectors a ,b and c from the sides BC, CA and AB
(c) a  0 or b  0 (d) none of these
respectively of a triangle ABC, then
   
42. If a × b = a × c then correct statement is            
(a) a .b  b .c  c .b  0 (b) a  b  b  c  c  a

(a) a = 0
           
  (c) a .b  b .c  c .a  0 (d) a  b  b  c  c  a  0
(b) b = 0 = c
  Scalar and vector triple product.
(c) b = c
(d) above three are not necessary         
49. For non-zero vectors a , b, c, | a  b . c |  | a | | b | | c | holds
     
43. For any vectors a , b ; | a × b |2 + ( a . b )2 is equal to
if and only if
2 2          
(a) a b (b) a 2 + b 2 (a) a . b  0. b . c  0 (b) c . a  0, a . b  0

           
(c) a 2 – b 2 (d) 0 (c) a . c  0. b . c  0 (d) a . b  b . c  c . a  0
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 21

50. The volume of the parallelopiped whose sides are given Numerical Value Type Questions
by OA  2î  3 ĵ . OB  î  ĵ  k̂ and OC  3î  k̂ is :
55. If G is the intersection of diagonals of a parallelogram
    
(a) 4/13 (b) 4 ABCD and O is any point and OA  OB  OC  OD  k OG .
(c) 2/7 (d) none Then the value of k is
        
51. If    
a  b  c  a  b  c , where a, b, c are any three 56. If vector 2iˆ  3jˆ – 2kˆ and ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ represents the adjacent
     
vectors such that a  b  0, b  c  0, then a and c are sides of any parallelogram then the sum of squares of
lengths of diagonals of parallelogram is

(a) inclined at an angle of between them
 57. The 2 vectors ˆj  kˆ and 3iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ represents the two sides
(b) perpendicular AB and AC, respectively of a ABC. Then twice of square
(c) parallel of length of the median through A is
 58. P is a point on the line segment joining the points
(d) inclined at an angle of between them
3 (3, 2, –1) and (6, 2, –2). If x co-ordinate of P is 5, then its
   y co-ordinate is
52. Let a  ˆj  kˆ and c  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ . Then the vector b
59. The plane XOZ divides the join of (1, –1, 5) & (2, 3, 4) in
    
satisfying a  b  c  0 and a . b  3, is the ratio  : 1, then 6 is :

(a) ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ (b) 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ 60. If vectors (x – 2) ˆi  ˆj and (x + 1) ˆi  2jˆ are collinear,,

then the value of x is

(c) ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ (d) ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ

   61. If points ˆi  2k,

ˆ ˆj  kˆ and ˆi  ˆj are collinear, then + 
53. Let a, b and c be three non-zero vectors such that no two
equals
   1   
 
of them are collinear and a  b  c  b c a . If  is
3 62.
  
If a, b, c are non coplanar vectors, then the points with
         
the angle between vector b and c , then a value of sin  is: p.v. a  2b  3c, 2a   b  4c,  7b  10c will be

2 2 3 collinear if the value of  is

(a) (b)
3 3 63. The number of distinct real values of  for which the vectors

 2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , ˆi   2ˆj  kˆ and ˆi  ˆj   2 kˆ are coplanar is

2 2  2
(c) (d)

If a and b are unit vectors and 60° is the angle between
3 3
64.
      
54. Let a, b and c be three unit vectors such that them, then (2a  3b) . (4a  b) equals

   3     If vectors 3iˆ  2ˆj  8kˆ and 2iˆ  xjˆ  kˆ are perpendicular


a  bc  
2
 
b  c . If b is not parallel to c, 65.

 then -x is equal to

then the angle between a and b is :  
  
66. If vector a + b is perpendicular to b and 2 b + a is
 2
(a) (b)
 a
2
2 3 

perpendicular to a , then    equals
5 3 b 
 
(c) (d)
6 4
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 22


67.
 ˆ b  3iˆ – 4ˆj  2kˆ and c  ˆi – 2ˆj  2kˆ then 3
If a  2iˆ  ˆj  k, 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
  
times the projection of a  b on c is Introduction and Concept of DC & DR

68. If the angle between two vectors ˆi  kˆ and ˆi  ˆj  akˆ is 79. If a line makes angles 90°, 60° and 30° with positive
/3, then the non-negative value of a is direction of x, y and z-axis respectively, then its direction-
cosines are :
69. The number of vectors of unit length perpendicular to the
 (a) < 0, 0, 0 > (b) < 1, 1, 1 >

vectors a  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and b  ˆj  kˆ is
1 3 3 1
   (c)  0, ,  (d)  , ,0 
70. Let A, B, C be vectors of length 3, 4 and 5 respectively.. 2 2 2 2
      
Let A be perpendicular to B  C, B to C  A and C to 80. A line makes equal angles with co-ordinate axes. Direction
cosines of this line are
    
A  B . Then square of length of the vector, A  B  C is:
1 1 1
 
 ˆ b  ˆi  3jˆ  3kˆ , then |a  b|2 is (b) 
(a) ± 1,± 1,± 1 , ,
71. If a  2iˆ  ˆj  3k, 3 3 3

    
72. If ( a × b )2 + (a.b) 2 = 144 and a  4, then b is equal to 1 1 1
(c)  ,  ,  (d)  3,  3,  3
3 3 3

73.  ˆi  ˆj .  ˆj  kˆ    kˆ  ˆi  equals 81. If a line passes through the points (–2, 4, –5) and
(1, 2, 3) then its direction-cosines will be :
74. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are respectively
  (a)  
2 8 3
a  ˆi  ˆj  2k,
ˆ b  ˆi  3jˆ  4k,
ˆ then the square of the area of , ,  (b) < – 3, 2, + 8 >
77 77 77
parallelogram is
75. Twice of the area of the parallelogram constructed on the 3 2 8
(c)   , ,  (d) < 3, – 2, 8 >
        77 77 77
vectors a  p  2q & b  2p  q where p & q are unit
82. A line makes acute angles of ,  and  with the
vectors forming an acute angle of 30° is
        co-ordinate axes such that cos  cos  = cos  cos  
2
76. If the value of [(a  2b  c) (a  b) (a  b  c)] is equal to 9

k [a b c] . Then the value of k is 4
and cos  cos   , then cos  + cos  + cos  is equal
      9
77. Let a, b, c be three non-coplanar vectors & p, q, r are
to :
vectors defined by the relations
(a) 25/9 (b) 5/9
      (c) 5/3 (d) 2/3
 b c  ca  ab
p    ,q    ,r     .
[a b c ] [a b c ] [a b c ] 83. If a line has direction ratios < 2, –1, –2 > , then its direction-
cosines will be :
Then the value of the expression;
  2 1 2 1 1 1
       (a)  , ,  (b)  , , 
(a  b ) . p  (b  c ) . q  (c  a) . r is 3 3 3 3 3 3
78. Volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are represented
2 1  2 2 1 2
by the position vectors, A (0, 1, 2) ; B (3, 0, 1); C (4, 3, 6) (c)  , ,  (d)  , , 
3 3 3 3 3 3
and D (2, 3, 2) is :
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 23

84. Two lines, whose direction ratios are : 90. The lines,
< a1, b1, c1 > and < a2, b2, c2 > respectively are perpendicular 
r1  î  2 ĵ  3k̂   (2î  3 ĵ  4k̂ )
if

and r2  2î  3 ĵ  4k̂   (3î  4ˆj  5k̂ ) are :
a1 a 2 c1 a1 b1 c1
(a) b  b  c (b) a  b  c (a) coplanar (b) skew
1 2 2 2 2 2

(c) such that shortest distance between them is 1

(c) a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 (d) a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 1
(d) none
85. A line makes angles ,, with the coordinate axes.
91. The equations of x-axis in space are
If  + = 90º, then =
(a) x = 0, y = 0 (b) x = 0, z = 0
(a) 0 (b) 90º
(c) x = 0 (d) y = 0, z = 0
(c) 180º (d) None of these
     
86. The direction cosines of the line, x = y = z are : 92. Two lines r  a1  b1 and r  a 2  b2 would be
coplanar if:
1 1 1 1 1 1      
(a) , , (b) , , (a) [a 1 b1 b 2 ]  [a 2 b1 b 2 ]
3 3 3 3 3 3
     
(b)  a 1 . b 1  b 2  (a 2 . b 1 ) b 2
1 1 1
, ,
(c) 5 , 13 , 10 (d)
13 10 5      
(c) a 1 (b1 . b 2 )  a 2 (b1 . b 2 )

Equation of lines in 3-D        

(d) a1 . b1  a1 . b 2  a 2 . b1  a 2 . b 2

93. The point of intersection of lines,

87. A line passes through a point A with p.v. 3î  ĵ  k̂ and is
x  4 y 1 z x 1 y  2 z  3
parallel to the vector 2î  ˆj  2k̂ . If P is a point on this line   &   is :
5 2 1 2 3 4
such that AP = 15 units, then the p.v. of the point P may be: (a) (–1, –1, –1) (b) (–1, –1, 1)

(a) 13î  4 ĵ  9k̂ (b) 13î  4 ĵ  9k̂ (c) (1, –1, –1) (d) (–1, 1, –1)

x 1 y  2 z  3
(c) 7î  6 ĵ  11k̂ (d) 7iˆ  6jˆ  11kˆ 94. The straight lines   and
1 2 3

88. Image of the point P with position vector 7 î  ˆj  2k̂ in x 1 y  2 z  3

  are
the line whose vector equation is, 2 2 2
 (a) parallel lines (b) Intersecting at 60º
r  9 î  5 ˆj  5 k̂   (î  3 ĵ  5k̂ ) has the position vector :
(c) Skew lines (d) Intersecting at right angle
(a) (–9, 5, 2) (b) (9, 5, –2)
95. A line with direction cosines proportional to 2, 1, 2 meets
(c) (9, –5, –2) (d) none each of the lines x = y + a = z and x + a = 2y = 2z. The co-
89. Find the angle between the two straight lines, ordinates of each of the points of intersection are given by
 (a) (3a, 3a, 3a), (a, a, a) (b) (3a, 2a, 3a), (a, a, a)
r  3î  2 ĵ  4k̂   (2î  ĵ  2k̂ ) and
(c) (3a, 2a, 3a), (a, a, 2a) (d) (2a, 3a, 3a), (2a, a, a)
 96. The angle between the lines 2x = 3y = – z and
r  î  3 ĵ  2k̂   (3î  2 ĵ  6k̂ ) :
6x = – y = – 4z is
(a) cos1 (4 / 21) (b) sin 1 (4 / 21) (a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) 90° (d) 0°
(c) sin 1 (17 / 21) (d) cos 1 (17 / 21)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 24

97. If the straight lines x = 1 + s, y =  s, z = 1 + s and 103. A plane meets the coordinate axes in A, B, C and (,,) is
the centroid of the triangle ABC. Then the equation of the
t
x  , y = 1 + t, z = 2 – t, with parameters s and t plane is
2
respectively, are coplanar, then  equals x y z x y z
(a)   3 (b)   1
(a) –2 (b) –1      

1
(c)  (d) 0 3x 3y 3z
2 (c)   1 (d) x + y+ z = 1
  
98. If the lines
104. The plane ax + by + cz = 1 meets the co-ordinate axes in
x 2 y 3 z  4 x 1 y  4 z  5 A, B and C. The centroid of the triangle is :
  and  
1 1 k k 2 1
a b c
are coplanar, then k can have (a) (3a, 3b, 3c) (b)  , , 
 3 3 3
(a) any value (b) exactly one value
(c) exactly two values (d) exactly three value  3 3 3  1 1 1 
(c)  , ,  (d)  , , 
99. The shortest distance between the skew lines a b c  3a 3b 3c 
     
1 : r  a1  b1 and  2 : r  a 2  b2 is: 105. The equation of the plane which is right bisector of the
line joining (2, 3, 4) and (6, 7, 8), is :
       
 a2  a1  .  b1  b2   a2  a1  .  a2  b2  (a) x + y + z – 15 = 0 (b) x – y + z – 15 = 0
(a)   (b)  
b1  b2 b1  b2 (c) x – y – z – 15 = 0 (d) x + y + z + 15 = 0
106. The equation of the plane containing the line
       
 
a2  b2 . a1  b1   
a1  b2 . b1  a2  x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
  is
(c)   (d)    m n
b1  b2 b1  b2
a (x – x1) + b(y – y1) + c(z – z1) = 0, where :
Various form of Equation of Planes (a) ax1 + by1 + cz1 = 0 (b) a + bm + cn = 0

a b c
(c)   (d) x1 + my1 + nz1 = 0
100. The line, x  2  y  3  z  4 is parallel to the plane :  m n
3 4 5
107. The vector equation of the plane passing through the origin
(a) 3x + 4y + 5z = 7 (b) 2x + y – 2z = 0  
and the line of intersection of the plane r. a   and
(c) x + y – z = 2 (d) 2x + 3y+ 4z= 0
 
101. The equation of the plane passing through the points r. b   is :
(3, 2, 2) and (1, 0 –1) and parallel to the line      
x 1 y 1 z  2

(a) r.  a   b  0 
(b) r.  b   a  0
  , is
2 2 3      

(c) r.  a   b  0 
(d) r.  b   a  0
(a) 4x – y – 2z + 6 = 0 (b) 4x – y + 2z + 6 = 0
(c) 4x – y – 2z – 6 = 0 (d) 3x – 2z – 5 = 0 108. Equation of the plane passing through the line of
intersection of the planes
102. The equation of a plane which passes through (2, –3, 1)
and is normal to the line joining the points (3, 4, –1) and P : ax + by + cz + d = 0, P’ : a’ x + b’ y + c’ z + d’ = 0, and
(2, –1, 5) is given by : parallel to x-axis is :

(a) x + 5y – 6z + 19 = 0 (b) x – 5y + 6z – 19 = 0 (a) Pa – P’a’ = 0 (b) P/a = P’/a’ = 0

(c) x + 5y + 6z + 19 = 0 (d) x – 5y – 6z – 19 = 0 (c) Pa + P’a’ = 0 (d) P/a = P’/a’

VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 25

109. The Plane 2x – (1 + ) y + 3z = 0 passes through the 115. The point at which the line joining the points (2, –3, 1) &
intersection of the planes (3, –4, –5) intersects the plane 2x + y + z = 7 is :
(a) 2x – y = 0 and y – 3z = 0 (a) (1, 2, 7) (b) (1, –2, 7)
(b) 2x + 3z = 0 and y = 0 (c) (–1, 2, 7) (d) (1, –2, –7)
(c) 2x – y + 3z = 0 and y – 3z = 0 x y 1 z  2
116. The point of intersection of the line   and
(d) none of these 1 2 3
110. The equation of the plane through the intersection of the the plane, 2x + 3y + z = 0, is :
planes x + 2y + 3z = 4 and 2x + y – z = –5 and perpendicular (a) (0, 1, –2) (b) (1, 2, 3)
to the plane 5x + 3y + 6z + 8 = 0 is
(a) 7x – 2y + 3z + 81 = 0 (b) 23x + 14y – 9z + 48=0   1 9  25 
(c) (–1, 9, –25) (d)  , , 
 11 11 11 
(c) 51x – 15y – 50z + 173 = 0 (d) none of these
111. The equation of the plane containing the two lines 117. The direction ratio of normal to the plane through


x 1 y 1 z  0 x y  2 z 1 (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), which makes an angle with plane
  and   is 4
2 1 3 2 11 1
x + y = 3, are :
(a) 8x + y – 5z – 7 = 0 (b) 8x + y + 5z – 7 = 0
(a) 1, 2, 1 (b) 1, 1, 2
(c) 8x – y – 5z – 7 = 0 (d) none of these
112. The equation of the plane through the intersection of the (c) 1, 1, 2 (d) 2,1, 1
planes ax + by + cz + d = 0 and lx + my + nz + p = 0 and
parallel to the line y = 0, z = 0 
118. If line r  (î  2 ĵ  k̂ )   (2î  ĵ  2k̂ ) is parallel to the
(a) (bl – am) y + (cl – an) z + dl – ap = 0 
plane r . (3î  2 ĵ  mk̂ )  14 then the value of m is
(b) (am – bl) x + (mc – bn) z + md – bp = 0
(c) (na – cl) x + (bn – cm) y + nd – cp = 0 (a) + 2

(d) none of these (b) – 2

(c) 0
113. Equation of the plane which passes through the point of
(d) can not be predicted with this much informations
x 1 y  2 z  3
intersection of lines   and 119. The distance of the point (1, –5, 9) from the plane
3 1 2
x – y + z = 5 measured along a straight line x = y = z is
x  3 y 1 z  2 (a) 3 5 (b) 10 3
  and has the largest distance from the
1 2 3
origin is: (c) 5 3 (d) 3 10

(a) 7x + 2y + 4z = 54 (b) 3x + 4y + 5z = 49 120. The reflection of the point () in the xy – plane is
(c) 4x + 3y + 5z = 50 (d) 5x + 4y + 3z = 57 (a) (,,0) (b) (0,0,)
(c) (–, –, ) (d) (, , –)
Some Formulae of Plane
121. The plane 2x – 3y + 6z – 11 = 0 makes an angle sin–1()
114. The distance of the point, (–1, –5, –10) from the point of with x-axis. The value of is equal to

x  2 y 1 z  2 3 2
intersection of the line,   and the (a) (b)
3 4 12 2 3
plane, x – y + z = 5, is :
(a) 10 (b) 11 2 3
(c) (d)
7 7
(c) 12 (d) 13
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 26

122. If a plane passes through the point (1, 1, 1) and is 129. The image of the points (–1, 3, 4) in the plane x – 2y = 0 is
x 1 y 1 z 1
perpendicular to the line   then its  17 19 
3 0 4 (a) (15, 11, 4) (b)   ,  , 1
 3 3 
perpendicular distance from the origin is
(a) 3/4 (b) 4/3  9 13 
(c) 7/5 (d) 1 (c) (8, 4, 4) (d)  , ,4 
5 5 
123. The angle between the planes, 2x – y + z = 6 and
130. Distance between two parallel planes 2x + y + 2z = 8 and
x + y + 2z = 7 is
4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 is
(a) 30º (b) 45º
(c) 0º (d) 60º 3 5
(a) (b)
2 2
124. The length of the perpendicular from origin on plane
 7 9
r . (3î  4 ĵ  12k̂ )  5 is
(c) (d)
2 2
5 25
(a) (b) 131. If the distance between planes, 4x - 2y - 4z + 1 = 0 and
69 69 4x - 2y - 4z + d = 0 is 7, then d is:
5 (a) 41 or - 42 (b) 42 or - 43
(c) (d) 5
13 13 (c) -41 or 43 (d) -42 or 44
132. If the angle between the line 2(x+1) = y = z + 4 and the
x  1 y 1 z  2
125. The angle between the line,   and the 
3 2 4 plane 2x  y   z  4  0 is , then the value of  is
6
plane, 2x + y – 3z + 4 = 0, is :
135 45
 4  1  14  (a) (b)
(a) sin 1   (b) sin   7 11
 406   406 
45 135
1  4  (c) (d)
(c) sin   (d) None of these 7 11
 14 29  133. A symmetrical form of the line of intersection of the planes
126. If the given planes, ax + by + cz + d = 0 and x = ay + b and z = cy + d is:
a´x + b´y + c´z + d´ = 0 be mutually perpendicular, then:
x  b y 1 z  d
(a)  
a b c a b c a 1 c
(a)   (b)   0
a ' b ' c' a ' b' c'
x  b  a y 1 z  d  c
(c) aa´ + bb´ + cc´ + dd´ = 0 (b)  
a 1 c
(d) aa´ + bb´ + cc´ = 0
x a y0 zc
x2 y2 z2 (c)  
127. The angle between the line   and the b 1 d
a b c
plane ax + by + cz + 6 = 0 is x  b  a y 1 z  d  c
(d)  
1 b 0 d
(a) sin 1 (b) 45º
a  b2  c2
2
Numerical Value Type Questions
(c) 60º (d) 90º
134. If a line makes angles  with the co-ordinate axes, then
128. The image of the point P (1, 3, 4) in the plane - (cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2) is :
2x – y + z + 3 = 0 is
135. If the straight lines x = 1 + s, y = – 3 – s, z = 1 + s and x
(a) (3, 5, –2) (b) (–3, 5, 2) = t/2, y = 1 + t, z = 2 – t, with parameter s and t respectively,
(c) (3, –5, 2) (d) (–1, 4, 2) are coplanar, then  equals to
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 27

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are
19 15
deleted from JEE Main (c)
2
(d)
2
VECTORS
5. Let the vectors  2  a  b  i   a  2b  c  j   b  c  k
       
1. Let a  2 i  j  2 k and b  i  j. If c is a vector such
1  b  i  2bj  bk and
    
that a . c  c , c  a  2 2 and the angle between
 2  b  i  2bj  1  b  k a, b, c  R
  be co-planar. Then which of the following is true ?
    
 a  b  and c is 6 , then the value of  a  b   c is: (2021-07-25/Shift-1)
   
(a) 2a = b + c (b) 2b = a + c
(2021-07-20/Shift-1)
(c) 3c = a + b (d) a = b + 2c
2  
(a)
3
(b) 4 6. Let p  2i  3j  k and q  i  2j  k be two vectors. If a

3  
vector r  i  j  kˆ is perpendicular to each of the
(c) 3 (d)
2     
vectors p  q and p  q and r  3, then
  
2. Let a , b , c be three mutually perpendicular vectors of      is equal to ________ ?
the same magnitude and equally inclined at an angle 
(2021-07-25/Shift-1)
  
with the vector a  b  c . Then 36 cos 2 2 is equal to        
7. Let a  i  j  2 k and b   i  2 j  3k . Then the vector
____ (2021-07-20/Shift-1)
   
3.

For p > 0 a vector v 2  2i   p  1 j is obtained by rotating product  a  b    a    a  b   b    b is equal to:

the vector v1  3pi  j by an angle  about the origin in (2021-07-27/Shift-1)

a counter clockwise direction. If tan  

 32  , then    
(a) 5  30 i  5 j  7 k 
   
(b) 5  34 i  5 j  3k 
   
4 3 3
the value of is equal to ?
       
(c) 7  30 i  5 j  7 k  (d) 7  34 i  5 j  3k 
(2021-07-20/Shift-2)    
  
4. In a triangle ABC, if BC  3, CA  5 and BA  7, then        
8. Let a  i  j  k, b and c  j  k be three vectors such
 
the projection of the vector BA on BC is equal to ?    
that a  b  c and a.b  1. If the length of projection vector
(2021-07-20/Shift-2)   
of the vector b on the vector a  c is l, then the value of
11 13 3l2 is equal to ______. (2021-07-27/Shift-1)
(a) (b)
2 2
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 28

      
9. Let a, b and c be three vectors such that a  b  b  c .   12.

Let a vector a be coplanar with vectors b  2 i  j  k
   

  
If magnitudes of the vectors a, b and c are 2,1 and 2     
and c  i  j k . If a is perpendicular to
 
respectively and the angle between b and c is
    
  d  3i  2 j  6 k, and a  10. Then a possible value of
 
  0     , then the value of   0     is equal
 2   2
to: (2021-07-27/Shift-2)         
 a b c    a d b    a c d  is equal to :
     
3 1
(a) (b) 2 (2021-07-22/Shift-2)
3
(a) –40 (b) –42
(c) 3 1 (d) 1 (c) –29 (d) –38
        13. Let a, b and c be distinct positive numbers. If the vectors
10. Let a  i   j   k, b  3 i   j   k and
       
 a i  a j  c k, i  k and c i  c j  b k are co-planar, then c

c  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ , where  and  are integers. If a.b  1
is equal to: (2021-07-25/Shift-2)
   
and b.c  10, then  
a  b .c is equal to ______. ab
(a) ab (b)
2
(2021-07-27/Shift-2)

   2
1 1
11. Let three vectors a , b and c be such that (c)  (d) 1 1
a b 
a b
      
a  b  c , b  c  a and a  2. Then which one of the
     
14. If a  2, b  5 and a  b  8 , then a . b is equal to:
following is not true? (2021-07-22/Shift-2)

   (2021-07-25/Shift-2)
(a) Projection of a on  b  c  is 2
  (a) 5 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 3
  2
(b) 3 a  b  2 c  51     
 
15. If  a  3 b  is perpendicular to
   

 7 a  5 b  and a  4b 
       
(c)  a b c    c a b   8   
    is perpendicular to  7 a  2 b  , then the angle between
 

        
(d) a    b  c    b  c    0 a and b (in degrees) is___ (2021-07-25/Shift-2)
   
  
16. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and b  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ . Let a vector  in
  
the plane containing a and b . If  is perpendicular to
 
the vector 3i  2ˆj  kˆ and its projection on a is 19 units,

2
then 2 is equal to _____ (2021-09-01/Shift-2)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 29
 
17. If the projection of the vector i  2j  k on the sum of the 22. Let a  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ and b  2iˆ  3jˆ  5kˆ .
   
two vectors 2i  4j  5k and i  2j  3k is 1, then  is If r  a  b  r, r  (ˆi  2ˆj  k)
ˆ  3 and
equal to _______. (2021-08-26/Shift-2)
 ˆ ˆ ˆ  1,   R , then the value of  | r |2
r  (2i  5j  k)
 
18. ˆ b  ˆi  3jˆ  kˆ and c  –iˆ  2jˆ  3kˆ
Let a  ˆi  5jˆ  k,
is equal to (2021-03-16/Shift-2)
  
be three vectors such that, b  c  5 3 and a is (a) 13 (b) 15
 (c) 9 (d) 11
perpendicular to b . Then the greatest amongst the values 

23. Let c be a vector perpendicular to the vectors a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
2
of a is ______. (2021-08-27/Shift-1)  
and b  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ . If c  (iˆ  ˆj  3k)
ˆ  8 then the value of
19. Let a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and b  ˆj  k.
ˆ If c is a vector such that   
c  (a  b) is equal to ___ (2021-03-16/Shift-2)
a  c  b and a.c  3 , then a.  b  c  is equal to :
24. Let a vector ˆi  ˆj be obtained by rotating the vector
(2021-08-26/Shift-1)
(a) -2 (b) 6 3iˆ  ˆj by an angle 45° about the origin in counter

(c) 2 (d) -6 clockwise direction in the first quadrant. Then the area of

      triangle having vertices  ,   ,  0,   and (0, 0) is equal

20. Let a and b be two vectors such that 2a  3b  3a  b
to (2021-03-16/Shift-1)

  1 1
and the angle between a and b is 60°. If a is a unit
8 (a) 1 (b)
2

vector, then b is equal to ? (2021-08-31/Shift-1)
1
(c) 2 2 (d)
(a) 5 (b) 8 2
(c) 4 (d) 6
25. Let the position vectors of two points P and Q be 3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ
  
21. Let a, b, c be three vectors mutually perpendicular to each
and ˆi  2ˆj  4kˆ , respectively. Let R and S be two points

other and have same magnitude. If a vector r satisfies
such that the direction ratios of lines PR and QS are (4, –1,
             2) and (–2, 1, –2), respectively. Let lines PR and QS
    
a  r  b  a  b   r  c   b  c   r  a   c  0 ,
intersect at T. If the vector TA is perpendicular to both

then r is equal to: (2021-08-31/Shift-2)
PR and QS and the length of vector TA is 5 units,
1    1    then the modulus of a position vector of A is
(a)
2

a  b  2c  (b)
2

2a  b  c 
(2021-03-16/Shift-1)

1    1    (a) 5 (b) 171

(c)
3

abc  (d)
2

abc 
(c) 227 (d) 482
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 30

26. Let O be the origin. Let OP  xiˆ  yjˆ  kˆ and p + 1 and 10, then a value of p is equal to :

OQ   ˆi  2ˆj  3xk,
ˆ x, y  R, (2021-03-18/Shift-1)
x  0 , be such that
4
PQ  20 and the vector OP is perpendicular to OQ. (a) 1 (b)
5
If OR  3iˆ  zjˆ  7k,
ˆ z  R, is coplanar with OP and
5
2 2 2
(c)  (d) –1
OQ, then the value of x  y  z is equal to : 4

(2021-03-17/Shift-2) 31. Let three vectors a, b and c be such that c is coplanar

(a) 1 (b) 9
with a and b, a  c  7 and b is perpendicular to c
(c) 2 (d) 7
27. Let x be a vector in the plane containing vectors where a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and b  2iˆ  kˆ , then the value of

a  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and b  ˆi  2ˆj  k.

ˆ If the vector x is 2
2 a  b  c is _________. (2021-02-24/Shift-1)
perpendicular to (3iˆ  2ˆj  k)
ˆ and its projection on a is
 
32. Let a  i  j  3k and b  3i  j  k.
 If the area of the
17 6 parallelogram whose adjacent sides are represented by the
, then the value of x 2 is equal to .................. .
2    
vectors a and b is 8 3 square units, then a  b is equal
(2021-03-17/Shift-2)
to: (2021-02-25/Shift-2)
 
Let a  2i  3j  4k and b  7i  j  6k .  
28. 33. Let ˆ b  ˆi  ˆj and c  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ be three
a  ˆi  2ˆj  k,
          
If r  a  r  b, r  i  2j  k  3, then r  2i  3j  k
given vectors. If r is a vector such that r  a  c  a and
       
r  b  0 , then r  a is equal to ____.
is equal to : (2021-03-17/Shift-1)
(a) 12 (b) 13 (2021-02-25/Shift-1)
 
(c) 10 (d) 8 34. If vectors a1  xiˆ  ˆj  kˆ and a 2  ˆi  yjˆ  zkˆ are
  collinear, then a possible unit vector parallel to the vector
29. Let a and b be two non-zero vectors perpendicular to each
     xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ is (2021-02-26/Shift-2)
other and | a |  | b | . If | a  b |  | a |, then the angle
     1 ˆ ˆ
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
between the vectors (a  b  (a  b)) and a is equal to :
(a) 
i  j k  (b)
2
ij  
3
(2021-03-18/Shift-2)

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1
 1 
(a) sin 1  
 1 
(b) cos 1  
(c)
3

i  j k  (d)
2
 ˆj  kˆ 
 6  3
      
 1  1  1 
35. If a and b are perpendicular, then a  a  a  a  b    is
(c) sin 1   (d) cos  
 3  2 equal to (2021-02-26/Shift-1)

30. A vector a has components 3p and 1 with respect to a  1 4
(a) 0 (b) a b
rectangular cartesian system. This system is rotated through 2
a certain angle about the origin in the counter clockwise
   4
sense. If, with respect to new system, a has components (c) a  b (d) a b
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 31
  
36. Let aˆ, bˆ be unit vectors. If c be a vector such that the 41. Let a  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
and c  2iˆ  3iˆ  2k . Then the
   
    number of vectors b such that b  c  a and
angle between â and c is , and bˆ  c  2  c  aˆ  , 
12 b  1, 2,........,10 is : (JEE Main 2022)
2
then 6c is equal to (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 0 (b) 1
 
(a) 6 3  3 (b) 3  3 (c) 2
 
(d) 3
42. Let a and b be the vectors along the diagonal of a
(c) 6  3  3  (d) 6  3 1 parallelogram having area 2 2. let the angle between
37. Let â and b̂ be two unit vectors such that       
a and b be acute. a  1 and a  b  a  b . If
 aˆ  bˆ   2  aˆ  bˆ   2. If    0,   is the angle   




c  2 2 a  b  2b , then the angle between b and c


between â and bˆ, then among the statements : is : (JEE Main 2022)
 S1 : 2 aˆ  bˆ  aˆ  bˆ  
(a) (b) 
4 4
1
 S 2  : The projection of 
â on aˆ  bˆ is2 (c)
5
(d)
3
(JEE Main 2022) 6 4
 
(a) Only (S1) is true 43. Let a   iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ and b  2iˆ   ˆj  kˆ, where
(b) Only (S2) is true   R. If the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent
(c) Both (S1) and (S2) are true  
sides are represented by the vectors a and b is
(d) Both (S1) and (S2) are false
 2   2
38. Let a  a1iˆ  a2 ˆj  a3 kˆ ai  0, i  1, 2, 3 be a vector 15  2  4  , then the value of 2 a  a  b b is  
which makes equal angles with the coordinates axes equal to (JEE Main 2022)

OX , OY and OZ . Also, let the projection of a on (a) 10 (b) 7
 (c) 9 (d) 14
the vector 3iˆ  4 ˆj be 7. Let b be a vector obtained by 
   44. Let a be a vector which is perpendicular to the vector
rotating a with 90 . If a , b and x-axis are coplanar,
 1ˆ 
then projection of a vector b on 3iˆ  4 ˆj is equal to 3iˆ 
2
 
j  2kˆ. If a  2iˆ  kˆ  2iˆ  13 ˆj  4kˆ, then the
(JEE Main 2022) 
projection of the vector a on the vector 2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ is
(a) 7 (b) 2
(c) 2 (d) 7 (JEE Main 2022)
      
39. If a  b  1, b  1, b  c  2 and c  a  3, then the value 1
(a) (b) 1
         3
     
of  a  b  c , b   c  a  , c  b  a  is :
5 7
(JEE Main 2022) (c) (d)
   3 3
(a) 0 (b) 6a  b  c    
      45. Let a   iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ, b  3iˆ   ˆj  4k and
(c) 12c  a  b   (d) 12b  c  a 

   c  iˆ  2 ˆj  2k ,  , R, be three vectors. If the
40. Let a  iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ, b  2iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ are c  iˆ  ˆj  k be
   10
three given vectors. Let v be a vector in the plane of projection of a on c is and
   2  3
a and b whose projection on c is . If v  ˆj  7,  
3 b  c  6iˆ  10 ˆj  7kˆ, then the value of    equal

 
then v  iˆ  kˆ is equal to (JEE Main 2022) to : (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 9
(c) 5 (d) 6
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 32

46. Let A, B, C be three points whose position vectors (JEE Main 2022)
respectively are : 3 2
 (a) (b)
a  iˆ  4 ˆj  3kˆ 4 3
 4 5
b  2iˆ   ˆj  4kˆ,   R (c) (d)
 5 6
c  3iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ  
51. Let a   i  j   k and b  3i  5 j  4kˆ be two
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
  
If  is the smallest positive integer for which a , b , c  
vectors, such that a  b  iˆ  9iˆ  12kˆ. Then the
ar e non-collinear, then the length of the median, in    
projection of b  2a on b  a is equal to
ABC , through A is : (JEE Main 2022)
(JEE Main 2022)
82 62
(a) (b) 39
2 2 (a) 2 (b)
5
69 66 46
(c) (d) (c) 9 (d)
2 2 5
 
47. Let ABC be a triangle such that BC  a ,  
        52. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ and b   i   ˆj  2kˆ.
ˆ If
CA  b , AB  c , a  6 2, b  6 3, and b  c  12  
consider the statements :
 a  b  iˆ   kˆ  232 , then b  2 ˆj is equal to

     (JEE Main 2022)

    
 S1 : a  b  c  b  c  6 2 2  1  (a) 4 (b) 5
 2 (c) 21 (d) 17
 S 2  : ABC  cos1   . Then  
 3 53. Let vector a has a magnitude 9. Let a vector b be
(JEE Main 2022) such that for every  x, y   R  R   0, 0  , the vector
(a) Both (S1) and (S2) are true  
(b) Only (S1) is true xa  yb is perpendicular to the vector
(c) Only (S2) is true    
(d) Both (S1) and (S2) are false  
6 ya  18 xb . Then the value of a  b is equal to :
 
48. Let a  iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and b be a vector such that (JEE Main 2022)
     (a) 9 3 (b) 27 3
a  b  2iˆ  kˆ and a  b  3. Then the projection of b
  (c) 9 (d) 81
on the vector a  b is :- (JEE Main 2022) 54. Let S be the set of all a  R for which the angle
2 3 
(a) (b) 2 between the vectors u  a  log e b  iˆ  6 j  3kˆ and
21 7 
v   log e b  iˆ  2 j  2a  loge b  kˆ,  b  1 is acute.
2 7 2
(c) (d) Then S is equal to: (JEE Main 2022)
3 3 3
   4
49. Let a   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and b  2iˆ  ˆj   kˆ, and   0. If (a)  – ,   (b) 
 3
 
the projection of a  b on the vector i  2 ˆj  2kˆ is  4   12 
(c)   , 0  (d)  ,  
30, then  is equal to (JEE Main 2022)  3   7 
  
15 55. ˆ
Let a  3iˆ  ˆj and b  iˆ  2 ˆj  k . Let c be a vector
(a) (b) 8
2
      
(c)
13
(d) 7
 
satisfying a  b  c  b   c . If b c are non-
2
 parallel, then the value of  is: (JEE Main 2022)
50. A vector a is parallel to the line of intersection of the
(a) 5 (b) 5
plane determined by the vectors iˆ, iˆ  ˆj and the plane
(c) 1 (d) –1
determined by the vectors iˆ  ˆj, iˆ  kˆ. The obtuse
 
angle between a and the vector b  iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ is
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 33

56. Let â and b̂ be two unit vectors such that the angle 2
(c) 2 (d) 
 3
between them is . If  is the angle between the
4 64. Let PQR be a triangle. The points A, B and C are on
vectors  aˆ  bˆ  and  aˆ  2bˆ  22  aˆ  bˆ  , then the the sides QR , RP and PQ respectively such that
QA RB PC 1 Area  PQR 
value of 164 cos 2  is equal to : (JEE Main 2022)    . Then is equal to
AR BP CQ 2 Area  ABC 
(a) 90  27 2 (b) 45  18 2
(JEE Main 2023)
(c) 90  3 2 (d) 54  90 2 (a) 4 (b) 3
  
57. Let a , b , c three coplanar concurrent vectors such that 5
(c) 2 (d)
angles between any two of them is same. If the product 2
  
of their magnitudes is 14 and 65. Let   4iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ and   iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ . Let 1 be
              
    
a  b  b  c  b  c   c  a    c  a   a  b  168   parallel to  and  2 be perpendicular to  . If
      
then a  b  c is equal to : (JEE Main 2022)   1   2 , then the value of 5 2  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ is  
(a) 10 (b) 14 (JEE Main 2023)
(c) 16 (d) 18 (a) 6 (b) 11
 
58. Let b  iˆ  ˆj   kˆ,   R. If a is a vector such that (c) 7 (d) 9
  
    66. Let a, b and c be three non zero vectors such that
a  b  13iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ and a  b  21  0, then  
            b c 
   
b  a  k  j  b  a  i  kˆ   is equal to b  c  0 and a  b  c  2

. If d be a vector such

(JEE Main 2022)        

   
that b  d  a  b , then a  b  c  d is equal to 
59. If a  2i  j  3k , b  3i  3 ˆj  kˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ and
   (JEE Main 2023)
c  c1iˆ  c2 ˆj  c3 kˆ are coplanar vectors and a  c  5, 3 1
  (a) (b)
b  c , then 122  c1  c2  c3  is equal to 4 2
(JEE Main 2022) 1 1
(c)  (d)
60. Given a  b  1 and a  b  3. If c be a vector 4 4

67. The vector a  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ is rotated through a right
 
such that c  a  2b  3 a  b , then 2c  b is equal
angle, passing through the y-axis in its way and the
to (JEE Main 2022)  
   
61. Let a , b , c be three non-coplanar vectors such that resulting vector is b . Then the projection of 3a  2b
         
on c  6iˆ  4 ˆj  3kˆ is
a  b  4c , b  c  9a and c  a   b ,   0. If
   1 500 499 498
a  b  c  , then  is equal to ……. 1  x   x 1  x   x 2 1  x   ...  x 500 is:
36
(JEE Main 2022) (JEE Main 2023)
 
62. Let a and b be two vectors such that (a) 3 2 (b) 1
 2 2 2    
a  b  a  2 b , a  b  3 and a  b  75. Then (c)6 (d) 2 3
2     
a is equal to ……….. (JEE Main 2022) 68. Let a  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ, a. b  1 and a  b  iˆ  ˆj . Then
    
63. Let u  iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ, v  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ, v .w  2 and a  6b is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
    
v  w  u  v . Then u.w is equal to
(JEE Main 2023) 
(a) 3 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  
(b) 3 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
3
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  (d) 3  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
2
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 34
 
69. If the vectors a   iˆ   ˆj  4 kˆ, b  2iˆ  4 ˆj  2 kˆ and (JEE Main 2023)
  (a) -24 (b) -48
c  2iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ are coplanar and the projection of a
 (c) -84 (d) -60
  
on the vector b is 54 units, then the sum of all 76. ˆ ˆ ˆ
Let a  2i  j  k , and b and c be two non zero
possible values of    is equal to        
vectors such that a  b  c  a  b  c and b . c  0 .
(JEE Main 2023)
(a) 0 (b) 6 Consider the following two statements:
  
(c) 24 (d) 18 (A) a   c  a for all   
 ˆ    
70. If a  i  2 k , b  i  j  k , c  7i  3 ˆj  4 kˆ,
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
(B) a and c are always parallel (JEE Main 2023)
        (a) only (B) is correct
r  b  b  c  0 and r . a  0 then r . c is equal to:
(JEE Main 2023) (b) neither (A) nor (B) is correct
(a) 34 (b) 12 (c) only (A) is correct
(c) 36 (d) 30 (d) both (A) and (B) are correct.
   
  77. Let a  iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ, b  iˆ  ˆj  2 kˆ and c  5iˆ  3 ˆj  3kˆ
71. Let a  4i  3 j and b  3i  4 j  5kˆ and c is a
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ

    be three vectors. If r is a vector such that,
 
vector such that c . a  b  25  0, c . iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  4        2
r  b  c  b and r . a  0 . Then 25 r is equal to
 
and projection of c on a is 1, then the projection of
  (JEE Main 2023)
c on b equals: (JEE Main 2023) (a) 449 (b) 336
5 1 (c) 339 (d) 560
(a) (b)   
2 5 78. Let a  2i  7 j  5k , b  i  k and c  iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ be
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
1 3 
(c) (d) three given vectors. If r is a vector such that
2 2       
r  a  c  a and r . b  0 , then r is equal to :
  
72. If a , b , c are three non-zero vectors and n̂ is a unit (JEE Main 2023)

vector perpendicular to c such that 11 11
 (a) 2 (b)
      7 7
a   b  nˆ,   0  and b . c  12 , then c  a  b is  
11 914
equal to: (JEE Main 2023) (c) 2 (d)
5 7
(a) 15 (b) 9  
(c) 12 (d) 6 79. Let a  5iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ and b  iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ be two vectors.
 Then which one of the following statements is TRUE?
73. A vector v in the first octant is inclined to the x-axis
at 60 , to the y-axis at 45 and to the z-axis at an (JEE Main 2023)
acute angle. If a plane passing through the points   17
(a) Projection of a on b is and the direction of
 35
 
2,1,1 and  a , b , c  is normal to v , then
the p
(JEE Main 2023)
  17
(a) 2a  b  c  1 (b) a  b  2c  1 (b) Projection of a on b is and the direction of
35
(c) a  2b  c  1 (d) 2a  b  c  1 the p
 
74. Let    , a   i  2 j  3k , b  i   ˆj  2 kˆ . If
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ

 17
      (c) Projection of a on b is and the direction of
     
a  b  a  b  a  b  8iˆ  40 ˆj  24kˆ , then 35
  the projection vector is opposite to the direction of
    
2
 a b  a b is equal to (JEE Main 2023) b
(a) 140 (b) 132   17
(d) Projection of a on b is and the direction of
(c) 144 (d) 136 35
   
75. Let a and b be two vectors. Let a  1, b  4 and the projection vector is opposite to the direction of

       b
a . b  2 . If  
c  2a  b  3b , then the value of b . c is
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 35
 
80. Let a  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ, b  iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ and 87. Let O be the origin and the position vector of the
  point P be iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ . If the position vectors of the
ˆ ˆ ˆ
c  i  4 j  3k . If d is a vector perpendicular to
     2 points A, B and C are 2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ, 2iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ and
both b and c , and a  d  18 , then a  d is equal to
4iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ respectively, then the projection of the
(JEE Main 2023) 
(a) 720 (b) 640 vector OP on a vector perpendicular to the vectors
 
(c) 680 (d) 760 AB and AC is (JEE Main 2023)
81. Let the position vectors of the points A, B, C and D be 10
5iˆ  5 ˆj  2 kˆ, iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ, 2iˆ   ˆj  4kˆ and (a) (b) 3
3
iˆ  5 ˆj  6kˆ . Let the set S     the points A, B, 7 8
(c) (d)
2 3 3
C and D are coplanar}. Then 

   2
S
is equal to
88. An arc PQ of a circle subtends a right angle at its
(JEE Main 2023) centre O . The mid point of the arc PQ is R . If
      
37 OP  u , OR  v and OQ   u   v , then  ,  2 are
(a) (b) 13
2 the roots of the equation (JEE Main 2023)
(c) 41 (d) 25 2
   (a) 3x  2 x  1  0 (b) x 2  x  2  0
82. Let the vectors a , b , c represent three coterminous (c) x 2  x  2  0 (d) 3x2  2 x  1  0
edges of a parallelopiped of volume V. Then the 89. If the points P and Q are respectively the
volume of the parallelopiped, whose coterminous
      circumcenter and the orthocentre of a ABC , then
  
edges are represented by a , b  c and a  2b  3c is
PA  PB  PC is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
equal to: (JEE Main 2023)  
(a) 6 V (b) 3 V (a) 2QP (b) 2PQ
 
(c) V (d) 2 V (c) PQ (d) QP
83. The sum of all values of  , for which the points   
whose position vectors are 90. Let a  2iˆ  7 ˆj  kˆ, b  3iˆ  5kˆ and c  iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ .
 
iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ, 2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ,   1 iˆ  2kˆ and Let d be a vector which is perpendicular to both a
    
9iˆ    8 ˆj  6kˆ are coplanar, is equal to  
and b , and c  d  12 . Then iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  c  d is 
(JEE Main 2023) equal to (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 2 (b) 4 (a) 24 (b) 44
(c) 2 (d) 6 (c) 48 (d) 42

84. If the points with position vectors 91. For any vector a  a1i  a2 ˆj  a3 kˆ ,
ˆ with
9 10 ai  1, i  1, 2,3, consider the following statements:
 iˆ  10 ˆj  13kˆ, 6iˆ  11 ˆj  11kˆ, iˆ   ˆj  8kˆ are
2 
2 (A): max  a1 , a2 , a3   a
collinear, then 19  6  is equal to 
(B): a  3max  a1 , a2 , a3  (JEE Main 2023)
(JEE Main 2023)
(a) 49 (b) 16 (a) Only (B) is true
(c) 36 (d) 25 (b) Neither (A) nor (B) is true
 ˆ ˆ  (c) Both (A) and (B) are true
85. Let the vectors u1  i  j  ak , u2  iˆ  bjˆ  kˆ and
ˆ
 (d) Only (A) is true
u3  ciˆ  ˆj  kˆ be coplanar. If the vectors   
  92. If four distinct points with position vectors a , b , c and
v1   a  b  iˆ  cjˆ  ckˆ, v2  aiˆ   b  c  ˆj  akˆ and    
d are coplanar, then  a b c  is equal to

v  biˆ  bjˆ   c  a  kˆ are also coplanar, then
3 (JEE Main 2023)
        
6  a  b  c  is equal to (JEE Main 2023) (a)  d c a   b d a   c d b 
    
(a) 12 (b) 6         
(c) 0 (d) 4 (b) b d a    a c d    d b c 
86. The area of the quadrilateral ABCD with vertices A (2,         
1, 1), B (1, 2, 5), C (–2, –3, 5) and D (1, –6, –7) is (c)  a d b    d c a    d b c 
equal to (JEE Main 2023)         
(d) b c d    d a c    d b a 
(a) 54 (b) 9 38
(c) 48 (d) 8 38
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 36
   
93. Let a , b, c be three distinct real numbers, none equal 100. Let a  iˆ  2 ˆj   kˆ, b  3iˆ  5 ˆj   kˆ, a  c  7,
to one. If the vectors aiˆ  ˆj  kˆ, iˆ  bjˆ  kˆ and        
2b  c  43  0, a  c  b  c . Then a. b is equal to
1 1 1
iˆ  ˆj  ckˆ are coplanar, then   is (JEE Main 2023)
1 a 1 b 1 c   
101. Let a , b and c be three non-zero non-coplanar
equal to (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 2 (b) -2 vectors. Let the position vectors of four points A, B, C
        
(c) -1 (d) 1 and D be a  b  c ,  a  3b  4c , a  2b  3c and
        
94. Let    , a   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and b  3iˆ  ˆj  2 kˆ . Let c 2a  4b  6c respectively. If AB, AC and AD are
      

be a vector such that a  b  c  c  0, a  c  17  coplanar, then  is:
 
(JEE Main 2023)
  102. Let a and b be two vector such that
 2


and b  c  20 . Then c   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ is equal to       2
a  14, b  6 and a  b  48 . Then a. b is  
(JEE Main 2023)
equal to ______. (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 49 (b) 62   
(c) 46 (d) 53 103. Let a, b , c be three vectors such that
 ˆ        
95. Let a  i  4 j  2 k , b  3i  2 ˆj  7 kˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ and  
a  31, 4 b  c  2 and 2 a  b  3  c  a  . If the
     
ˆ
c  2iˆ  ˆj  4k . If a vector d satisfies d  b  c  b   2
  2  ac 
  2 angle between b and c , then     is equal to
and d  a  24 , then d equal to (JEE Main 2023) 3  a. b 
(a) 413 (b) 323 _____. (JEE Main 2023)
(c) 423 (d) 313   
 104. Let v   iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ, w  2 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ , and u be a
  
96. Let a  2, b  3 and the angle between the vectors a vector such that u    0 . If the minimum value of
      2   
the scalar triple product u v w  is  3401 , and

and b be . Then a  2b  2a  3b
4
 
is equal to 
 2 m
(JEE Main 2023) u. iˆ  where m and n are coprime natural
(a) 441 (b) 882 n
(c) 482 (d) 841 numbers, then m  n is equal to ____ .
97. Let for a triangle ABC, (JEE Main 2023)
   
AB  2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ 105. Let a  6i  9 j  12k , b   i  11 j  2kˆ and c be
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
    
CB   iˆ   ˆj   kˆ vectors such that a c  a b . If
    ˆ 
CA  4iˆ  3 ˆj   kˆ  ˆ  ˆ 
a  c  12, c  i  2 ˆj  k  5 , then c  iˆ  ˆj  k is

If   0 and the area of the triangle ABC is 5 6 , then equal to ____. (JEE Main 2023)
   ˆ  
CB  CA is equal to (JEE Main 2023) 106. Let a  i  2 j  3k and b  i  j  kˆ . If c is a vector
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
     
(a) 108 (b) 54 such that a. c  11, b .  a  c   27 and b . c   3 b ,
(c) 60 (d) 120
 2
98. Let S be the set of all   ,   for which the vectors then a  c is equal to _____. (JEE Main 2023)
  
 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ, iˆ  2 ˆj   kˆ and 3iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ , where 107. Let a  3iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and c  2iˆ  3 ˆj  3kˆ . If b is a
   2
    5 , are coplanar, then  
80    2
2
 is vector such that a  b  c and b  50 , then
 
, S  
equal to (JEE Main 2023) 72  b  c is equal to ____. (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 2130 (b) 2290
(c) 2210 (d) 2370
99. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral. If E and F are the mid
points of the diagonals AC and BD respectively and
 AB  BC    AD  DC   k FE , then k is equal to
(JEE Main 2023)
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d) 4
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 37

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 1

3
deleted from JEE Main (c)
2
(d)
3
3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 113*. Let the plane passing through the point (–1,0, –2) and
perpendicular to each of the planes 2x + y – z = 2 and
108*. Let P be a plane passing through the points (1, 0, 1),
   
x – y – z = 3 be ax  by  cz  8  0 , then the value of
(1, –2, 1) and (0, 1, –2). Let a vector a   i   j   k be a + b + c is equal to: (2021-07-27/Shift-1)
 (a) 8 (b) 4
such that a is parallel to the plane P, perpendicular to
(c) 3 (d) 5
   
   114. Let a plane P pass through the point (3,7, –7) and contain
 i  2 j 3 k  and a .  i  j  2 k   2, then       2
    x 2 y3 z  2
the line,   . If distance of the plane P
equals ____. (2021-07-20/Shift-1) 3 2 1
109. If the shortest distance between the lines from the origin is d, then d2 is equal to ______.

   
(2021-07-27/Shift-1)
  
r1   i  2 j  2 k    i  2 j  2 k  ,   R,   0
  115. For real numbers  and   0, if the point of intersection

x   y 1 z 1
       of the straight lines   and
and r2  4 i  k    3 i  2 j  2 k  ,   R is 9, then  is 1 2 3
 
equal to ______. (2021-07-20/Shift-1) x 4 y6 z7
  , lies on the plane x  2y  z  8,
 3 3
110. The lines x  ay  1  z  2 and x = 3y – 2 = bz – 2,
(ab  0) are coplanar, if ? (2021-07-20/Shift-2) then    is equal to: (2021-07-27/Shift-2)
(a) 5 (b) 3
(a) b  1, a  R  0 (b) a  2, b  3
(c) 7 (d) 9
(c) a  2, b  2 (d) a  1, b  R  0 116*. The distance of the point P(3, 4, 4) from the point of
111. Consider the line L given by the equation intersection of the line joining the points Q(3, –4, –5) and
R(2, –3, 1) and the plane 2x  y  z  7, is equal to ______.
x  3 y  1 z  2 . Let Q be the mirror image of the
  (2021-07-27/Shift-2)
2 1 1
point (2, 3, –1) with respect to L. Let a plane P be such that   
it passes through Q, and the line L is perpendicular to P. 117*. Let L be the line of intersection of planes r.  i  j  2 k   2
 
Then which of the following points is on the plane P ?
(2021-07-20/Shift-2)    
and r.  2 i  j  k   2. If P  , ,   is the foot of
(a) (1, 2, 2) (b) (–1, 1, 2)  
(c) (1, 1, 1) (d) (1, 1, 2) perpendicular on L from the point (1, 2, 0), then the value
112*. Let the foot of perpendicular from a point P 1, 2, 1 to of 35        is equal to : (2021-07-22/Shift-2)

(a) 134 (b) 119

x y z
the straight line L    be N. Let a line be drawn
1 0 1 (c) 143 (d) 101
118. If the shortest distance between the straight lines
from P parallel to the plane x  y  2z  0 which meets L
at point Q. If  is the acute angle between the lines PN 3  x  1  6  y  2   2  z  1 and
and PQ, then cos  is equal to ______________ ?
1
(2021-07-25/Shift-1) 4  x  2   2  y      z  3 ,   R is , then the
38
1 1 integral value of  is equal to : (2021-07-22/Shift-2)
(a) (b)
2 3 5 (a) –1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 5
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 38

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are

deleted from JEE Main
x k y2 z3
119. If the lines   and
1 2 3

x 1 y  2 z  3
  are co-planar, then the value of k is
3 2 1
_____________. (2021-07-25/Shift-2)
120. The distance of line 3y  2z  1  0  3x  z  4 from the (a) 5 3 (b) 5
point  2, 1, 6  is (2021-09-01/Shift-2)
(c) 2 10 (d) 5 2

(a) 2 6 (b) 4 2 2
125*. Equation of a plane at a distance from the origin,
(c) 2 5 (d) 26 21
which contains the line of intersection of the planes
121*. Let the acute angle bisector of the two planes
x – y – z –1  0 and 2x  y – 3z  4  0, is :
x  2y  2z  1  0 and 2x  3y  6z  1  0 be the plane
(2021-08-27/Shift-1)
P. Then which of the following points lies on P
(a) –x  2y  2z – 3  0 (b) 3x – 4z  3  0
(2021-09-01/Shift-2)
(c) 3x – y – 5z  2  0 (d) 4x – y – 5z  2  0
 1
(a)  4, 0, 2  (b)  2, 0,   126*. The distance of the point (1, –2, 3) from the plane
 2
x – y + z = 5 measured parallel to a line, whose direction
ratios are 2, 3, –6 is: (2021-08-27/Shift-1)
 1
(c)  3,1,   (d)  0, 2, 4  (a) 2 (b) 5
 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
122. Let Q be the foot of the perpendicular from the point
127. Let the line L be the projection of the line :
P(7, –2, 13) on the plane containing the lines,

x  1 y 1 z  3 x 1 y  2 z  3 x 1 y  3 z  4
    .  
and 2 1 2
6 7 8 3 5 7

Then (PQ)2 , is equal to _______. (2021-08-26/Shift-2) In the plane x  2y  z  3. If d is the distance of the point
(0, 0, 6) from L, then d2 is equal to _____.
123. Let P be the plane passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and
 (2021-08-26/Shift-1)
 
the line of intersection of the planes r. i  j  4k  16 and 128*. A plane P contains the line x + 2y + 3z + 1 = 0
 = x – y – z – 6, and is perpendicular to the plane
 
r. i  j  k  6. Then which of the following points lie 2x  y  z  8  0. Then which of the following points lies
on P? (2021-08-26/Shift-2) on P? (2021-08-26/Shift-1)
(a) (3, 3, 2) (b) (-8, 8, 6) (a) (1, 0, 1) (b) (2, –1, 1)
(c) (4, 2, 2) (d) (6, 6, 2) (c) (–1, 1, 2) (d) (0, 1,1)
124. A hall has a square floor of dimension 10m × 10m (see the 129. The angle between the straight lines, whose direction
figure) and vertical walls. If the angle GPH between the cosines are given by the equation 2l  2m  n  0 and
1 mn  nl  lm  0, is : (2021-08-27/Shift-2)
diagonals AG and BH is cos 1 , then the height of the
5
 1  4 
hall (in meters) is: (2021-08-26/Shift-2) (a) (b)   cos  
3 9

1  8  
(c) cos   (d)
9 2
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 39

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 136. If the foot of the perpendicular from point (4, 3, 8) on the
deleted from JEE Main x a y2 zb
line L1 :   , l  0 is (3, 5, 7), then the
130. Let S be the mirror image of the point Q (1,3,4) with respect l 3 4
shortest distance between the line L1 and line
to the plane 2x  y  z  3  0 and let R  3,5,   be a point
x 2 y4 z 5
on this plane. Then the square of the length of the line L2 :   is equal to
segment SR is _______. (2021-08-27/Shift-2) 3 4 5
(2021-03-16/Shift-2)
131*. The equation of the plane passing through the line of
    1 1
intersection of the planes r.  i  j  k   1 and (a) (b)
3 2
 
1 2
     (c) (d)
r.  2 i  3 j  k   4  0 and parallel to the x-axis is : 6 3
 
137. If (x, y, z) be an arbitrary point lying on a plane P which
(2021-08-27/Shift-2) passes through the points (42, 0, 0), (0, 42, 0) and
(0, 0, 42), then the value of the expression
     
(a) r.  i  3k   6  0 (b) r.  j  3k   6  0 x  11 y  19
    3 2 2

(y  19) (z  12) (x  11) 2 (z  12) 2
     
(c) r.  i  3k   6  0 (d) r.  j  3k   6  0 z  12 xyz
   
  2
(x  11) (y  19) 2
14(x  11)(y  19)(z  12)
132. The square of the distance of the point of intersection of is equal to (2021-03-16/Shift-2)
x 1 y  2 z 1 (a) 3 (b) 0
the line   and the plane 2x  y  z  6
2 3 6 (c) –45 (d) 39
from the point (–1, –1, 2) is _________ ? 138*. If the distance of the point (1, –2, 3) from the plane
(2021-08-31/Shift-1) x + 2y – 3z + 10 = 0 measured parallel to the line
133*. Let the equation of the plane, that passes through the point x 1 2  y z  3 7
(1, 4, –3) and contains the line of intersection of the planes   is , then the value of |m| is equal
3 m 1 2
3x  2y  4z  7  0 and x  5y  2z  9  0, be to ____. (2021-03-16/Shift-2)
x  y  Z  3  0 then      is equal to ? 139*. Let P be plane lx  my  nz  0 containing the line,
(2021-08-31/Shift-1)
1 x y  4 z  2
(a) –15 (b) 15   . If plane P divides the line segment
1 2 3
(c) –23 (d) 23
134*. The distance of the point (–1, 2, –2) from the line of intersection AB joining points A  3,  6, 1 and B  2, 4,  3 in ratio
of the planes 2x + 3y + 2z = 0 and x – 2y + z = 0 is: k : 1 then the value of k is equal to
(2021-08-31/Shift-2) (2021-03-16/Shift-1)
42 5 (a) 4 (b) 3
(a) (b)
2 2 (c) 1.5 (d) 2
140*. If for a > 0, the feet of perpendiculars from the points
1 34
(c)
2
(d)
2 A  a,  2a, 3 and B  0, 4, 5  on the plane lx + my + nz = 0
are points C  0, a,  1 and D respectively, then the length
x2 y2 z2
135. Suppose the line   lies on the plane
of line segment CD is equal to (2021-03-16/Shift-1)
 5 2

x  3y  2z    0 , then      is equal to ____ (a) 66 (b) 41

(2021-08-31/Shift-2) (c) 55 (d) 31

VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 40

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are equal to _______. (2021-03-18/Shift-2)

deleted from JEE Main 148*. The equation of the planes parallel to the plane
141*. If the equation of plane passing through the mirror image x  2y  2z  3  0 which are at unit distance from the
of a point (2, 3, 1) with respect to line
point (1, 2, 3) is ax  by  cz  d  0 .
x 1 y  3 z  2
  and containing the line
2 1 1 If  b  d   K  c  a  , then the positive value of K is
...................... . (2021-03-18/Shift-1)
x  2 1 y z 1
  is x  y  z  24, then
3 2 1 149*. Let the plane ax  by  cz  d  0 bisect the line joining
     is equal to : (2021-03-17/Shift-2) the points (4, –3, 1) and (2, 3, –5) at the right angles. If
a,b,c,d are integers, then the minimum value of
(a) 19 (b) 18
(a 2  b 2  c2  d 2 ) is .................. .
(c) 21 (d) 20
142*. Let P be an arbitrary point having sum of the squares of (2021-03-18/Shift-1)

the distances from the planes x  y  z  0, lx  nz  0 150. Let a.b  R . If the mirror image of the point P(a, 6, 9)

and x  2y  z  0, equal to 9. If the locus of the point P is x  3 y  2 z 1

with respect to the line   is
7 5 9
x 2  y 2  z 2  9, then the value of l – n is equal to
................. . (2021-03-17/Shift-2)  20, b, a  9  , then a  b is equal to

143*. The equation of the plane which contains the y-axis and (2021-02-24/Shift-2)
passes through the point (1, 2, 3) is : (a) 88 (b) 84
(2021-03-17/Shift-1) (c) 90 (d) 86
(a) 3x + z = 6 (b) x + 3z = 0 151*. The vector equation of the plane passing through the
(c) x + 3z = 10 (d) 3x – z = 0 
intersection of the planes r  (iˆ  ˆj  k) ˆ  1 and
144*. If the equation of the plane passing through the line of 
intersection of the planes r  (iˆ  2j)
ˆ  2 , and the point (1, 0, 2) is:
2x  7y  4z  3  0,3x  5y  4z  11  0 and the point (2021-02-24/Shift-2)
(–2, 1, 3) is ax  by  cz  7  0 , then the value of  
(a) r  (iˆ  7ˆj  3k)
ˆ 7 (b) r  (3iˆ  7ˆj  3k)
ˆ 7
2a + b + c – 7 is ……………. . (2021-03-17/Shift-1)
 
 b  i  j  k and c  i  2j  k
If a  i  j  3k,  
ˆ 7
145. ˆ 7
(c) r  (iˆ  7ˆj  3k) (d) r  (iˆ  7ˆj  3k)
3 3
    1   
Such that a  b  1 and b  c  3 , then
3

a  b  c is   152*. Let  be an integer. If the shortest distance between the
equal to …………… . (2021-03-17/Shift-1) lines x    2y  1  2z and x  y  2  z   is
146*. Let the mirror image of the point (1,3,a) with respect to
7
 ˆ  b  0 be  3, 5, 2  . Then, the , then the value of  is ____.
the plane r  (2iˆ  ˆj  k) 2 2

value of a  b is equal to _______. (2021-02-24/Shift-2)

(2021-03-18/Shift-2) 153. The distance of the point (1, 1, 9) from the point of

x 1 y  6 z  5 x 3 y4 z5
147*. Let P be a plane containing the line   intersection of the line   and the plane
3 4 2 1 2 2
x  y  z  17 is (2021-02-24/Shift-1)
x 3 y2 z5
and parallel to the line   . If the point
4 3 7
(a) 2 19 (b) 38
1,  1,   lies on the plane, P, then the value of | 5 | is
(c) 19 2 (d) 38
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 41

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are x y 1 z  2

x y 1 z  2  
deleted from JEE Main (a)   (b)
3 4 3
3 4 3
154*. The equation of the plane passing through the point
x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
(1, 2, –3) and perpendicular to the planes 3x  y  2z  5 (c)   (d)  
3 4 3 3 4 3
and 2x  5y  z  7, is (2021-02-24/Shift-1)
159*. If the mirror image of the point (1, 3, 5) with respect to the
(a) 6x  5y  2z  10  0 (b) 6x  5y  2z  2  0
plane 4x  5y  2z  8 is  , ,   , then 5       
(c) 3x  10y  2z  11  0 (d) 11x  y  17z  38  0 equals : (2021-02-26/Shift-2)
155*. A plane passes through the points A(1,2,3), B(2,3,1) and (a) 39 (b) 41
C(2,4,2). If O is the origin and P is (2, –1, 1), then the (c) 47 (d) 43

projection of OP on this plane is of length: 160*. Let L be a line obtained from the intersection of two planes
(2021-02-25/Shift-2) x  2y  z  6 and y  2z  4 . If point P  , ,   is the

2 2 foot of perpendicular from (3, 2, 1) on L, then the value of

(a) (b)
3 5 21       equals: (2021-02-26/Shift-2)

(a) 68 (b) 102

2 2
(c) (d) (c) 142 (d) 136
7 11
156. A line ‘l’ passing through origin is perpendicular to the 161. If 1,5,35  ,  7,5,5  , 1, ,7  and  2,1, 2  are coplanar,,
lines then the sum of all possible values of  is :
 (2021-02-26/Shift-1)
l1 : r   3  t  i   1  2t  j   4  2t  k
 44 39
l2 : r   3  2s  i   3  2s  j   2  s  k (a)
5
(b)
5
If the co-ordinates of the point in the first octant on ‘l2’ at
44 39
a distance of 17 from the point of intersection of ‘l’ and (c)  (d) 
5 5
‘l1’ are (a,b,c), then 18 (a + b + c) is equal to:
162*. Consider the three planes
(2021-02-25/Shift-2)
157. Let  be the angle between the lines whose direction cosines P1 : 3x  15y  21z  9

satisfy the equations l  m  n  0 and l 2  m 2  n 2  0 . P2 : x  3y  z  5, and

Then the value of sin 4   cos4  is:
P3 : 2x  10y  14z  5
(2021-02-25/Shift-1)
Then, which one of the following is true?
5 3 (2021-02-26/Shift-1)
(a) (b)
8 4 (a) P1 and P2 are parallel

3 (b) P1, P2 and P3 are parallel

1
(c) (d) (c) P1 and P3 are parallel
2 8
(d) P2 and P3 are parallel
158. The equation of the line through the point (0, 1, 2) and
163*. Let (, 2, 1) be a point on the plane which passes through
x 1 y 1 z 1
perpendicular to the line   is: the point (4, –2, 2). If the plane is perpendicular to the line
2 3 2
joining the points (–2, –21, 29) and (–1, –16, 23), then
(2021-02-25/Shift-1) 2
   4
    4 is equal to ____ . (2021-02-26/Shift-1)
 11  11
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 42

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 171. *Let P1 : r   2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ   4 be a plane. Let P2 be
deleted from JEE Main another plane which passes through the points
164. Let a line having direction ratios 1, 4, 2 intersect the  2, 3, 2  2, 2, 3 and 1, 4, 2  . If the direction
x  7 y 1 z  2 x y 7 z ratios of the line of intersection of P1 and P2 be
lines   and   at the
3 1 1 2 3 1 16,  ,  , then the value of    is equal to …….. .
point A and B . Then  AB  is equal to …..
2
(JEE Main 2022)
(JEE Main 2022) 172. The line of shortest distance the lines
165. If the shortest distance between the line x  2 y 1 z x  3 y  5 z 1
   and   makes an
  
r  iˆ  3kˆ   iˆ  ajˆ  and 0 1 1 2 2 1
 2 
 cos 1 
    
2 angle of with the plane
r   ˆj  2kˆ   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ is , then the integral  27 
3
value of a is equal to (JEE Main 2022) P : ax  y  z  0,  a  0  . Then number of integral of
166. Let the line ' a ' for plane P is equal to …… .

 
L1 : r   iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ ,   R (JEE Main 2022)
 173. Let Q and R be two points on the line
   
L2 : r  iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ   iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ ;   R
x  1 y  2 z 1
  at a distance 26 from the
Intersect at the point S. If a plane 2 3 2
ax  by  z  d  0 passes through S and is parallel point P  4, 2,7  . Then the square of the area of the
to both the lines L1 and L2 then the value of a  d is triangle PQR is …….. . (JEE Main 2022)
equal to ………. (JEE Main 2022) 174. *The largest value of a for which the perpendicular
distance of the plane containing the lines
167. Let l1 be the line in xy-plane with x and y intercepts 
1 1
  
ra  iˆ  ˆj   iˆ  ajˆ  kˆ  and
respectively, and l2 be 
 
and line in zx-
8 4 2
the
 
r  iˆ  ˆj   iˆ  ˆj  akˆ from the point  2,1, 4 
1 1 is 3, is …… . (JEE Main 2022)
plane with x and z intercepts  and 
8 6 3
175. *The plane passing through the line
respectively. If d is the shortest distance between the
line l1 and l2 then d 2 is equal to L : x  y  3 1    z  1, x  2 y  z  2 and

(JEE Main 2022) perpendicular to the plane 3x  2 y  z  6 is

168. Let the mirror image of the point  a, b, c  with
3 x  8 y  7 z  4. If  is the acute angle between the
respect to the plane 3 x  4 y  12 z  19  0 be
line L and y -axis, then 415 cos 2  is equal to
 a  6,  ,   . If a  b  c  5, then 7   9 is equal
to ...... (JEE Main 2022) ……… (JEE Main 2022)
169. Let the image of the point P 1, 2,3 in the line x3 y 2 z 3
176. *Let the line   intersect the plane
x  6 y 1 z  2 7 1 4
L:   be Q . Let R  ,  ,   be a
3 2 3 x  4 y 1 z
point that divides internally the line segment PQ in containing the line   and
1 2 1
the ratio 1: 3. Then the value of 22       is
4ax  y  5 z  7 a  0  2 x  5 y  z  3, a   at the
equal to (JEE Main 2022)
170. *Let d be the distance between the foot of point P  ,  ,   . Then the value of     
perpendiculars of the points P 1, 2, 1 and
equals …… . (JEE Main 2022)
Q  2, 1,3 on the plane  x  y  z  1. Then d 2 is
equal to ___ (JEE Main 2022)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 43

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are position vectors of the points X and Y be iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ
deleted from JEE Main and 5iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ respectively. Then the points (JEE
 56 43 111  Main 2022)
177. Let P  2, 1,1 and Q  , ,  be the vertices
 17 17 17  (a) X and X  Y are on the same side of P
of the rhombus PQRS . If the direction ratios of the (b) Y and Y  X are on the opposite sides of P
diagonal RS are  , 1,  where both  and  are (c) X and Y are on the opposite sides of P
(d) X  Y and X  Y are on the same side of P
integers of minimum absolute values, then  2   2
x  2 y 1
is equal to …….. . (JEE Main 2022) 183. If the two lines l1 :  , z  2 and
3 2
178. Let a line with direction ratios 4a, 7 be
x 1 2 y  3 z  5
perpendicular to the lines with direction ratios l2 :   perpendicular, then an
1  2
3, 1, 2b and b, a, 2. If the point of intersection of
1 x 2 y 1 z
x 1 y2 z angle between the lines l2 and l3 :  
the line   and the plane 3 4 4
a 2  b 2 a 2  b2 1
is : (JEE Main 2022)
x  y  z  0 is  ,  ,   , then      is equal to  29   29 
(a) cos 1   (b) sec 1  
……… . (JEE Main 2022)  4   4 
179. If the shortest distance between the lines
 2   2 
x 1 y  2 z  3 x2 y 4 z 5 (c) cos 1   (d) cos 1  
  and   is  29   29 
2 3  1 4 5
184. *Let the plane 2 x  3 y  z  20  0 be rotated
1
, then the sum of all possible values of  is : through a right angle about its line of intersection
3
with the plane x  3 y  5 z  8. If the mirror of the
(JEE Main 2022)
(a) 16 (b) 6  1 
point  2,  , 2  in the rotated plane is B  a, b, c  ,
(c) 12 (d) 15  2 
180. *Let the points on the plane P be equidistant from then : (JEE Main 2022)
the points  4, 2,1 and  2, 2,3 . Then the acute a b c
(a)  
a b c
(b)  
8 5 4 4 5 2
angle between the plane P and the plane
2 x  y  3 z  1 is a b c a b c
(c)   (d)  
(JEE Main 2022) 8 5 4 4 5 2
  185. *If the plane 2 x  y  5 z  0 is rotated about its line
(a) (b)
6 4 of intersection with the plane 3 x  y  4 z  7  0 by
 5 
(c) (d) an angle of , then the plane after the rotation
3 12 2
181. *Let Q be the mirror image of the point P 1, 0,1 passes through the point : (JEE Main 2022)
(a)  2, 2, 0  (b)  2, 2,0 
with respect to the plane S : x  y  z  5. If a line L
passing through 1, 1, 1 , parallel to the line PQ (c) 1, 0, 2  (d)  1,0, 2 

meets the plane S at R, then QR 2 is equal to : 186. *If the lines     and
r  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   3 ˆj  kˆ

(JEE Main 2022) r   iˆ  ˆj     2iˆ  3kˆ  are coplanar, then distance
(a) 2 (b) 5
(c) 7 (d) 11 of the plane containing these two lines from the point
182. *Let P be the plane passing through the intersection  , 0, 0  is : (JEE Main 2022)
 
of the plane  
r  iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ  5 and r. (a)
2
(b)
2
9 11
 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   3, and the point  2,1, 2  . Let the
4
(c) (d) 2
11
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 44

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are  

(c) (d)
6 12
deleted from JEE Main  
187. If two straight lines whose direction cosines are 192. *Le the plane P : r  a  d contain the line of

given by relations l  m  n  0, 3l 2  m 2  cnl  0  
intersection of two planes r  iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ  6 and
are parallel, then the positive value of c is : 
(JEE Main 2022)  
r 6i  5 ˆj  kˆ  7. If the plane P passes through
(a) 6 (b) 4 2
 1 13a
(c) 3 (d) 2 the point  2,3,  , then the value of is equal
 2 d2
188. *Let the foot of the perpendicular from the point
to (JEE Main 2022)
x  2 y 1 z  1
1, 2, 4  on the line   be P. Then (a) 90 (b) 93
4 2 3
(c) 95 (d) 97
the distance of P from the plane
193. *Let the plane ax  by  cz  d pass through
3 x  4 y  12 z  23  0 (JEE Main 2022)
50
 2,3, 5 and is perpendicular to the planes
(a) 5 (b) 2 x  y  5 z  10 and 3 x  5 y  7 z  12. If a , b, c, d
13
63 are integers d  0 and gcd  a , b , c , d   1, then
(c) 4 (d)
13 the value of a  7b  c  20d is equal to
189. The shortest distance between the lines (JEE Main 2022)
x  3 y  2 z 1 x 3 y 6 z 5 (a) 18 (b) 20
  and   is :
2 3 1 2 1 3 (c) 24 (d) 22
(JEE Main 2022) 194. *If the mirror image of the point  2, 4, 7  in the
18 22
(a) (b) plane 3 x  y  4 z  2 is  a, b, c  , then 2a  b  2c is
5 3 5
equal to : (JEE Main 2022)
46
(c) (d) 6 3 (a) 54 (b) 50
3 5
(c) 6 (d) 42
190. *If two distinct point Q , R lie on the line of
x  2 y 1 z  3
intersection of the planes  x  2 y  z  0 and 195. *Let   lie on the plane
3 2 1
3x  5 y  2 z  0 and 3x  5 y  2 z  0 and px  qy  z  5, for some p, q  R. The shortest
PQ  PR  18 where the point P is 1, 2,3 , distance of the plane from the origin is :
then the area of the triangle PQR is equal to (JEE Main 2022)
(JEE Main 2022) 3 5
(a) (b)
2 4 109 142
(a) 38 (b) 38
3 3 5 1
(c) (d)
8 152 71 142
(c) 38 (d)
3 3 196. *Let Q be the mirror image of the point P 1, 2,1
191. *The acute angle between the planes P1 and P2 , with respect to the plane x  2 y  2 z  16. Let T be
when P1 and P2 are the planes passing through the a plane passing through the point Q and contains the

intersection of the planes 5 x  8 y  13 z  29  0 and  
line r  kˆ   iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ ,   R. Then, which of
8 x  7 y  z  20  0 and the points  2,1, 3 and the following points lies on T ? (JEE Main 2022)
 0,1, 2  , respectively, is (JEE Main 2022) (a)  2,1, 0  (b) 1, 2,1
  (c) 1, 2, 2  (d) 1,3, 2 
(a) (b)
3 4
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 45

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 202. If the length of the perpendicular drawn from the
point P  a, 4, 2  , a  0 on the line
deleted from JEE Main
197. *Let P be the plane containing the straight line x 1 y  3 z 1
  is 2 6 units and Q 1 ,  2 ,  3 
2 3 1
x 3 y  4 z 7
  and perpendicular to the plane is the image of the point P in this line, then
9 1 5
3
x y z     i is equal to (JEE Main 2022)
containing the straight lines   and i 1
2 3 5
(a) 7 (b) 8
x y z
  . If d is the distance of P from the point (c) 12 (d) 14
3 7 8
203. *If the line of intersection of the planes ax  by  3
 2, 5,11 , then d 2 is equal to : (JEE Main 2022)
and ax  by  cz  0, a  0 makes an angle 30° with
147
(a) (b) 96 the plane y  z  2  0, then the direction cosines of
2
the line are : (JEE Main 2022)
32
(c) (d) 54 1 1 1 1
3 (a) , ,0 (b) , ,0
2 2 2 2
198. *A plane E is perpendicular to the two planes
1 2 1 3
2x  2 y  z  0 and x  y  2 z  4, and passes (c) , ,0 (d) , ,0
5 5 2 2
through the point P 1, 1,1 . If the distance of the
204. *The foot of the perpendicular from a point on the
plane E from the point Q  a, a, 2  is 3 2, then circle x 2  y 2  1, z  0 to the plane 2 x  3 y  z  6
 PQ 
2
is equal to (JEE Main 2022) lies on which one of the following curves?
(JEE Main 2022)
(a) 9 (b) 12
(a)  6 x  5 y  12   4  3 x  7 y  8   1, z  6  2 x  3 y
2 2
(c) 21 (d) 33
199. The shortest distance between the lines (b)  5 x  6 y  12   4  3 x  5 y  9   1, z  6  2 x  3 y
2 2

x7 y 6 7 x
  z and  y  2  z  6 is
(c)  6 x  5 y  14   9  3x  5 y  7   1, z  6  2 x  3 y
2 2
6 7 2
(JEE Main 2022)
(d)  5 x  6 y  14   9  3 x  7 y  8   1, z  6  2 x  3 y
2 2

(a) 2 29 (b) 1
x 1 y  2 z 3
(c)
37
(d)
29 205. *Let the lines   and
29 2  1 2
x  26 y  18 z  28
200. *The length of the perpendicular from the point   be coplanar and P be the
1, 2,5 on the line passing through 1, 2, 4  and 2 3 
plane containing these two lines. Then which of the
parallel to the line x  y  z  0  x  2 y  3 z  5 is : following points does NOT lies on P ?
(JEE Main 2022) (JEE Main 2022)
21 9 (a)  0, 2, 2  (b)  5, 0, 1
(a) (b)
2 2 (c)  3, 1, 0  (d)  0, 4,5 
73
(c) (d) 1 206. *A plane P is parallel to two lines whose direction
2 ratios are 2,1, 3, and 1, 2, 2 and it contains the
201. *If the plane P passes through the intersection of pint  2, 2, 2  . Let P intersect the coordinate axes
two mutually perpendicular planes 2 x  5 y  5 z  1
at the point A, B, C making the intercepts  ,  ,  . If
and 3kx  ky  z  5, k  3 and intercepts a unit
V is the volume of the tetrahedron OABC, where
length on positive x -axis, then the intercept made by
O is the origin and p       , then the ordered
the plane P on the y -axis is (JEE Main 2022)
pair V , p  is equal to (JEE Main 2022)
1 5
(a)
11
(b)
11 (a)  48, 13 (b)  24, 13
(c) 6 (d) 7 (c)  48,11 (d)  24, 5 
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 46

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are (a) 5 6 (b) 4 6

deleted from JEE Main (c) 2 6 (d) 3 6
207. *If the foot of the perpendicular from the point 213*. If the foot of the perpendicular drawn from 1,9, 7  to

A  1, 4,3 on the plane P : 2 x  my  nz  4, is the line passing through the point  3, 2,1 and
parallel to the planes x  2 y  z  0 and 3 y  z  3
 7 3
 2, ,  , then the distance of the point A from is  ,  ,   , then      is equal to
 2 2
(JEE Main 2023)
the plane P, measured parallel to a line with
(a) –1 (b) 3
direction ratios 3, 1, 4, is equal to : (c) 1 (d) 5
214. Consider the lines L1 and L2 given by
(JEE Main 2022)
x 1 y  3 z  2
(a) 1 (b) 26 L1 :  
2 1 2
(c) 2 2 (d) 14 x  2 y  2 z 3
L2 :  
1 2 3
208. *Let Q be the foot of perpendicular drawn from the
A line L3 having direction ratios 1, 1, 2 , intersects
point P 1, 2,3 to the plane x  2 y  z  14. If R is
L1 and L2 at the points P and Q respectively.
a point on the plane such that PRQ  60 , then the
area of PQR is equal to : (JEE Main 2022) Then the length of line segment PQ is

3 (JEE Main 2023)

(a) (b) 3 (a) 2 6 (b) 3 2
2
(c) 2 3 (d) 3 (c) 4 3 (d) 4
209. If  2,3,9  ,  5, 2,1 , 1,  ,8  and   , 2,3 are coplanar, 215. The distance of the point P  4, 6, 2  from the line
then the product of all possible values of  is : passing through the point  3, 2,3 and parallel to a
(JEE Main 2022)
21 59 line with direction ratios 3,3, 1 is equal to:
(a) (b)
2 8 (JEE Main 2023)
57 95 (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) (d)
8 8 (c) 2 3 (d) 14
210*. The distance of the point  7, 3, 4  from the plane
passing through the points  2, 3,1 ,  1,1, 2  and 216. If the four points, whose position vectors are

 3, 4, 2  is : (JEE Main 2023) 3iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ, iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ, 2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ and
ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a) 4 (b) 5 5 i  2 j  4 k are coplanar, then  is equal to
(c) 5 2 (d) 4 2
(JEE Main 2023)
211. The distance of the point  1,9, 16  from the plane
73 107
2 x  3 y  z  5 measured parallel to the line (a) (b) 
17 17
x  4 2 y z 3
  is (JEE Main 2023) 73 107
3 4 12 (c)  (d)
17 17
(a) 13 2 (b) 31
217. The shortest distance between the lines
(c) 26 (d) 20 2
x  1  2 y  12 z and x  y  2  6 z  6 is
212. Let the plane containing the line of intersection of the
planes P1 : x     4  y  z  1 and (JEE Main 2023)
P2 : 2 x  y  z  2 pass through the points  0,1, 0  (a) 2 (b) 3
and 1, 0,1 . Then the distance of the point 5 3
(c) (d)
 2 ,     from the plane P2 is (JEE Main 2023) 2 2
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 47

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are (c)

17
(d) 9
3
deleted from JEE Main
 make angle  ,  ,  with the
223*. Let a unit vector OP
218. The foot of perpendicular of the point  2, 0,5 on the
positive directions of the
co-ordinate axes
x  1 y 1 z 1
line   is  ,  ,   . Then which of  
OX , OY , OZ respectively, where    0,  OP is
2 5 1
 2
the following is NOT correct? (JEE Main 2023) perpendicular to the plane through points
 4  1, 2,3 ,  2,3, 4  and 1,5, 7  , then which one of the
(a)  (b)  8
 15  following is true? (JEE Main 2023)

 5    
 (a)    ,   and    ,  
(c)  5 (d)  2  2 
  8
   
219. Shortest distance between the lines (b)    0,  and    0, 
 2   2
x 1 y  8 z  4 x 1 y  2 z  6
  and      
2 7 5 2 1 3 (c)    ,   and    0, 
 2   2
(JEE Main 2023)
   
(a) 2 3 (b) 4 3 (d)    0,  and    ,  
 2  2 
(c) 3 3 (d) 5 3
224*. If a plane passes through the points
220*. The plane 2 x  y  z  4 intersects the line segment
 1, k , 0  ,  2, k , 1 , 1,1, 2  and is parallel to the line
joining the points A  a, 2, 4  and B  2, b, 3 at the
x 1 2 y 1 z  1
point C in the ratio 2:1 and the distance of the point   , then the value of
1 2 1
C from the origin is 5 . If ab  0 and P is the k2 1
is (JEE Main 2023)
point  a  b, b, 2b  a  then CP is equal to:
2
 k  1 k  2 
(JEE Main 2023) 17 5
(a) (b)
17 16 5 17
(a) (b)
3 3 6 13
(c) (d)
73 97 13 6
(c) (d)
3 3 225. Let the shortest distance between the lines
x 1 y  2 z  3 x 5 y  z 
221*. If the lines   and L:   , 0 and
1 2 1 2 0 1
x a y 2 z 3
  intersects at the point P , then
L1 : x  1  y  1  4  z be 2 6 . If  ,  ,   lies on
2 3 1 L , then which of the following is NOT possible?
the distance of the point P from the plane z  a is: (JEE Main 2023)
(JEE Main 2023) (a)   2  24 (b) 2    7
(a) 16 (b) 28
(c) 2    9 (d)   2  19
(c) 10 (d) 22
226*. Let P be the plane, passing through the point
222*. The line l1 passes through the point  2, 6, 2  and is
perpendicular to the plane 2 x  y  2 z  10 . Then the
1, 1, 5 and perpendicular to the line joining the
shortest distance between the line l1 and the line points  4,1, 3 and  2, 4,3 . Then the distance of P

x 1 y  4 z from the point  3, 2, 2  is (JEE Main 2023)

  is: (JEE Main 2023)
2 3 2 (a) 6 (b) 4
19 (c) 5 (d) 7
(a) 7 (b)
3
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 48

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are (JEE Main 2023)

12 12
deleted from JEE Main (a) (b)
5 5
227. Let the plane P : 8 x  1 y   2 z  12  0 be parallel
12
x  2 y 3 z  4 (c) (d) 12 5
to the line L :   . If the intercept 5 5
2 3 5
233*. If the equation of the plane passing through the line
of P on the y-axis is 1 , then the distance between P
of intersection of the planes
and L is: (JEE Main 2023)
2 x  y  z  3, 4 x  3 y  5 z  9  0 and parallel to the
6
(a) 14 (b) x 1 y  3 z  2
14 line   is ax  by  cz  6  0 ,
2 4 5
2 7
(c) (d) then a  b  c is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
7 2
(a) 13 (b) 15
228. The foot of perpendicular from the origin O to a
(c) 14 (d) 12
plane P which meets the co-ordinate axes at the
points A, B, C is  2, a, 4  , a  N , If the volume of 234. Let the line L pass through the point  0,1, 2  ,

the tetrahedron OABC is 144unit 3 , then which of the x 1 y  2 z  3

intersect the line   and be parallel
following points is NOT on P ? (JEE Main 2023) 2 3 4
(a)  2, 2, 4  (b)  0, 4, 4  to the plane 2 x  y  3 z  4 . Then the distance of the
(c)  3,0, 4  (d)  0, 6,3 point P 1, 9, 2  from the line L is
229. The shortest distance between the lines (JEE Main 2023)
x 5 y 2 z 4 x  3 y  5 z 1 (a) 74 (b) 69
  and   is
1 2 3 1 4 5 (c) 9 (d) 54
(JEE Main 2023)
235*. A plane P contains the line of intersection of the
(a) 7 3 (b) 5 3
 
(c) 6 3 (d) 4 3    
plane r  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  6 and r  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ  5 . If
230. Let the image of the point P  2, 1,3 in the plane P passes through the point  0, 2, 2  , then the
x  2 y  z  0 be Q . Then the distance of the plane
square of distance of the point 12,12,18  from the
3 x  2 y  z  29  0 from the point Q is
plane P is (JEE Main 2023)
(JEE Main 2023)
(a) 1240 (b) 155
22 2 24 2
(a) (b) (c) 310 (d) 620
7 7
236*. If the equation of the plane containing the line
(c) 2 14 (d) 3 14
x  2 y  3 z  4  0  2 x  y  z  5 and perpendicular
231*. Let the plane P pass through the intersection of the
planes 2 x  3 y  z  2 and x  2 y  3 z  6 , and be to the plane

perpendicular to the plane 2 x  y  z  1  0 . If d is      
r  iˆ  ˆj   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ is
the distance of P from the point  7,1,1 , then d 2
ax  by  cz  4 , then  a  b  c  is equal to
is equal to : (JEE Main 2023) (JEE Main 2023)
250 15 (a) 22 (b) 20
(a) (b)
83 53 (c) 18 (d) 24
25 250 237. The shortest distance between the lines
(c) (d)
83 82 x4 y2 z 3 x 1 y  3 z  4
232. One vertex of a rectangular parallelopiped is at the
  and   is
4 5 3 3 4 2
origin O and the lengths of its edges along x, y and
(JEE Main 2023)
z axes are 3, 4 and 5 units respectively. Let P be
(a) 2 6 (b) 6 3
the vertex  3, 4,5 . Then the shortest distance
(c) 3 6 (d) 6 2
between the diagonal OP and an edge parallel to z
axis, not passing through O or P is:
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 49

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are of the mid-point of the line segment AB from the
plane 2 x  2 y  z  14 is (JEE Main 2023)
deleted from JEE Main
10
238*. For a, b   and a  b 10 , let the angle between (a) (b) 4
3
the plane P : ax  y  z  b and the line
11
(c) (d) 3
1  1  3
l : x  1  a  y  z  1 be cos   . If the distance
3 244. Let the image of the point P 1, 2,6  in the plane
of the point  6, 6, 4  from the plane P is 3 6 ,
passing through the points A 1, 2, 0  , B 1, 4,1 and
then a 4  b 2 is equal to
(a) 85
(JEE Main 2023)
(b) 25
C  0, 5,1 be Q  ,  ,   . Then  2
 2 2  is

(c) 32 (d) 48 equal to (JEE Main 2023)

239*. Let P be the plane passing through the line (a) 70 (b) 62
(c) 76 (d) 65
x 1 y  2 z  5
  and the point  2, 4, 3  . If the 245. Let  ,  ,   be the image of the point P  2,3,5  in
1 3 7
image of the point  1,3, 4  in the plane P is the plane 2 x  y  3 z  6 . Then      is equal to
(JEE Main 2023)
 ,  ,   then      is equal to
(a) 9 (b) 10
(JEE Main 2023) (c) 5 (d) 12
(a) 11 (b) 12 246. If equation of the plane that contains the point
(c) 9 (d) 10  2,3,5 and is perpendicular to each of the planes
240. The shortest distance between the lines
2x  4 y  5z  8 and 3x  2 y  3z  5 is
x2 y z 5 x  4 y 1 z  3
  and   is  x   y   z  97  0 then      
1 2 2 1 2 0
(JEE Main 2023) (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 9 (b) 8 (a) 15 (b) 16
(c) 6 (d) 7 (c) 17 (d) 18
241. Let two vertices of a triangle ABC be  2, 4, 6  and 
247. Let a be a non-zero vector parallel to the line of
 0, 2, 5 , and its centroid be  2,1, 1 . If the image intersection of the two planes described by
of the third vertex in the plane x  2 y  4 z  11 is iˆ  ˆj , iˆ  kˆ and iˆ  ˆj , ˆj  kˆ . If  is the angle between
 ,  ,   , then      is equal to  
the vector a and the vector b  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ and
(JEE Main 2023)    
(a) 76 (b) 70 
a  b  6 , then the ordered pair  , a  b is equal to
(c) 74 (d) 72
242. Let P be the point of intersection of the line (JEE Main 2023)
x  3 y  2 1 z    
  and the plane x  y  z  2 . If (a)  , 6  (b)  , 3 6 
3 1 2 3   3 
the distance of the point P from the plane    
(c)  ,3 6  (d)  , 6 
3 x  4 y  12 z  32 is q , then q and 2q are the  4  4 
roots of the equation (JEE Main 2023) 248. Let P be the plane passing through the points
(a) x 2  18 x  72  0
 5,3,0  , 13,3, 2  and 1, 6, 2  . For    , if the
(b) x 2  18 x  72  0
distances of the points A  3, 4,   and B  2,  , a 
(c) x 2  18 x  72  0
(d) x 2  18 x  72  0 from the plane P are 2 and 3 respectively, then the
positive value of a is (JEE Main 2023)
x 6 y z 8
243. Let the line   intersect the lines (a) 6 (b) 4
1 2 5
(c) 3 (d) 5
x 5 y 7 z  2 x 3 3 y z 6
  and   at the
4 3 1 6 3 1
end points A and B respectively. Then the distance
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 50

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are (c) –4 (d) 4

254*. The plane, passing through the points  0, 1, 2  and
deleted from JEE Main
249. Let the line passing through the points P  2, 1, 2   1, 2,1 and parallel to the line passing through (5,

and Q  5,3, 4  meet the plane x  y  z  4 at the 1, 7) and 1, 1, 1 , also passes through the point

point R . Then the distance of the point R from the (JEE Main 2023)
plane x  2 y  3 z  2  0 measured parallel to the (a)  0,5, 2  (b)  2,5, 0 
x7 y 3 z 2 (c)  2, 0,1 (d) 1, 2,1
line   is equal to
2 2 1 255. The line, that is coplanar to the line
(JEE Main 2023) x  3 y 1 z  5
  , is (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 3 (b) 61 3 1 5
(c) 31 (d) 189 x 1 y  2 z  5
(a)  
x  5 y  4 z  1 2 5
250. Let the lines l1 :   and
3 1 2 x 1 y  2 z  5
(b)  
l2 : 3 x  2 y  z  2  0  x  3 y  2 z  13 be coplanar. 1 2 4
If the point P  a, b, c  on l1 is nearest to the point (c)
x 1 y  2 z  5
 
1 2 5
Q  4, 3, 2  , then a  b  c is equal to
x 1 y  2 z  5
(JEE Main 2023) (d)  
1 2 5
(a) 12 (b) 10
(c) 14 (d) 8 256*. Let N be the foot of perpendicular from the point
251. Let the plane P: 4 x  y  z  10 be rotated by an P 1, 2,3 on the line passing through the points
 (4, 5 , 8) and 1, 7,5  . Then the distance of N
angle about its line of intersection with the plane
2 from the plane 2 x  2 y  z  5  0 is
x  y  z  4 . If  . is the distance of the point
(JEE Main 2023)
 2,3, 4  from the new position of the plane P , then (a) 7 (b) 6
35 is equal to (JEE Main 2023) (c) 9 (d) 8
(a) 85 (b) 105 257*. Let the foot of perpendicular of the point
(c) 90 (d) 126 P  3, 2, 9  on the plane passing through the points
252*. The distance of the point  1, 2,3 from the plane
 1, 2, 3 ,  9,3, 4  ,  9, 2,1 be Q  ,  ,   . Then

 
r  iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ  10 parallel to the line of the the distance of Q from the origin is
shortest distance between the lines (JEE Main 2023)

   
r  iˆ  ˆj   2iˆ  kˆ and (a) 29 (b) 35

 (c) 42 (d) 38
r   2iˆ  ˆj     iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  is (JEE Main 2023)
258. Let S be the set of all values of  , for which the
(a) 2 6 (b) 2 5 shortest distance between the lines
(c) 3 6 (d) 3 5 x  y 3 z 6 x y z6
  and   is 13 .
0 4 1 3 4 0
253*. Let the equation of plane passing through the line of
intersection of the planes x  2 y  az  2 and
x  y  z  3 be 5 x  11 y  bz  6a  1 . For c   , if
Then 8 
S
is equal to (JEE Main 2023)

the distance of this plane from the point  a, c, c  is (a) 308 (b) 302
(c) 306 (d) 304
2 a b
, then is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
a c
(a) 2 (b) –2
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 51

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are distance of the plane P from the point 1, 27, 7  be

deleted from JEE Main c . Then a 2  b 2  c 2 is equal to (JEE Main 2023)

259*. Let the system of linear equations 266*. If 1  2 are two values of  such that the angle
x  2 y  9z  7 
x  3y  7z  9
 
between the planes P1 : r 3iˆ  5 ˆj  kˆ  7 and

2 x  y  5 z  8  2 6
3 x  y  13 z  
 
P2 : r   iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ  9 is sin 1 
 5 
, then the
 
Has a unique solution x   , y   , z   . Then the
square of the length of perpendicular from the point
distance of the point  ,  ,   from the plane
 381 ,102 , 2  to the plane P1 is (JEE Main 2023)
2 x  2 y  z   is (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 9 (b) 11 267*. If the equation of the plane passing through the point
(c) 7 (d) 13
1,1, 2  and perpendicular to the line
260. The shortest distance between the lines
x  2 y 1 z  6 x  6 1 y z  8 x  3 y  2 z  1  0, 4 x  y  z is Ax  By  Cz  1 ,
  and   is
3 2 2 3 2 0
then 140  C  B  A  is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
equal to (JEE Main 2023)
261. If the shortest between the lines 268. Let a line L pass through the point P  2,3,1 and be
x 6 y 6 z 6 parallel to the line x  3 y  2 z  2  0  x  y  2 z . If
  and
2 3 4
the distance of L from the point  5,3,8  is  , then
x y2 6 z 2 6
  is 6 , then the square of
3 4 5 3 2 is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
sum of all possible values of  is
(JEE Main 2023) 269*. Let  be the angle between the planes
 ˆ ˆ 
262*. Let the equation of the plane passing through the line   
P1  r  i  j  2kˆ  9 and P2  r  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  15 . 
x  2 y  z  5  0  x  y  3 z  5 and parallel to the Let L be the line that meets P2 at the point
line x  y  2z  7  0  2x  3y  z  2 be  4, 2,5  and makes an angle  with the normal of
ax  by  cz  65 . Then the distance of the point
P2 . If  is the angle between L and P2 then
 a, b, c  from the plane 2 x  2 y  z  16  0 is
(JEE Main 2023)
 tan   cot   is equal to
2 2
(JEE Main 2023)
263. If the shortest distance between the line joining the x 1 y 1 z  3
270. Let the line L :   intersect the
points 1, 2, 3 and  2,3, 4  , and the line 2 1 1
x 1 y 1 z  2 plane 2 x  y  3 z  16 at the point P . Let the point
  is  , then 28 2 is equal to Q be the foot of perpendicular from the point
2 1 0
(JEE Main 2023) R 1, 1,3 on the line L . If  is the area of triangle
264. Let the co-ordinates of one vertex of  ABC be PQR , then  2 is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
A  0, 2,   and the other two vertices lie on the line
271. A  2, 6, 2  , B  4, 0,   , C  2,3, 1 and
x   y 1 z  4
  . For   , if the area of D  4,5, 0  ,  5 are the vertices of a quadrilateral
5 2 3
ABCD . If its area is 18 square units, then 5  6 is
ABC is 21 sq. units and the line segment BC has
equal to (JEE Main 2023)
length 2 21 sq. units, then  2 is equal to
272*. Let  x   y  yz  1 be the equation of a plane
(JEE Main 2023)
265*. Let the equation of the plane P containing the line passing through the point  3, 2,5 and
8 y perpendicular to the line joining the points 1, 2,3
x  10   z be ax  by  3 z  2  a  b  and the
2
and  2,3,5  . Then the value of  y is equal to
(JEE Main 2023)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 52

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 279. Let a line l pass through the origin and be
perpendicular to the lines
deleted from JEE Main 
273*. The point of intersection C of the plane    
l1 : r  iˆ  11 ˆj  7 kˆ   iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ ,    and

8x  y  2 z  0 and the line joining the points    
l2 : r  iˆ  kˆ   2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ ,    .
A  3, 6,1 and B  2, 4, 3  divides the line
If P is the point of intersection of l and l1 , and
segment AB internally in the ratio k :1 . If Q  ,  ,   is the foot of perpendicular from P on
a , b, c a,b,c are coprime) are the direction
l2 , then 9       is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
ratios of the perpendicular from the point C on the
1 y z  3
1 x y  4 z  2 280*. Let the line l : x   ,    meet the plane
line   , then a  b  c is equal to 2 
1 2 3
(JEE Main 2023)
P : x  2 y  3 z  4 at the point  ,  ,   . If the

274*. Let the image of the point P 1, 2, 3 in the plane angle between the line l and the plane P is
 5 
2 x  y  z  9 be Q . If the coordinates of the point cos 1   , then   2   6 is equal to
 14 
R are  6,10, 7  , then the square of the area of the
(JEE Main 2023)
triangle PQR is (JEE Main 2023)
281*. Let the plane x  3 y  2 z  6  0 meet the co-
x 1 2  y z  3
275. If the lines   and ordinate axes at the points A, B,C . If the orthocenter
2 3 
 6
x  4 y 1 z of the triangle ABC is   ,  ,  , then 98(   ) 2
  intersect, then the magnitude of  7
5 2 
is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
the minimum value of 8 is (JEE Main 2023)
5 5 8
282*. Let the image of the point  , ,  in the plane
276*. Let 1 , 2 be the value of  for which the points 3 3 3
5  x  2 y  z  2  0 be P . If the distance of the point
 ,1,   and  2, 0,1 are at equal distance from the
2  Q  6, 2,   ,   0 , from P is 13 , then  is equal
plane 2 x  3 y  6 z  7  0 . If 1  2 , then the
to (JEE Main 2023)
distance of the point  1  2 , 2 , 1  from the line 283*. Let the plane P contain the line
x  5 y 1 z  7 2 x  y  z  3  0  4 x  3 y  4 z  9 and be parallel
  is (JEE Main 2023)
1 2 2 x  2 3 y 3 y z  7
to the line    . Then the
277*. Let P1 be the plane 3 x  y  7 z  11 and P2 be the 2 4 4 5
plane passing through the points  2, 1, 0  , (2, 0,  1) distance of the point A  8, 1, 19  from the plane P
, and  5,1,1 . If the foot of the perpendicular drawn x y 5 2 z
measured parallel to the line   is
3 4 12
from the point  7, 4, 1 on the line of intersection of
equal to (JEE Main 2023)
the planes P1 and P2 is  ,  ,   , then      is
284*. If the line x  y  z intersects the line
equal to (JEE Main 2023)
xsinA  ysinB  zsinC  18  0  xsin2 A  ysin2 B 
278*. Let the foot of the perpendicular from the point
zsin2C  9
A  4,3,1 on the plane P : x  y  2 z  3  0 be N . where A, B, C are the angles of a triangle ABC , then
If B  5,  ,   ,  ,    is a point on plane P such  A B C
80  sin sin sin  is equal to
that the area of the triangle ABN is 3 2 , then  2 2 2
(JEE Main 2023)
 2   2   is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 53

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

VECTORS 6. A, B, C and D are four points in a plane with

   
pv' s a , b , c and d respectively such that
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]
       
(a  d ) . ( b  c )  ( b  d ) . ( c  a )  0 .
   
1. If a & b lie on a plane normal to the plane containing c & d
    Then for the triangle ABC, D is its :
then, (a  b) . (c  d) is equal to
(a) incentre (b) circumcentre
(a) –1 (b) 1
(c) othocentre (d) centroid
(c) 0 (d) none
 
2. ‘P’ is a point inside the triangle ABC such that 7. Let a  a 1 î  a 2 ĵ  a 3 k̂ , b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b 3 k̂ and

BC ( PA )  CA ( PB)  AB ( PC )  0 then for the triangle  

c  c1î  c 2 ĵ  c 3 k̂ be three non–zero vectors such that c
ABC the point P is its
 
(a) incentre (b) circumcentre is a unit vector perpendicular to both a and b . If the angle
(c) centroid (d) orthocentre
  a1 a2 a3
2
3. Let p is the p.v. of the orthocentre & g is the p.v. of the  
between a and b is /6, then b1 b2 b3 is equal to :
centroid of the triangle ABC where circumcentre is the
  c1 c2 c3
origin. If p  Kg then K =

(a) 3 (b) 2 (a) 0

(c) 1/3 (d) 2/3 (b) 1
 
4. If the unit vectors e1 and e2 are inclined at an angle
  1 2
2 and | e1  e 2 | 1 , then for [0, ],  may lie in the (c) (a 1  a 22  a 32 ) (b12  b 22  b 32 )
4
interval :
(d) none of these
     
(a) 0,  (b)  ,  8. The vectors p & q satisfy the system of equations
 6 6 2
       
2p  q  a, p  2q  b and the angle between p & q is .
 5    5 
(c)  ,  (d)  ,  If it is known that in the rectangular system of
 6  2 6 
  
co-ordinates the vectors a & b have the forms a = (1, 1)
5. Two given points P and Q in the rectangular cartesian co–
 
ordinates lie on y = 2
x + 2
such that OP . iˆ  1 and & b = (1, –1) then cos  =


OQ . iˆ  2 where î is a unit vector along the x–axis. 4 4
(a) (b) 
  5 5
The magnitude of OQ  4 OP will be :

(a) 10 (b) 20 3
(c)  (d) none
(c) 30 (d) none 5
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 54

       
9. 
Let A a  and B b be points on two skew lines r  a  p 13. Let A, B, C be vectors of length 3, 4 and 5 respectively..
         
and r  b  uq and the shortest distance between the skew Let A be perpendicular to B  C, B to C  A and C to
      
lines is 1, where p and q are unit vectors forming adjacent A  B . Then length of the vector, A  B  C is :

1 (a)  5 2 (b) 2
sides of a parallelogram enclosing an area of units. If
2
(c) 5 2 (d) none of these
an angle between AB and the line of shortest distance is
60°, then AB =  
14. If a & b are unit vectors such that

(a)
1
2
(b) 2 a  b  2a  3b  3a  2b   0, then angle between a and

b
(c) 1 (d)  R – {0}
   (a) 0 (b) /2
10. If b & c are any two perpendicular unit vectors and a is
(c)  (d) indeterminate
  
      a .(b  c)   15. If a plane cuts off intercepts OA = a, OB = b, OC = c from
any vector, then, (a.b) b  (a.c) c    (b  c) is
| b  c |2 the coordinate axes, then the area of the triangle ABC =

equal to : 1
(a) b2c2  c2a 2  a 2b2
  2
(a) a (b) b
 1
(c) c (d) none of these (b) (bc  ca  ab)
2
11. If A1, A2, A3, ......, An are the vertices of a regular plane
polygon with n sides & O is its centre then 1
(c) abc
2
n 1

 (OA OA i i 1 )
1
i 1
(d) (b  c) 2  (c  a ) 2  (a  b) 2
2
(a) (1  n ) OA 2  OA 1 (b) ( n  1) OA 2  OA 1  
16. Let a ˆi  k
ˆ , b  xiˆ  ˆj  1  x  kˆ and

(c) n OA 2  OA 1 (d) none    

c  yiˆ  xjˆ  1  x  y  kˆ . Then a b c  depends on

12. If the vector product of a constant vector OA with a (a) only x (b) only y
(c) neither x nor y (d) both x and y
variable vector OB in a fixed plane OAB be a constant
17. The value of a so that the volume of the parallelopiped
vector, then locus of B is :
formed by the vectors ˆi  ajˆ  k
ˆ , ˆj  akˆ , ˆi  ˆj  kˆ becomes
(a) a straight line perpendicular to OA
minimum is

(b) a circle with centre O radius equal to OA 1
(a) 3 (b)
2
(c) a straight line parallel to OA
1 7
(d) none of these (c) (d)
3 4
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 55

     
18. If the vectors a î  ˆj  k̂, î  bĵ  k̂ and î  ĵ  ck̂ 24.      
If a  b  c  d  a  d  0, then which of the following
is always true
(a  b  c  1) are coplanar then the value of
   
(a) a , b, c, d are necessarily coplanar
1 1 1   
   
1 a 1 b 1 c (b) either a or d must lie in the plane of b and c
   
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) either b or c must lie in plane of a and d
   
(c) 0 (d) none (d) either a or b must lie in plane of c and d
                
19. [(a  b)  (b  c) (b  c)  (c  a ) (c  a )  (a  b)]  25. If P1 : r n1  d1 = 0, P2 : r  n 2 – d2 = 0 and P3 : r  n 3 – d3 = 0 are
  
  three planes and n1 , n 2 and n 3 are three non–coplanar
(a) [a b c]2 (b) [a b c]3
vectors then, the three lines P 1 =0, P 2 =0 and
 P2=0, P3=0 and P3 = 0, P1 = 0 are
(c) [a b c]4 (d) none
(a) parallel lines (b) coplanar lines
      (c) coincident lines (d) concurrent lines
20. The triple product (d  a ) . [a  (b  (c  d))] simplifies to
  
      26. If a , b and c are three unit vectors equally inclined to
(a) (b . d) [a c d] (b) (b  c) [a b d] 
each other at an angle . Then the angle between a and
    
(c) (b . a ) [a b d] (d) none plane of b and c is

         
21. Let r , a , b and c be four non–zero vectors such that r  a  0,  cos    cos  
        (a)  = cos –1   (b)  = sin–1  
r  b  r b , r  c  r c , then [a b c] =  cos    cos  
   
 2   2 
(a) |a| |b| |c| (b) –|a| |b| |c|
(c) 0 (d) none of these    
 sin   sin 
2 2
         (c)  = cos–1  (d)  = sin–1 
22. If a , b, c are such that a b c   1, c   a  b,  sin    sin  
     
   

  2    1    
a ^b < and a  2 , b  3 , c  , then the angle 27. For any vector A, ˆi  (iˆ  A)  ˆj  (ˆj  A)  kˆ  (kˆ  A)
3 3
  simplifies to
between a and b is  
(a) 3A (b) A
   
(a) (b) (c)  A (d)  2A
6 4
   
28. If a, b, c be the unit vectors such that b is not parallel to
       
(c) (d) c and a  (2b  c)  b then the angle that a makes with
3 2
 
          b & c are respectively
23. If a  2b  3c  o, then a  b  b  c  c  a is equal to
     2
  (a) & (b) &
(a) 6(b  c) (b) 6(c  a ) 3 4 3 3

   2
(c) 6(a  b) (d) none of these  
(c) & (d) &
2 3 2 3
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 56
  Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
29. If a vector a is expressed as the sum of two vectors a '
 
and a '' along and perpendicular to a given vector b then   
34. The vectors a, b, c are of the same length & pairwise form
  
a " is 
equal angles. If a  iˆ  ˆj & b  ˆj  kˆ then c can be

     
(a  b )  b b  (a  b)  4 1 4
(a)  (b) 2 (a) (1, 0, 1) (b)   , , 
b b  3 3 3

1 4 1  1 4 1
     (c)  , ,  (d)   , , 
b  (a  b) ab   3 3 3  3 3 3
(c)  (d)  2 b
b b   
35. The vector a  ( b  a ) is

   
30. If a, b and c are any three vectors, then (a) perpendicular to a

      (b) perpendicular to b
a  (b  c)  (a  b)  c is true if : 

(c) coplanar with a & b
  
(a) b & c are collinear (b) a & c are collinear  
(d) perpendicular to a  b

(c) a & b are collinear (d) none of these 36.
   
(u  v) . (u  v) is equal to
     ˆ ˆ     
31. ( r . ˆi) (iˆ  r )  ( r . ˆj) ( ˆj  r )  ( r . k) (k  r )  u.u u.v    
(a)     (b) (u . v) 2  u 2 . v 2
 u.v v.v
(a) 0 (b) r
     
(c) 2 r (d) 3 r (c) | u |2 | v |2  (u . v) 2 (d) none

      
32. For a non zero vector A if the equations A . B  A . C 37. If z1  a î  b ˆj & z 2  c î  d ĵ are two vectors in î & ĵ
   
    system where | z1 |  | z 2 |  r & z1 . z 2  0 then
and A  B  A  C hold simultaneously, then
 
 w 1  a î  c ĵ and w 2  b î  d ĵ satisfy
 
(a) A is perpendicular to B  C
 
(a) | w 1 | r (b) | w 2 | r
 
(b) A  B  
(c) w 1 . w 2  0 (d) none of these
 
(c) B  C    
38. If a, b, c and d are the pv’s of the point A, B, C and D
 
(d) C  A respectively in three dimensional space and satisfy the
   
 relation 3a  2b  c  2d  0, then :

33. Let a  î  ĵ and b  2î  k̂ . The point of intersection of
(a) A, B, C and D are coplanar
       
the lines r  a  b  a and r  b  a  b is : (b) the line joining the points B and D divides the line
joining the point A and C in the ratio 2 : 1.
(a)  î  ˆj  k̂ (b) 3î  ĵ  k̂ (c) the line joining the points A and C divides the line
joining the points B and D in the ratio 1 : 1.
(c) 3î  ĵ  k̂ (d) î  ĵ  k̂    
(d) the four vectors a, b, c & d are linearly dependents.
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 57

 
a and b are two non collinear unit vectors. Then  
39.
43. 
A vector d is equally inclined to three vectors a  î  ĵ  k̂,
   
a , b, xa  yb form a triangle, if:     
b  2î  ĵ and c  3 ĵ  2k̂. Let x, y, z be three vector in
 
   a ^b 
     
(a) x = –1; y = 1 and a  b  2cos   the plane of a , b; b, c; c, a respectively then
 2 
   
(b) x = –1; y = 1 and cos (a ^ b)  (a) x  d  14

      
| a  b | cos [a ^  (a  b)]  1 (b) y  d  3

     
   a ^ b   a ^b 
(c) z  d  0
(c) a  b  2cot   cos   and
 2   2 
     
(d) r  d  0 where r  x  y  z
x = –1, y = 1
(d) none of these 44. Identify the statement(s) which is/are INCORRECT ?
     
40. If OA  a; OB  b; OC  2 a  3b; OD  a  2b, the length       
(a) a  [a  (a  b)]  (a  b)(a 2 )

of OA is three times the length of OB and OA is

  
(b) If a , b, c are non–zero, non coplanar vectors, and
prependicular to DB then (BD  AC) . (OD  OC) is :
   
    v.a  v.b  v.c  0 then v must be a null vector
(a) 7 | a  b |2 (b) 42 | a  b | 2
 
(c) 0 (d) none of these (c) If a and b lie in a plane normal to the plane containing
       
41. â & b̂ are two given unit vectors at right angle. The unit the vectors a  b, c  d, where a, b, c, d are non–zero

vector equally inclined with â & b̂ and â  b̂ will be :     

  
vectors, then a  b  c  d  o
1 1
(a)  (â  b̂  â  b̂) (b) (â  b̂  â  b̂)     
3 3 (d) If a , b, c and a ' , b' c ' are reciprocal system of vectors

     
1 1 then a  b' b  c' c  a '  3
(c) (â  b̂  â  b̂) (d)  (â  b̂  â  b̂)
3 3
Numerical Value Type Questions
 
42. If a and b unequal unit vectors such that
        
       
45.  
If a  3, b  4, c  5 and a  b  c , b   c  a  ,
(a  b)  [(b  a )  (2a  b)]  a  b, then angle  between

        2
a and b is  
c  a  b then a  b  c is .....

   
46. a , b , c are three unit vectors and every two are inclined to
(a) (b) 0
2
    
each other at an angle cos–1(3/5). If a  b  pa  qb  rc ,

(c)  (d) where p, q, r are scalars, then 55q2 is equal to
4
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 58

Assertion & Reason Match the Following

Each question has two columns. Four options are given

Use the following codes to answer the questions
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
is the correct explanation of assertion. to a correct matching.For each question, choose the
option corresponding to the correct matching.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but and reason
is not the correct explanation of assertion. 49. Column–I Column–II
 
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false. (A) If a  b  ĵ and (P) 1

(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.

  ĵ
(E) If assertion and reason are both false. 2a  b  3iˆ  , then
2
  cosine of the angle between
47. Assertion : Let a  2î  3 ĵ  k̂, b  4î  6 ĵ  2k̂ , then
 
a and b is
  
ab  o
  
(B) If a  b  c , angle between (Q) 5 3
     
Reason : If a  o , b  o and a and b are non–collinear

  each pair of vectors is and
vectors, then a  b = ab sin  n̂ , where  is the smaller 3
 
angle between the vectors a and b and n̂ is unit vector    
a  b  c  6 , then a 

such that a,b,nˆ taken in this order form right handed (C) Area of the parallelogram (R) 7

orientation whose diagonals represent

(a) A (b) B the vectors 3î  ˆj  2k̂ and

(c) C (d) D
î  3 ĵ  4k̂ is
(e) E

      3
48. Assertion : Let a  3î  ĵ, b  2î  ĵ  3k̂. If b  b1  b 2 (D) If a is perpendicular to (S) 
5
     
such that b1 is collinear with a and b 2 is perpendicular b  c, b is perpendicular to

    
to a is possible, then b 2  î  3 ĵ  3k̂. c  a, c is perpendicular to
   
  a  b, a  2, b  3 and
Reason : If a and b are non–zero, non–collinear vectors,
        
then b can be expressed as b  b1  b 2 , where b1 is c  6 , then a  b  c 

   The correct matching is

collinear with a and b 2 is perpendicular to a .
(a) A-R; B-P; C-Q; D-S
(a) A (b) B (b) A-P; B-R; C-Q; D-S
(c) C (d) D (c) A-Q; B-R; C-R; D-P
(e) E (d) A-S; B-P; C-Q; D-R
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 59

50. Match the following  ˆ y  2aˆ  b,

ˆ then the point of intersection of
53. Let x  aˆ  b,
Column-I Column-II
       
      straight lines r  x  y  x, r  y  x  y is
(A) If the vectors a , b , c (P) a.b  b .c  c .a
   (a) 2bˆ (c) 3bˆ
form sides BA, CA, AB
(c) 3aˆ (d) 2aˆ
of ABC, then
     
(B) If a , b , c are forming (Q) a.b  b .c  c .a  0 54.    
aˆ  bˆ  cˆ  bˆ   cˆ  aˆ   cˆ  aˆ  bˆ is equal to
three adjacent sides of
(a) 1 (b) 3
regular tetrahedron, then
(c) 0 (d) – 12
          
(C) If a  b = c , b  c = a (R) a  b  b  c  c  a
then 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
      3 Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]
(D) a , b , c are unit vectors (S) a.b  b .c  c .a  
2
   55. Consider a tetrahedron with faces f 1, f 2 , f 3, f 4. Let
and a  b  c = 0 then    
a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 be the vectors whose magnitudes are
The correct matching is
respectively equal to the areas of f1, f2, f3, f4 & whose
(a) A  R ; B  P; C P,Q; D  S
directions are perpendicular to these faces in the outward
(b) A  R,S ; B  P; C S; D Q
direction. Then
(c) A P ; B R; C  Q; D P,S
        
(a) a 1  a 2  a 3  a 4  0 (b) a 1  a 3  a 2  a 4
(d) A  R ; B Q; C P; D  S
   
Paragraph Type Questions (c) a 1  a 2  a 3  a 4 (d) none

Using the following passage, solve Q.51 to Q.54   

56. Let a, b and c be non–coplanar unit vectors equally
PASSAGE
  
inclined to one another at an acute angle . Then a b c
ˆ bˆ and cˆ are such that
Three vectors a,  
in terms of  is equal to :
aˆ  bˆ  c,
ˆ bˆ  cˆ  a, ˆ
ˆ cˆ  aˆ  b.
(a) (1  cos ) cos 2 (b) (1  cos ) 1  2 cos 2
Answer the following questions :

51. If vector 3aˆ  2bˆ  2cˆ and aˆ  2cˆ are adjacent sides of (c) (1  cos ) 1  2 cos  (d) none of these
a parallelogram, then an angle between the diagonals is
57. If line makes angle ,,, with the four diagonals of a
  2 2 2 2
cube, then the value of cos  + cos  + cos  + cos  =
(a) (b)
4 3
(a) 1 (b) 4/3
 2 (c) 2/3 (d) Variable
(c) (d)
2 3
58. If the sum of the squares of the distance of a point from the
52. Vectors 2aˆ  3bˆ  4cˆ , aˆ  2bˆ  cˆ and xaˆ  bˆ  2cˆ are three coordinate axes be 36, then its distance from the origin
coplanar, then x = is

8 5 (a) 6 (b) 3 2
(a) (b)
5 8
(c) 2 3 (d) 6 2
(c) 0 (d) 1
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 60

59. The direction ratio’s of the line x – y + z – 5 = 0 = x – 3y – 6 are   

64. If a1 , a 2 and a 3 are non–coplanar vectors and
(a) 3, 1, –2 (b) 2, –4, 1    
(x + y – 3) a 1  (2x – y + 2) a 2 + (2x + y + ) a 3 = 0

3 1 2 2 4 1 holds for some ‘x’ and ‘y’ then ‘’ is

(c) , , (d) , ,
14 14 14 21 21 21
7
(a) (b) 2
60. A variable plane passes through a fixed point (1, 2, 3). The 3
locus of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from origin to
10 5
this plane is : (c)  (d)
3 3
2 2 2
(a) x + y + z – x – 2y – 3z = 0
2 2 2
65. If the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to a plane
(b) x + 2y + 3z – x – 2y – 3z = 0
is P (a, b, c), the equation of the plane is
2 2 2
(c) x + 4y + 9z + x + 2y + 3 = 0
2 2 2 x y z
(d) x + y + z + x + 2y + 3z = 0 (a)   3
a b c

x 1 y  2 z  3 (b) ax + by + cz = 3
61. The straight lines   and
1 2 3
(c) ax + by + cz = a2 + b2 + c2

(d) ax + by + cz = a + b + c
x 1 y  2 z  3
  are 66. Equation of line in the plane P : 2x – y + z – 4 = 0 which is
2 2 2
perpendicular to the line l whose equation is
(a) parallel lines (b) Intersecting at 60º x 2 y2 z 3
  and which passes through the point
(c) Skew lines (d) Intersecting at right angle 1 1 2

62. The equation of the plane which bisects the angle between of intersection of l and P is

the planes 3x – 6y + 2z + 5 = 0 and 4x – 12y + 3z – 3 = 0

x  2 y 1 z 1 x 1 y  3 z  5
which contains the origin is (a)   (b)  
3 5 1 3 5 1
(a) 33x – 13y + 32z + 45 = 0
x  2 y 1 z 1 x  2 y 1 z 1
(b) x – 3y + z – 5 = 0 (c)   (d)  
2 1 1 2 1 1
(c) 33x + 13y + 32z + 45 = 0
67. Equation of plane which passes through the point of
(d) None of these
x 1 y  2 z  3
63. P is fixed point (a, a, a) on a line through the origin equally intersection of lines   and
3 1 2
inclined to the axes, then any plane through P perpendicular
to OP, makes intercepts on the axes, the sum of whose x  3 y 1 z  2
  and at greatest distance from the
1 2 3
reciprocals is equal to
point (0, 0, 0) is :
(a) a (b) a/2
(a) 4x + 3y + 5z = 25 (b) 4x + 3y + 5z = 50
(c) 3a/2 (d) 1/a
(c) 3x + 4y + 5z = 49 (d) x + 7y – 5z = 2
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 61

68. Let A(1, 1, 1), B(2, 3, 5), C(–1, 0, 2) be three points, then   
73. Assertion : If a  3î  k̂, b  î  2 ĵ  k̂, c  î  ĵ  k̂ and
equation of a plane parallel to the plane ABC which is at
distance 2 from plane ABC 
d  2î  ĵ , then there exist real numbers , ,  such that
(a) 2x – 3y + z + 2 14 = 0 
  
a  b   c  d
(b) 2x – 3y + z – 14 = 0
   
(c) 2x – 3y + z + 2 = 0 Reason : a , b, c, d are four vectors in a 3–dimensional
  
(d) 2x – 3y + z – 2 = 0 space. If b, c, d are non–coplanar, then there exist real
Numerical Value Type Questions    
numbers , , such that a  b  c  d
69. If equation of the plane through the straight line
(a) A (b) B
x 1 y  2 z (c) C (d) D
  and perpendicular to the plane
2 3 5
(e) E
x – y + z + 2 = 0 is ax – by + cz + 4 = 0, then find the value 
  
of 103a + 102b + 10 c. 74. Assertion : Let a , b, c and d are position vectors of four

70. In a regular tetrahedron let  be the angle between any     

points A, B, C and D and 3a  2b  5c  6d  0, then points
a A, B, C and D are coplanar.
edge and a face not containing the edge. If cos2 =
b
Reason : Three non zero, linearly dependent co–initial
where a, b  I+ also a and b are coprime, then find the
value of (10a + b)  
vectors PQ, PR and PS are coplanar..

71. If the planes x – cy – bz = 0, cx – y + az = 0 and (a) A (b) B

bx + ay – z = 0 pass through a straight line, then find the
(c) C (d) D
value of a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc.
(e) E
72. If the reflection of the point P(1, 0, 0) in the line
75. Assertion : A point on the straight line 2x + 3y – 4z = 5,
x  1 y  1 z  10 3x – 2y + 4z = 7 can be determined by taking x = k and
  is (). Find – ( +  + )
2 3 8 then solving the two equations for y and z, where k is any
real number except 12/5.
Assertion & Reason
Reason : If c’  kc, then the straight line
Use the following codes to answer the questions ax + by + cz + d = 0, kax + kby + c’z + d’ = 0, does not
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason intersect the plane z = , where  is any real number except
is the correct explanation of assertion.
d ' kd
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but and reason .
kc  c '
is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false. (a) A (b) B
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true. (c) C (d) D
(E) If assertion and reason are both false. (e) E
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 62

Match the Following 77. Consider three planes

Each question has two columns. Four options are given P1 : 2x + y + z = 1

representing matching of elements from Column-I and
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds P2 : x – y + z = 2

to a correct matching.For each question, choose the

P3 : x + y + 3z = 5
option corresponding to the correct matching.
The three planes intersects each other at point P on XOY
76. Column–I Column–II
plane and at point Q on YOZ plane. O is the origin.

 107 30 69 
(A) Foot of perp. drawn for (P)  , ,  Column-I Column-II
 29 29 29 
(A) The value of  is (P) 1
point (1, 2, 3) to the line
(B) The length of projection of PQ (Q) 2
x  2 y 1 z  2
  is
2 3 4 on x-axis is

(C) If the coordinates of point R on (R) 4

 88 125 69 
(B) Image of line point (1, 2, 3) in (Q)  , , 
 29 29 29 
the line PQ situated at minimum

x  2 y 1 z  2 distance from point ‘O’ are (a, b, c),

the line   is
2 3 4
then the value of 7a + 14b +14c is

 68 44 78 
(C) Foot of perpendicular from (R)  , , 
 29 29 29  a
(D) If the area of POQ is (S) 3
b
the point (2, 3, 5) to the plane
2x + 3y – 4z + 17 = 0 is
Then the value of a – b is where

 38 57 185  a & b are co prime numbers

(D) Image of the point (2, 5, 1) in (S)  , , 
 29 29 29 
The correct matching is
the plane 3x – 2y + 4z – 5 = 0
is (a) A S ; B  P ;C  Q; D R

The correct matching is (b) A P ; B R ;C  Q; D  S

(a) A-R; B-P; C-S; D-Q
(c) A R ; B Q ;C P; D  S
(b) A-R; B-S; C-P; D-Q
(c) A-R; B-P; C-Q; D-S (d) A R ; B  P ;C  Q; D  S

(d) A-P; B-R; C-S; D-Q

VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 63

Paragraph Type Questions 78. Given the planes 2x + 3y – 4z + 7 = 0 and

x – 2y + 3z – 5 = 0, if a point P is (1, –2, 3), then
Using the following passage, solve Q. 78 to Q. 80
(a) O and P both lie in acute angle between the planes
Passage
(b) O and P both lie in obtuse angle

Let a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 be (c) O lies in acute angle, P lies in obtuse angle
two planes, where d1, d2 > 0. Then origin lies in acute angle (d) O lies in obtuse angle, P lies an acute angle.
if a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 < 0 and origin lies in obtuse angle if
79. Given the planes x + 2y – 3z + 5 = 0 and
a1a2 + b1 b2 + c1c2 > 0.
2x + y + 3z + 1 =0. If a point P is (2, –1, 2), then
Further point (x1, y1, z1) and origin both lie either in acute
(a) O and P both lie in acute angle between the planes
angle or in obtuse angle, if (a1x1 + b 1y1 + c1z1 + d1)
(b) O and P both lie in obtuse angle
(a2x1 + b2y1 + c2z1 + d2) > 0. One of (x1, y1, z1) and origin lie
in acute angle and the other in obtuse angle, if (c) O lies in acute angle, P lies in obtuse angle

(a1x1 + b1y1 + c1z1 + d1) (a2x1 + b2y1 + c2z1 + d2) < 0 (d) O lies in obtuse angle, P lies an acute angle.

80. Given the planes x + 2y – 3z + 2 = 0 and

x – 2y + 3z + 7 = 0, if the point P is (1, 2, 2), then

(a) O and P both lie in acute angle between the planes

(b) O and P both lie in obtuse angle

(c) O lies in acute angle, P lies in obtuse angle

(d) O lies in obtuse angle, P lies an acute angle.

VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 64

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

       
VECTORS 6. Let V  2 i  j  k and W  i  3k. If U is a unit vector,,
Objective Question I [Only one correct option] then the maximum value of the scalar triple product
  
   U V W is :  (2002)
1. If the vectors a , b and c form the sides BC, CA and AB
respectively of a triangle ABC, then : (2000)
(a) – 1 (b) 10  6
           
(a) a  b  b  c  c  a  0 (b) a  b  b  c  c  a
(c) 59 (d) 60
           
(c) a  b  b  c  c  a (d) a  b  b  c  c  a  0      
  
7.  
If a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , a  b  1 and a  b  ĵ  k̂, then b is :
2. If a , b and c are unit coplanar vectors, then the scalar
(2003)
     
 
triple product  2a  b  2b  c   2c  a   is equal to :
(a) î  ĵ  k̂ (b) 2 ĵ  k̂
(2000)
(c) î (d) 2 î
(a) 0 (b) 1
  
8. If a , b, c are three non-zero, non-coplanar vectors and
(c) – 3 (d) 3
 
     b  a    b  a 
3. If a , b and c are unit vectors, then b1  b   2 a , b 2  b   2 a,
a a
 2  2  2
a  b  b  c  c  a does not exceed : (2001)        
  c  a  c b    c  a  c  b1 
c1  c   2 a   2 b, c2  c   2 a   2 b1,
|a| | b| |a| | b|
(a) 4 (b) 9
(c) 8 (d) 6      
  c  a  c  b2    ca 
  c3  c   2 a   2 b2 , c4  a   2 a.
4. Let a  î  k̂ , b  x î  ĵ  (1  x )k̂ and |a| |b| |a|

 Then which of the following is a set of mutually orthogonal


c  yî  xˆj + (1 + x – y) k̂ Then a b c  depends on : vectors ? (2005)
     
(2001)  
(a) a, b1 , c1 (b) a , b1 , c2 
(a) only x (b) only y      
(c) a, b , c 
2 3 (d) a, b , c 
2 4
(c) neither x nor y (d) both x and y
 
    9. Let a  ˆi  2ˆj  k, ˆ c  ˆi  ˆj  k.
ˆ b  ˆi  ˆj  k, ˆ
5. If a and b are two unit vectors such that a  2b and
    
5a  4b are perpendicular to each other, then the angle A vector coplanar to a and b has a projection along c of
 
between a and b is : (2002) 1
magnitude , then the vector is : (2006)
3
(a) 45º (b) 60º

1 2 (a) 4î  ˆj  4k̂ (b) 4î  ĵ  4k̂

(c) cos 1   (d) cos 1  
3 7
(c) 2î  ĵ  k̂ (d) none of these
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 65

       (b) square
10. Let a , b, c be unit vectors such that a  b  c  0 . Which
one of the following is correct ? (2007) (c) rectangle, but not a square
   (d) rhombus, but not a square
(a) a  b  b  c  c  a  0
14. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram ABCD are given by
  
(b) a  b  b  c  c  a  0  
AB  2iˆ  10ˆj  11kˆ and AD  ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ . The side AD
      is rotated by an acute angle  in the plane of the
(c) a × b = b× c = a × c  0
parallelogram so that AD becomes AD’. If AD’ makes a
     
(d) a  b, b  c, c  a are mutually perpendicular right angle with the side AB, then the cosine of the angle 
is given by (2010)
11. Let two non–collinear unit vectors â and b̂ form an acute
angle. A point P moves so that at any time t the position 8 17
(a) (b)
9 9
vector OP (where O is the origin) is given by â cos t + b̂
sin t. When P is farthest from origin O, let M be the length
1 4 5
of OP and û be the unit vector along OP . Then, (c) (d)
9 9
(2008)
 
15. ˆ b  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and c  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ be three
Let a  ˆi  ˆj  k,
â  b̂  
(a) û 
| â  b̂ |
and M  (1  â  b̂)1 / 2 vectors. A vector v in the plane of a and b, whose

 1
projection on c is , is given by (2011)
â  b̂ 3
(b) û  and M  (1  â  b̂)1 / 2
| â  b̂ |
(a) ˆi  3jˆ  3kˆ (b) 3iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ
â  b̂
(c) û  and M  (1  2â  b̂)1 / 2 (c) 3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ (d) ˆi  3jˆ  3kˆ
| â  b̂ |
   
16. If a and b are vectors such that | a  b | = 29 and
â  b̂ 
(d) û  and M  (1  2â  b̂)1 / 2 
| â  b̂ |    
a  2iˆ  3jˆ  4kˆ  2iˆ  3jˆ  4kˆ  b, then a possible

         
12. If a , b, c and d are the unit vectors such that (a  b)  (c  d ) =1 value of (a  b) .  7iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ  is (2012)

(a) 0 (b) 3
  1
and a  c = , then (2009)
2 (c) 4 (d) 8
   17. The equation of the plane passing through the point
(a) a , b, c are non–coplanar
(1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to the planes
   2x + y – 2z = 5 and 3x – 6y – 2z = 7, is (2017)
(b) a , b, d are non–coplanar
  (a) –14x + 2y + 15z = 3 (b) 14x – 2y + 15z = 27
(c) b, d are non–parallel (c) 14x + 2y – 15z = 1 (d) 14x + 2y + 15z = 31
    18. Let O be the origin and let PQR be an arbitrary triangle.
(d) a , d are parallel and b, c are parallel
The point S is such that
13. Let P, Q, R and S be the points on the plane with position            
OP.OQ  OR.OS  OR.OP  OQ.OS  OQ.OR  OP.OS
vectors 2iˆ  ˆj, 4i,
ˆ 3iˆ  3jˆ and  3iˆ  2ˆj respectively. The
quadrilateral PQRS must be a (2010) Then the triangle PQR has S as its (2017)

(a) parallelogram, which is neither a rhombus nor a (a) incentre (b) circumcentre
rectangle (c) orthocenter (d) centroid
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 66
  
19. Let O be the origin, and OX, OY, OZ be three unit vectors ^ ^

   23. The vector(s) which is/are coplanar with vectors i  j  2kˆ
in the directions of the sides QR, RP, PQ, respectively, of
^ ^ ^ ^
a triangle PQR. Then (2017) and i  2 j  ˆk , and are perpendicular to the vector i  j  ˆk
 
| OX  OY | is/are (2011)
(a) sin(P + R) (b) sin 2R ^ ^ ^ ^

(c) sin (P + Q) (d) sin (Q + R) (a) j  k (b)  i  j

20. If the triangle PQR varies, then the minimum value of cos ^ ^ ^ ^
(P + Q) + cos (Q + R) + cos (R + P) (2017) (c) i  j (d)  j  k

3 3 24. A line l passing through the origin is perpendicular to the

(a)  (b)
2 2 lines

5 5 l1 : 3  t ˆi   1 2t ˆj   4  2t  kˆ , –   t  

(c) (d) 
3 3
21. Let Q be the cube with the set of vertices l2 : 3  2s ˆi   3  2s ˆj   2  s  ˆk , –   s  

 x , x
1 2 , x 3   R 3 : x1 , x 2 , x 3 0,1 . Let F be the set of all Then, the coordinate(s) of the point(s) on l2 at a distance
twelve lines containing the diagonals of the six faces of of 17 from the point of intersection of l and l1 are
the cube Q. Let S be the set of all four lines containing
the main diagonals of the cube Q; for instance, the (2013)
line passing through the vertices (0, 0, 0) and (1, 1, 1)
is in S. For lines l1 and l2, let d(l1,l2) denote the shortest  7 7 5
distance between them. Then the maximum value of (a)  , ,  (b) (–1, –1, 0)
 3 3 3
d(l1,l2), as l1 varies over F and l2 varies over S, is
(2023)
7 7 8
1 1 (c) (1, 1, 1) (d)  , , 
9 9 9
(a) (b)
6 8
  
25. Let x, y and z be three vectors each of magnitude 2
1 1
(c) (d)
3 12  
and the angle between each pair of them is . If a is a
3
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
    
22. Let A be a vector parallel to line of intersection of planes non-zero vector perpendicular to x and y  z and b is
P1 and P2 through the origin. P1 is parallel to the vectors   
a non-zero vector perpendicular to y and z  x, then
2 ĵ  3k̂ and 4 ĵ  3k̂ and P2 is parallel to ĵ  k̂ and 3î  3 ĵ ,
(2014)

then the angle between vector A and 2î  ĵ  2k̂ is   
(2006)
(a) b  b . z    z  x 
      
(a) (b) (b) a   a . y   y  z 
2 4
    
(c)

(d)
3 (c) a.b    a . y  b . z  
6 4
    
(d) a   a . y   z  y 
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 67
    
26. Let PQR be a triangle. Let a  QR, b  RP and c  PQ. (a) a + b = 4
    (b) a – b = 2
If a  12, b  4 3, b.c  24, then which of the following
(c) The length of the diagonal PQ of the parallelogram
is (are) true ? (2015)
PQRS is 4
2 2
c  c    
(a)  a  12 (b)  a  30 (d) w is an angle bisector of the vectors PQ and PS
2 2

      30. Let O be the origin and OA  2iˆ  2jˆ  k,

ˆ
(c) a  b  c  a  48 3 (d) a . b   72

Let û  u1ˆi  u 2 ˆj  u 3 kˆ be a unit vector in R 3 and 1

27. OB  ˆi  2jˆ  2kˆ and OC  OB  OA  for some
2
1 ˆ ˆ 
wˆ 
6
 
i  j  2kˆ . Given that there exists a vector v in
9
  0. If OB  OC  , then which of the following
  2
R3 such that uˆ  v  1 and wˆ . uˆ  v  1. Which of the
statements is (are) TRUE? (2021)
following statement(s) is(are) correct ? (2016)
(a) There is exactly one choice for such v (a) Projection of OC on OA is 
3
2
(b) There are infinitely many choices for such
(c) If û lies in the xy-plane then |u1| = |u2| 9
(b) Area of the triangle OAB is
(d) If û lies in the xz-plane then 2|u1| = |u3| 2

28. Let L1 and L2 be the following straight line.

9
(c) Area of triangle ABC is
x 1 y z 1 x 1 y z 1 2
L1 :   and L2 :  
1 1 3 3 1 1
(d) The acute angle between the diagonals of the
Suppose the straight line

parallelogram with adjacent sides OA and OC is
x   y 1 z   3
L:  
l m 2
31. Let S be the reflection of a point Q with respect to the
lies in the plane containing L1 and L2, and passes through 
the point of intersection of L1 and L2. If the line L bisects plane given by r    t  p  ˆi  tjˆ  1  p  kˆ where t, p are
the acute angle between the lines L1 and L2, then which of
the following statements is/are TRUE ? (2020) real parameters and ˆi, ˆj, kˆ are the unit vectors along the
three positive coordinate axes. If the position vectors of
(a)     3 (b) l  m  2
Q and S are 10iˆ  15jˆ  20kˆ and ˆi  ˆj  kˆ respectively,,
(c)     1 (d) l  m  0
then which of the following is/are TRUE? (2022)
29. Let a and b be positive real numbers. Suppose
  (a) 3       101
PQ = aiˆ + bjˆ and PS = aiˆ - bjˆ are adjacent sides of a
 
parallelogram PQRS. Let u and v be the projection (b) 3       71
  
vectors of w = iˆ + ˆj along PQ and PS , respectively. If
   (c) 3       86
u + v = w and if the area of the parallelogram PQRS
is 8, then which of the following statements is/are (d) 3         121
TRUE? (2020)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 68

      
32. Let ˆi, ˆj and kˆ be the unit vecotrs along the three positive a  b  b  c  pa  qb  rc , where p,q and r are scalars,
coordinate axes. Let
p 2 + 2q 2 + r 2
 then the value of is (2014)
a  3iˆ  ˆj  k,
ˆ q2
   
b  ˆi  b 2 ˆj  b3 k,
ˆ b 2 , b3  R, 37. Let a and b be two unit vectors such that a.b  0 . For
      
c  c1ˆi  c2 ˆj  c3 k,
ˆ c1 , c 2 , c3  R  
some x, y  R, let c  xa  yb  a  b . If c  2 and the

  
 vector c is inclined at the same angle  to both a and b
be three vectors such that b 2 b3  0, a.b  0 and
and then the value of 8cos 2  is ____ . (2018)
 0 c 3 c 2  1   3  c1 
     38. Let P be a point in the first octant, whose image Q in the
 c3 0 c1  b 2    1  c 2  .
plane x + y = 3 lies on the z-axis (that is, the line segment
 c c1 0    
 2  b3   1  c3  PQ is perpendicular to the plane x + y = 3 and the mid-
point of PQ lies in the plane x + y = 3). Let the distance of
Then, which of the following is/are TRUE ? (2022)
P from the x-axis be 5. If R is the image of P in the xy-
 
(a) a.c 0 (b) b.c  0 plane, then the length of PR is _____. (2018)
 
  39. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and b  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ be two vectors,
(c) b  10 (d) c  11
  
consider a vector c   a   b ,  ,   R. If the projection
Numerical Value Type Questions
  
^ ^
 
of c on the vector a  b is 3 2 , then the minimum value
   i2 j
33. If a and b are vectors in space given by a  and    
5   
of c  a  b .c equals (2019)


^
2i  j  3k
^ ^
     
40. In a triangle PQR, let a  QR, b  RP and c  PQ. If
b , then the value of
14    
  a. (c  b ) |a|
| a |  3, | b |  4 and       , then the value
             c. (a  b ) | a |  | b |
 2 a  b  .  a  b    a  2 b   is .... (2010)
       
of | a  b |2 is ……… . (2020)
 ^ ^  ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
41. Let  and be real numbers such that the system of
34. Let a   i  k , b   i  j and c  i  2 j  3k be three given
linear equations
    
vectors. If r is a vector such that r  b  c  b and x  2y  3z  
 
  4x  5y  6z  
r . a  0, then the value of r . b is..... (2011)

   7x  8y  9z    1
35. If a, b and c are unit vectors satisfying
is consistent. Let |M| represent the determinant of the matrix
     
| a  b |2  | b  c |2  | c  a |2  9, then
  2 
  
| 2a  5b  5c | is (2012) M    1 0 
 1 0 1 
  
36. Let a, b and c be three non-coplanar unit vectors such
Let P be the plane containing all those () for which
 the above system of linear equations is consistent, and D
that the angle between every pair of them is . If
3 be the square of the distance of the point (0, 1, 0) from the
plane P. The value of D is ____. (2021)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 69
   Match the Following
42. Let u, v and w be vectors in three-dimensional space,
  Each question has two columns. Four options are given
where u and v are unit vectors which are not perpendicular representing matching of elements from Column-I and
      Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
to each other and u  w  1, v  w  1, w  w  4 . If the
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the
volume of the parallelopiped, whose adjacent sides are
option corresponding to the correct matching.
  
represented by the vectors u, v and w , is 2 , then the 45. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answer
  using the code given below the lists.
value of 3u  5v is ____. (2021)
List–I List–II
43. Let P be the plane 3x  2y  3z  16 and let d P. Volume of parallelopiped determined by 1. 100
  

S  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ :  2  2   2  1 and the distance of vectors a, b & c is 2. Then, the volume

of the parallelopied determined by vectors

7   
() from the plane P is  . Let u, v and w be three      
2    
2 a  b , 3 b  c and  c  a  is
     
distinct vectors in S such that u  v  v  w  w  u . Q. Volume of parallelopiped determined by 2. 30
Let V be the volume of the parallelepiped determined by   
vectors a, b & c is 5. Then, the volume
   80
vectors u, v and w . Then the value of V is (2023) of the parallelopiped determined by vectors
3
     
Assertion & Reason   
3 a  b , b  c and 2  c  a  is

For the following questions choose the correct answer R. Area of a triangle with adjacent sides 3. 24
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) defined as follows. 

determined by vector a and b is 20. Then,
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true;
Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement the area of the triangle with adjacent
I.
sides determined by vectors
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true;
 
Statement II is not the correct explanation of  2a  3b  and  a  b  is
Statement I.
S. Area of a parallelogram with adjacent 4. 60
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
 
(d) Statement I is false, Statement II is true. sides determined by vectors a and b is

44. Let the vectors PQ, QR, RS, ST, TU and UP represent 30. Then, the area of the parallelogram

the sides of a regular hexagon. with adjacent sides determined by

   
Assertion : PQ  (RS  ST )  0 .  
vectors a  b and a is (2015)

  P Q R S P Q R S
Reason : PQ  RS  0 and PQ  ST  0 . (2007)
(a) 4 2 3 1 (b) 2 3 1 4
(a) A (b) B
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 1 4 3 2
(c) C (d) D
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 70

        
46. Let l 1 and l 2 be the lines  
r1   ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and a . b  c .d  a . c  b .d . (2004)

 50. Consider the cube in the first octant with sides OP, OQ
   
r2  ˆj  kˆ   ˆi  kˆ , respectively. Let X be the set of all and OR of length 1, along the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis,
the planes H that contain the line l1. For a plane H, let d(H) respectively, where O(0, 0, 0) is the origin. Let
denote the smallest possible distance between the points 1 1 1
of l2 and H. Let H0 be plane in X for which d(H0) is the S  , ,  be the centre of the cube and T be the vertex
2 2 2
maximum value of d(H) as H varies over all planes in X.
of the cube opposite to the origin O such that S lies on the
Match each entry in List-I to the correct entries in List-II.        
diagonal OT. If p  SP, q  SQ, r  SR and t  ST , then
List–I List–II
   
(P) The value of d(H0) is (1) 3    
the value of p  q  r  t is ____ (2018)

(Q) The distance of the point (0,1,2) from H0 is (2)

1 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
3
Objective Question I [Only one correct option]
(R) The distance of origin from H0 is (3) 0    
51. Let the vectors a , b, c and d be such that
(S) The distance of origin from the point of (4) 2    
intersection of planes y = z, x = 1 and H0 is
  
a  b  c  d  0. Let P1 and P2 be planes determined by
   
the pairs of vectors a , b and c, d respectively, then the
1
(5) angle between P1 and P2 is: (2000)
2
(a) 0 (b)  / 4
(2023) (c)  / 3 (d)  / 2
The correct option is : 52. The positive value of ‘a’ so that the volume of the
(a) (P) – (2) (Q) – (4) (R) – (5) (S) – (1)
parallelopiped formed by î  aĵ  k̂, ĵ  ak̂ and a î  k̂
(b) (P) – (5) (Q) – (4) (R) – (3) (S) – (1)
becomes minimum is : (2003)
(c) (P) – (2) (Q) – (1) (R) – (3) (S) – (2)
(a) 4 (b) 3
(d) (P) – (5) (Q) – (1) (R) – (4) (S) – (2)
Text (c) 1/ 3 (d) 3
  
47. If u , v, w are three non–coplanar unit vectors and x4 y2 zk
     53. The value of k such that   lies in the
, ,  are the angles between u and v, v and w , w and 1 1 2
    plane 2x – 4y + z = 7, is (2003)
u respectively and x, y, z are unit vectors along the
(a) 7 (b) –7
bisectors of the angles , ,  respectively. Prove that
      (c) No real value (d) 4
[x  y y z z  x]
54. The unit vector which is orthogonal to the vector
1   2    3î  2 ĵ  6k̂ and is coplanar with the vectors 2î  ĵ  k̂
= [u v w ] sec 2 sec2 sec2 . (2003)
16 2 2 2
and î  ĵ  k̂ is : (2004)
48. A plane is parallel to two lines whose direction ratios are
(1, 0, –1) & (–1, 1, 0) and it contains the point (1, 1, 1,). If
it cuts coordinate axes at A, B, C. Then find the volume of 2î  6 ĵ  k̂ 2î  3 ĵ
(a) (b)
the tetrahedron OABC. (2004) 41 13
  
49. If a , b ,c ,d are four distinct vectors satisfying the conditions
3 ĵ  k̂ 4î  3 ĵ  3k̂
        (c) (d)
a  b  c  d and a  c  b  d, then prove that 10 34
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 71

x 1 y  1 z 1 x 3 y  k z 1 1
55. If the lines   and   (a) (b) 
2 3 4 1 2 1 4 4
intersect, then the value of k is (2004)
1 1
(c) (d) 
3 9 8 8
(a) (b)
2 2 61. The point P is the intersection of the straight line joining
the points Q(2, 3, 5) and R(1, –1, 4) with the plane
2 3 5x – 4y – z = 1. If S is the foot of the perpendicular drawn
(c)  (d) 
9 2 from the point T (2, 1, 4) to QR, then the length of the line
segment PS is (2012)
x y z
56. A variable plane   1 at a unit distance from origin
a b c 1
(a) (b) 2
cuts the coordinate axes at A, B and C. Centroid (x, y, z) 2

satisfies the equation 1  1  1  K . Then value of K is (c) 2 (d) 2 2

x 2 y2 z2
62. The equation of a plane passing through the line of
(2005) intersection of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 2 & x – y + z = 3 &
(a) 9 (b) 3 2
(c) 1/9 (d) 1/3 at a distance from the point (3, 1, –1) is (2012)
3
57. A plane passes through (1, –2, 1) and is perpendicular to
two planes 2x – 2y + z = 0 and x – y + 2 z = 4, then the (a) 5x – 11y + z = 17 (b) 2x  y  3 2 1
distance of the plane from the point (1, 2, 2) is (2006)
(c) x  y  z  3 (d) x  2y  1 2
(a) 0 (b) 1
 
(c) (d) 2 2 63. Let PR  3iˆ  ˆj  2k
ˆ and SQ ˆi  3jˆ  4k
ˆ determine
2

58. The number of distinct real values of , for which the diagonals of a parallologram PQRS and PT ˆi  2jˆ  3k
ˆ
be another vector. Then, the volume of the parallelopiped
vectors 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ, iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ and î  ĵ  2 k̂ are   
coplanar, is : (2007) determined by the vectors PT, PQ and PS is (2013)

(a) zero (b) one (a) 5 (b) 20

(c) two (d) three (c) 10 (d) 30
59. The edges of a parallelopiped are of unit length and are 64. Perpendiculars are drawn from points on the line

parallel to non–coplanar unit vectors â , b̂, ĉ such that x  2 y 1 z

  to the plane x + y + z = 3. The feet of
2 1 3
1
. Then the volume of the
â  b̂  b̂  ĉ  ĉ  â  perpendiculars lie on the line. (2013)
2
parallelopiped is (2008) x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
(a) 5  8  13 (b) 2  3   5
1 1
(a) cu unit (b) cu unit
2 2 2 x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
(c) 4  3   7 (d) 2   7  5
3 1
(c) cu unit (d) cu unit
2 3 65. From a point P  , ,   , perpendiculars PQ and PR are
60. Let P (3, 2, 6) be a point in space and Q be a point on the drawn respectively on the lines y = x, z = 1 and
 y = – x, z = – 1. If P is such that QPR is a right angle,

line r  ˆi ˆj  2k   
ˆ   3iˆ ˆj  5kˆ . Then the value of 
then the possible value(s) of  is(are) (2014)

for which the vector PQ is parallel to the plane
(a) 2 (b) 1
x – 4y + 3z = 1 is (2009)
(c) –1 (d)  2
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 72

66. Let P be the image of the point (3, 1, 7) with respect to the 71. Consider a pyramid OPQRS located in the first octant (x
plane x – y + z = 3. Then the equation of the plane passing  0, y 0, z  0) with O as origin, and OP and OR along
the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. The base OPQR of
x y z
through P and containing the straight line   is the pyramid is a square with OP = 3. The point S is directly
1 2 1
above the mid-point T of diagonal OQ such that TS =3.
(2016) Then (2016)
(a) x + y – 3z = 0 (b) 3x + z = 0 
(c) x  4y + 7z = 0 (d) 2x  y = 0 (a) the acute angle between OQ and OS is
3
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] (b) the equation of the plane containing the triangle OQS
is x – y = 0
x 1 y  1 z x 1 y 1 z
67. If the straight lines   and 5  2  K (c) the length of the perpendicular from P to the plane
2 K 2 3
are coplanar, then the plane(s) containing these two lines containing the triangle OQS is
2
is/are (2012)
(d) the perpendicular distance from O to the straight line
(a) y + 2z = –1 (b) y + z = –1
15
(c) y – z = –1 (d) y – 2z = –1 containing RS is
2
y z 72. Let P1 : 2x + y - z = 3 and P2 : x + 2y + z = 2 be two planes.
68. Two lines L1 : x = 5, 3   2 and Then, which of the following statements(s) is (are) TRUE?
(2018)
y z (a) The line of intersection of P1 and P2 has direction ratios
L2 : x = , 1  2   are coplanar. Then,  can take 1, 2, –1

value(s). (2013) (b) The line 3x  4  1  3y  z is perpendicular to the

(a) 1 (b) 2 9 9 3
line of intersection of P1 and P2
(c) 3 (d) 4
(c) The acute angle between P1 and P2 is 60°
69. In R3, consider the planes P1 : y = 0 and P2 : x + z = 1. Let
(d) If P 3 is the plane passing through the point
P3 be the plane, different from P1 and P2, which passes
(4, 2, –2) and perpendicular to the line of intersection
through the intersection of P1 and P2. If the distance of the
of P1 and P2, then the distance of the point (2, 1, 1)
point (0, 1, 0) from P3 is 1 and the distance of a point (
) from P3 is 2, then which of the following relations is 2
from the plane P3 is .
(are) true ? (2015) 3
(a) 2 (b) 2 73. Let L1and L2 denote the lines
(c) 2 (d) 2 
r  i   ( i  2 j  2k ),   R and
70. In R3, let L be a straight line passing through the origin. 
Suppose that all the points on L at a constant distance r   (2i  j  2k ),   R
from the two planes P 1 : x +2y z +1 =0 &
respectively. If L3 is a line which is perpendicular to both
P2 : 2x  y  z  1 = 0. Let M be the locus of the foot of the L1and L2 and cuts both of them, then which of the following
perpendiculars drawn from the points on L to plane P1. options describe (s) L3? (2019)
Which of the following point(s) lie(s) on M.
 1
(2015)     
(a) r  (2i  k )  t (2i  2 j  k ), t  R
3
 5 2  1 1 1
(a)  0,  ,   (b)   ,  ,   2
 6 3  6 3 6       
(b) r  (4i  j  k )  t (2i  2 j  k ), t  R
9
 5 1  1 2
 2
(c)   , 0,  (d)   , 0,       
 6 6  3 3 (c) r  (2i  j  2k )  t (2i  2 j  k ), t  R
9

(d) r  t (2i  2 j  k ), t  R
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 73

74. Three lines Assertion & Reason

 For the following questions choose the correct answer

L1 : r   i,   R
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) defined as follows.

L2 : r  k   ˆj ,   R and (a) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true;
Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement

L3 : r  i  j   k ,   R.
I.
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true;
are given. For which point(s) Q on L2 can we find a point
Statement II is not the correct explanation of
P on L1 and a point R on L3 so that P, Q and R are collinear.
Statement I.
(2019)
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
1
(a) k  j
(d) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
(b) k  j
2
78. Consider the planes
3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and 2x + y – 2z = 5.
1
(c) k (d) k  j
2 Statement–I : The parametric equations of the line of
intersection of the given planes are x = 3 + 14t,
75. Let  ,  ,  ,  be real numbers such that y = 1 – 2t, z = 15t.

 2 +  2 +  2  0 and  +  = 1. Suppose the point Statement–II : The vector 14iˆ  2jˆ 15k
ˆ is parallel to the
(3,2, -1) is the mirror image of the point (1,0, -1) with line of intersection of the given planes. (2007)
respect to the plane  x +  y + yz =  . Then which of (a) A (b) B
the following statements is/are TRUE? (2020) (c) C (d) D
(a)  +  = 2 (b)   y = 3 79. Consider three planes
P1 : x – y + z = 1
(c)    = 4 (d)    +  = 
P2 : x + y – z = 1 and P3 : x – 3y + 3z = 2
Numerical Value Type Questions
Let L1, L2, L3 be the lines of intersection of the planes
76. Consider the set of eight vectors P2 and P3, P3 and P1, P1 and P2, respectively.

V  aiˆ  bjˆ  ck:a

ˆ ,b ,c1,1 . Three non-coplanar Statement–I : At least two of the lines L1, L2 and L3 are

non-parallel.
vectors can be chosen from V in 2p ways. Then, p is
Statement–II : The three planes do not have a common
(2013) point.
77. Three lines are given by (2008)
 (a) A (b) B
r   i,   R
(c) C (d) D
 
   
r   iˆ  ˆj ,   R and r   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ,   R

Let the lines cut the plane x + y + z = 1 at points A,B and

C respectively. If the area of the triangle ABC is  then
the value of (6)2 equals (2019)
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 74

Match the Following 82. Match the following. (2015)

Column–I Column–II
Each question has two columns. Four options are given
representing matching of elements from Column-I and (A) In a triangle XYZ, let a, b, (P) 1
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds and c be the lengths of the
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the sides opposite to the angles
option corresponding to the correct matching.
X, Y and Z, respectively.
80. Consider the following linear equations
sin  X  Y 
ax + by + cz = 0, If 2(ab)=c and   sin Z
,

bx + cy + az = 0,
then possible value of
cx + ay + bz = 0 (2007)
n for which cos(n) = 0 is
Column–I Column–II
(B) In a triangle XYZ, let a, b (Q) 2
(A) a + b + c  0 and (P) the equations represent
and c be the lengths of the
a2 + b2 + c2 planes meeting only at a
sides opposite to the angles X, Y
 ab + bc + ca single point
and Z respectively. If
(B) a + b + c  0 and (Q) the equations represent
1 + cos 2X – 2cos 2Y = 2 sin X sin Y,
a2 + b2 + c2 the lines x = y = z
a
 ab + bc + ca then possible value(s) of is are
b
(C) a + b + c  0 and (R) the equations represent
(C) In R2, let (R) 3
a2 + b2 + c2 identical planes
 ab + bc + ca 3i  ˆj , iˆ  3 ˆj and  iˆ  1    ˆj
(D) a + b + c  0 and (S) the equations represent be the position vectors X, Y
a2 + b2 + c2 the whole of the three and Z with respect to the origin O,
 ab + bc + ca dimensional space. respectively. If the distance of Z
The correct matching is from the bisector of the acute
(a) A-R, B-Q; C-P; D-S   3
angle of OX with OY is , the
(b) A-Q, B-R; C-P; D-S 2
(c) A-S, B-Q; C-P; D-R possible value(s) of || is(are)
(d) A-R, B-Q; C-S; D-P (D) Suppose that F() denotes the (S) 5
81. Consider the lines area of the region bounded
by x = 0, x = 2, y2 = 4x and
x 1 y z  3
L1 :   , L 2 : x  4  y  3  z  3 and the y = |ax  1| + |x  2| + ax,
2 1 1 1 1 2
planes P1 : 7x + y + 2z = 3, P2 : 3x + 5y – 6z = 4. Let where . Then the
ax + by + cz = d the equation of the plane passing through 8
the point of intersection of lines L 1 and L 2 and value(s) of F() + 2,
3
perpendicular to planes P1 and P2.
Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answer when  and , is (are)
using the code give below the lists. (2013) (T) 6
List–I List–II The correct matching is
P. a = 1. 13 (a) A-P,R,S; B-P; C-P,Q; D-S,T
Q. b = 2. –3 (b) A-P,R,S; B-P; C-T,Q; D-S
R. c = 3. 1 (c) A-P,S; B-Q; C-P; D-S,T
S. d = 4. –2 (d) A-S,T; B-P; C-P,Q; D-P,R,S
P Q R S P Q R S
(a) 3 2 4 1 (b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 3 2 1 4 (d) 2 4 1 3
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 75

Passage Based Problem 87. (a) Find the equation of the plane passing through the
Using the following passage, solve Q.83 to Q.85 points (2, 1, 0), (5, 0, 1) and (4, 1, 1).

Consider the lines (b) If P is the point (2, 1, 6), then the point Q such that PQ
is perpendicular to the plane in (a) and the mid point
x 1 y  2 z 1 x 2 y 2 z 3 of PQ lies on it. (2003)
L1 : = = , L2 : = = (2008)
3 1 2 1 2 3 88. T is a parallelopiped in which A, B, C and D are vertices
83. The unit vector perpendicular to both L1 and L2 is of one face and the face just above it has corresponding
vertices A, B, C, D, T is now compressed to S with face
ˆi  7ˆj  7kˆ ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ ABCD remaining same and A, B, C, D shifted to A,
(a) (b) B, C, Din S. The volume of parallelopiped S is reduced
99 5 3
to 90% of T. Prove that locus of A is a plane.
ˆi  7ˆj  5k
ˆ 7iˆ  7ˆj  ˆk (2004)
(c) (d)
5 3 99 89. Find the equation of the plane containing the lines
84. The shortest distance between L1 and L2 is 1
2x – y + z – 3 = 0, 3x + y + z = 5 and at a distance of
6
(a) 0 unit (b) 17 / 3 unit
from the point (2, 1, –1). (2005)
(c) 41 / 5 3 unit (d) 17 / 5 3 unit 90. Incident ray is along the unit vector v̂ and the reflected
85. The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane passing ray is along the unit vector ŵ . The normal is along unit
through the point (–1, –2, –1) and whose normal is vector â outwards. Express ŵ in terms of â and v̂ .
perpendicular to both the lines L1 and L2 is
(2005)
(a) 2 / 75 unit (b) 7 / 75 unit

(c) 13 / 75 unit (d) 23 / 75 unit

Text
  
86. Find 3–dimensional vectors v1 , v 2 , v 3 satisfying
     
v1  v1  4, v1  v 2  2, v1  v 3  6,
     
v 2  v 2  2, v 2  v3  5, v 3  v 3  29 (2001)

Find Answer Key and Detailed Solutions at the end of this book

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3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
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 09
PROBABILITY
 Chapter 09 77

PROBABILITY

1. INTRODUCTION 2. DEFINITIONS AND TYPES OF EVENTS

1.1 Factorial notation : 2.1 Random experiment :

If n  N, then the product 1 × 2 × 3 × ......× n is defined as If an act or an experiment has more than one possible results
factorial n which is denoted by n  or n which are known in advance and it is not possible to predict
which one is going to occur, then such an experiment is
i.e., n  1 × 2 × 3 × ......× n called a random experiment.
We also define 0   The following are some random experiments :
(i) Tossing of a coin
NOTES : (ii) Throwing a six-faced die

n  n(n-1)  (iii) Drawing a card from a well-shuffled pack of cards

(iv) Ten horses run a race
1.2 Permutation :
(v) Two persons are selected out of 10 persons to form a
If n objects are given and we have to arrange r(r  n) out of committee.
them such that the order in which we are arranging the (vi) A ball is drawn from a bag containing 7 balls.
objects is important, then such an arrangement is called
2.2 Outcome :
permutation of n objects taking r at a time. This is denoted
by The result of a random experiment is called an outcome.

n! 2.3 Sample space :

n
Pr = (n  r)!
The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is
called a sample space and its elements are called sample
1.3 Combination :
points. A sample space is usually denoted by S.
If n objects are given and we have to choose r(r  n) out of Illustrations ;
them such that the order in which we are choosing the objects (i) When a fair coin is tossed, then either head or tail
is not important, then such a choice is called combination of will turn up.
n objects taking r at a time. This is denoted by Hence S = {H,T} S contains 2 sample points.
n! (ii) When a six-faced die is thrown, then only one of
n
Cr = r!(n  r)! 1,2,3,4,5,6 will turn up.
Hence S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}. S contains 6 sample points.
1.4 Fundamental Principle of Counting : (iii) Suppose a bag contains 7 balls.
If an event can occur in ‘m’ different ways following which Consider the sample points.
another event can occur in ‘n’ different ways following which (a) The experiment is : one ball is drawn. We can draw
another event can occur in ‘p’ different ways then the total one ball out of the 7 balls in 7C1 = 7 ways.
number of ways of simultaneous occurence of all these The sample space for this experiment contains 7

events in a definite order is m × n × p. sample points.
(where the events are independent of each other )

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(b) The experiment is : two balls are drawn. We can draw 2.8 Intersection of events :
76 If A and B are two events of the sample space S then
2 balls out of the 7 balls in 7C2 = = 21 ways
1 2 A  B or A .B is the event that both A and B take place.
 the sample space for this experiment contains
2.9 Mutually Exclusive events :
21 sample points.
(c) The experiment is : three balls are drawn. Two events A and B of the sample space S are said to be
The sample space for this experiment contains mutually exclusive if they cannot occur simultaneously. In
such case A  B is a null set.
7
765
C3 = = 35 sample points 2.10 Exhaustive events :
1 2  3

2.4 Event : Two events A and B of the sample space S are said to be
exhaustive if A  B = S i.e. A  B contains all sample points.
Any subset of a sample space is called an event.
2.11 Probability of an event :
Example :
In a single throw of a die, the event of getting a prime number Let A be an event in a sample space S. Then the probability
is E  {2,3,5} The sample space of the event A denoted by P(A) is defined as,

S  {1,2,3,4,5,6} number of samplepoint sin A n(A)

P(A) = =
 E  S  E is an event number of sample point sin S n(S)

2.5 Complementary event : Theorem :

If E is an event of a sample space S, prove that 0  P(E)  1
Let A be an event in a sample space S. Then A is a subset of
S We can hence think of the complement of A in S, i..e., S-A. and P(E’ ) = 1 - P(E), where E’ is the complementary event of E.
This is also a subset of S and hence an event in S. This Proof :
event is called the complementary event of A and is denoted Suppose the sample space S contains n sample points and
by A or A’
m
Now, suppose S contains n sample points, A contains m the event E contains m sample points. Then P(E) =
n
sample points, Then A’ will contain
m
n - m sample points. Now, 0  m  n  0  1
n
2.6 Impossible event :
 0  P(E)  1
Let S be a sample space. Since   S, So  is an event, Further E’ contains n - m sample points,
called an impossible event.  P(E’) = 1 - P(E)
2.12 Equally likely event :
NOTES :
The events are said to be equally likely if none of them is
The event E and E’ are such that only one of them can occur
expected to occur in preference to the other.
in a trial and at least one of them must occur.
Ex :- When a die is thrown, then all the side faces are equally
likely to come.
2.7 Union of events :

If A and B are two events of the sample space S then A  B

or A + B is the event that either A or B (or both) take place.

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2.13 Odds in favour of A : It is defined as P(A) : P(A) NOTES :

Odds against A : It is defined as P(A) : P(A) If one coin is tossed n times or n coins are tossed once the
sample space consists of same number of sample points.
If P(A) : P(A) = x : y then i.e. n(S) = (2)n
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...
x y
P(A)= and P(A)= 1 card is picked n(S) = 52C1 = 52
x y x y
2 cards are drawn. n(S) = 52C2= 1326
3. EXPERIMENT NO 1 : TOSSING COINS
5. EXPERIMENT NO 3: PACK OF CARDS
Tossing one coin :
Let S be the sample space S  {H,T}, n (S) = 2 5.1 There are 4 suits (spade, heart, diamond and club)
each having 13 cards.
Tossing two coin :
5.2 There are two colours red (heart and diamond) and
Let S be the sample space S  {HH, HT, TH, TT}  n (S) = 4
black (spade and club) each having 26 cards.
Tossing three coin : 5.3 Jack, Queen and King are face cards. Therefore face
Let S be the sample space cards are 12 in pack of cards. Face card is also called
S  {HHH,HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT} a picture card.
 n (S) = 8 5.4 There are four aces. Ace is not a picture card.
5.5 Face cards and Ace cards are known Coloured Cards.
NOTES :
Theorem 1
1. No head means all tails. If E is an event of sample space S then 0  P(E)  1
2. At least one head means one head or two heads or three Proof :
heads
As E  S
3. At most two heads means two heads or one head or no
head (all tail).  0  n(E)  n(S)

0 n(E) n(S)
4. EXPERIMENT NO 2 : THROWING DIE / DICE  
 n(S) n(S) n(S) ( n(S)  0.

One six faced die is thrown :  0  P(E)  1

S  {1,2,3,4,5,6}  n(S) = 6
Two dice are thrown : NOTES :

P(E) = 0 if and only if E is an impossible event and

(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (5,1), (6,1)  P(E) = 1 if and only if E is a certain event
(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2) 
 
(1,3), (2,3), (3,3), (4,3), (5,3), (6,3)  Theorem 2
S 
(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4)  If E is an event of sample space S and E’ is the event that
(1,5), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5), (5,5), (6,5)  E does not happen then
 
(1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6), (6, 6)  P(E’) = 1 - P(E)
Proof :
 n(S) = 36 E’ is the event that E does not happen.
 E and E’ are complements of each other.

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 n(E) + n(E’) = n(S) Dividing by n(S), ( n(S)  0.) 4. If A, B and C are independent events with non-zero
probabilities then P(A B B) = P(A) . P(B) . P(C)
n(E ) n(E' ) n(S )
   5. If A1, A2, A3,... An are independent events with non-zero
n(S ) n(S ) n(S )
probabilities, then
 P(E) + P(E’) = 1
P (A1 A2 A3 ......An) =P (A1) . P (A2)... P (An)
 P(E’) = 1 - P(E)
6. P [exactly one of A or B occurs]
Theorem 3
= P(A B’) + P (A’ B)
(i) If A and B are two events of sample sapce S, prove that
= P(A B) – P (A B)
P (A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A B).
(ii) P(A B C) = P(A) + P(B) + P (C) – P (A B) = P(A) + P(B) – 2P (A B)

– P (B C) – P (C A) + P (A BC) 7. P(A’ B’) = P (A B)’ = 1 – P (A B)

Theorem 4 8. P(A’ B’) = P (A B)’ = 1 – P (A B)

Show that if A and B are independent events defined on S 9. P(A) = P(A B) +P (A B’)
then 10. P(B) = P(A B) + P(A’ B)
(i) A & B’ (ii) A’ & B (iii) A’ & B’ are 11. P(A B C) = P(A) + P (B) + P (C)
independent events where A and B are mutually exclusive
– P(A B) – P(B C) – P (C A)
events of A’ and B’ respectively.
+ P (A B C)
Ans. Since A and B are known to be independent events.
We have P(AB) = P(A) . P(B) 12. P (A B C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) if A, B and C are mutually
exclusive.
(i) P(A B’ ) = P(A) – P (A B) = P(A) – P (A). P(B)
= P (A) (1 – P(B)) 13. If A and B are mutually exclusive and exhausive events then
P(A) + P(B) = 1
= P (A) . P(B’)
 A and B’ are independent events 14. If A, B and C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
then
(ii) P(A’ B) = P(B) – P(A B) = P(B) – P(A) . P(B)
P (A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1
= P (B) (1–P(A)) = p(B) . P(A’)
 A’ and B are independent events 7. CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
(iii) P(A’ B’) = P (A B)’ = 1 – P (A B)
Let A and B be two events associated with a random
= 1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P (A B)] experiment. Then, the probability of occurrence of event A
= 1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P (A) . (B)] under the condition that B has already occurred and
= 1 – PA – P(B) + P(A) . P (B) P (B)  0, is called the conditional probability of event A and
it is denoted by P (A/B). Thus, we have
= [1–P(A)] – P(B) [1–P(A)]
P (A/B) = Probability of occurence of A given that B has
= [1–P(A)] [1–P(B)] = P(A’) . P(B’)
already occurred.
 A’ and B’ are independent events.
Number of elementary events favourable A  B
6. IMPORTANT RESULTS P (A / B) 
Number of elementary events favourable to B

1. A and B are mutually exclusive if P(AB) = 0.

n ( A  B)
 P ( A / B) 
2. They are independent if P (A B) = P(A) . P(B) n ( B)
3. Two independent events with non-zero probabilities cannot
be mutually exclusive. P (A  B)
 P (A/B)=
P (B)

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81

Theorem
10. THE LAW OF TOTAL PROBABILITY
If A and B are two events associated with a random
experiment, then Theorem : (Law of Total Probability) Let S be the sample space
P (A B) = P (A) P (B/A), if P (A) 0 and let E1, E2, ..., En be n mutually exclusive and exhaustive
events associated with a random experiment. If A is any
NOTES : event which occurs with E1 or E2 or ... or En, then
P (A) = P (E1) P (A/E1) + P (E2) P (A/E2) + ... + P (En) P (A/En)
1. 0 P(A/B) 1
2. P (A/A) = 1

8. INDEPENDENT EVENTS

Definition :
Events are said to be independent, if the occurrence or non-
occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the
occurrence or non-occurrence of the other.
Theorem 1 :
If A and B are independent events associated with a random
experiment, then P (A B) = P (A) P (B).
Theorem 2 : 11. STATEMENT OF BAYES’ THEOREM
If A1, A2, ..., An are independent events associated with a If B1, B2, B3,... Bn are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
random experiment, then & if A is an event consequent to these Bi’s then for each i,
P (A1 A2 A3 ... An) = P (A1) P (A2) ... P (An) where i = 1, 2, 3...., n
Theorem 3 :
P (B i ) P  A 
If A and B are independent events associated with a random P 
Bi   Bi 

A
  A     
experiment, then P(B 1 ) P    P (B 2 ) P  B  .....  P (B n ) P  A B 
A
 B1   2   n 

(i) A and B are independent events

(ii) A and B are independent events P (Bi ) P  A 

B
P  i    Bi 
 A n
(iii) A and B are also independent events.
 P (Bi ) P  A 
i 1  Bi 
9. MULTIPLICATION THEOREM (OR) PRODUCT
THEOREM (OR) THEROREM OF COMPOUND
PROBABILITY

If A and B are two events in a sample space S such that

P(A)  0 & P(B)  0, then the probability of simultaneous
occurence of the two events A and B is given by
P (A B) = P(A) . P(B/A) = P(B) . P (A/B).
* For three events A, B and C P(A B C)
12. RANDOM VARIABLE AND PROBABILITY
= P(A) . P (B/A) . P (C/A B) DISTRIBUTION
* For four events A, B, C and D P(ABCD)
= P(A) . P(B/A). P(C/AB).P(D/ABC) 12.1 Random Variable : Let S be a sample space associated with
a random experiment. Then a real valued function X: SR is

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PROBABILITY
82

called a random function or random variable. 13.2 Variance (2) or second moment about mean or 2nd central
12.2 Discrete Random Variable : A real valued function defined moment = 2.
on discrete sample space S is called a discrete random 2 = 2 = E{x - E (x)}2
variable. = E(x2) - {E(x)}2
12.3 Continuous Random Variable : A random variable X defined = 21(0) - 11 (0)2
on continuous sample space S, which can take all real values
in an interval (a, b) is called a continuous random variable. = xi2 P(xi) - {xi P(xi)}2

12.4 Discrete Random Variable : If a discrete variable X can 14. BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
assume values X1, X2, X3,....Xn with respective probabilities
P(X1), P(X2), P(X3) ..... P(Xn) such that P(Xi)  0,  i and 14.1 Bernoulli Trials : Trials of a random experiment are called
P(Xi) = 1, then X is said to be a discrete random variable. Bernoulli trials if they satisfy the following conditions :
12.5 Probability Mass Functions : If X is a discrete random (i) They are finite in number.
variable which can assume values Xi; i = 1, 2, 3, .... With (ii) They are independent of each other.
respective probabilities P i; i = 1, 2, 3.... such that
(iii) Each trial has exactly two outcomes : success or

failure.
 P  1, then P(X = x ) = P ; i = 1, 2,3,.... is called probability
i i i
i 1 (iv) The probability of success or failure remains same in
mass function of a discrete random variable X. (OR) If any each trial.
function P(X=x) gives the probabilities of various values of (v) The probability of success is p and failure is q such
a discrete random variable X in its range, then that function that p + q = 1
is called probability mass function.
(vi) The probability of r successes in n trails in any order
12.6 Probability Distribution : The set of ordered pairs {xi, P(xi)} is given by nCr pr qn–r.
is called the probability distribution of a discrete random 14.2 Binomial Distribution : Let X denote the random variable
variable X. which associates every outcome to the number of successes
in it. Then, X assumes values 0, 1, 2, ..., n such that
13. MEANS AND VARIANCE
P (X = r) = nCr pr qn–r, r = 0, 1, 2, ..., n.
If {xi, P(xi)} is the probability distribution of a discrete random The probability distribution of the random variable X is
variable X, then its: therefore given by
13.1 Mean or Average : ( x or  ) : Expected value of x or X: 0 1 2 ... r ... n
n 0 n–0 n 1 n–1 n 2 n–2 n r n–r n
mathematical expectation of x:E(x) or First moment about P(X) : C0p q C1 p q C2 p q ... Crp q ... Cnpnqn – n
origin: 1’(0) is defined as x    1 '(0)   xi P( xi ) . 14.3 Mean & Variance :
Mean = np
Variance = npq

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PROBABILITY 83

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Classical Probability 5. Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen
at random. The probability that the triangle with three
1. Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons vertices is equilateral equals
apply for the houses. Each applies for one house without
1 1
consulting others. The probability that all the three apply (a) (b)
2 5
for the same house, is
1 1
1 2 (c) (d)
(a) (b) 10 20
9 9
6. x1, x2, x3, ...... x50 are fifty numbers such that xr < xr + 1 for
7 8 r = 1, 2, 3, ...., 49. Five numbers out of these are picked
(c) (d) up at random. The probability that the five numbers
9 9
have x20 as the middle number is
2. Fifteen coupons are numbered 1, 2, ..., 15, respectively.
20
Seven coupons are selected at random one at a time with C2  30 C2 30
C2  19 C2
(a) 50 (b) 50
replacement. The probability that the largest number C2 C5
appearing on a selected coupon is 9, is
19
C2  31C3
6 7 (c) 50 (d) none the these
 9 8 C5
(a)   (b)  
 16   15 
7. The probability that the birthdays of six different people
will fall in exactly two calendar months is
7
3
(c)   (d) None of these 1 12 26
5 (a) (b) C2 
6 126
3. Seven white balls and three black balls are randomly
placed in a row. The probability that no two black balls 12 26  1 341
(c) C2  (d)
are placed adjacently, equals 12 6
125
8. A, B, C are three events for which P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.4,
1 7
(a) (b) P(C) = 0.5, P(A  B)  0.8 , P(A  C)  0.3 and
2 15
P(A  B  C)  0.2 . If P(A  B  C)  0.85 then the
2 1 interval of values of P(B  C) is
(c) (d)
15 3
(a) [0.2, 0.35] (b) [0.55, 0.7]
4. An Urn contains 'm' white and 'n' black balls. All the balls (c) [0.2, 0.55] (d) none of these
except for one ball, are drawn from it. The probability
9. A and B are two events. Odds against A are 2 : 1. Odds
that the last ball remaining in the Urn is white, is
in favour of A  B are 3 : 1. If x  P(B)  y , then the
m n ordered pair (x, y) is
(a) (b)
mn mn
5 3 2 3
(a)  ,  (b)  , 
 12 4 3 4
1 mn
(c) (m  n)! (d) (m  n)!
1 3
(c)  ,  (d) none of these
3 4
PROBABILITY 84

15. If from each of the three boxes containing 3 white and 1

3 1 4
10. If P (B)  , P(A / B)  and P (A  B)  , then black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 white and 3 black balls, one
5 2 5
ball is drawn at random, then the probability that 2 white
P ((A B)’) + P (A’ B) = and 1 black balls will be drawn, is

1 4 13 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
5 5 32 4

1 3
1 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 1 32 16
2
16. Three persons A, B and C fire at a target in turn, starting
Multiplication Theorem & Independent Events with A. Their probabilities of hitting the target are 0.4,
0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The probability of two hits is
11. A problem in mathematics is given to three student A, B,
(a) 0.024 (b) 0.188
C and their respective probability of solving the problem
(c) 0.336 (d) 0.452
is 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4. Probability that the problem is solved,
is 17. A box contains 3 orange balls, 3 green balls and 2 blue
balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the box
(a) 3/4 (b) 1/2
without replacement. The probability of drawing 2 green
(c) 2/3 (d) 1/3 balls and one blue ball is
12. The probability that A speaks truth is 4/5, while this
2 3
probability for B is 3/4. The probability that they (a) (b)
21 28
contradict each other when asked to speak on a fact, is
(a) 7/20 (b) 1/5 1 167
(c) (d)
(c) 3/20 (d) 4/5 28 168

13. If A and B are independent events such that 18. The probability that certain electronic component fails
0 < P (A) < 1 and 0 < P (B) < 1, then which of the following when first used is 0.10. If it does not fail immediately,
is not correct ? the probability that it lasts for one year is 0.99. The
probability that a new component will last for one year
(a) A and B are mutually exclusive
is
(b) A and B’ are independent
(a) 0.891 (b) 0.692
(c) A’ and B are independent (c) 0.92 (d) none of these
(d) A’ and B’ are independent 19. The probability that an event A happens in one trial of
14. Let A and B be two events such that an experiment is 0.4. Three independent trials of the
experiments are performed. The probability that the event
1 1
P (A  B)  , P (A  B)  and A happens at least once is
6 4
(a) 0.936 (b) 0.784
1 (c) 0.904 (d) None of these
P(A)  , where A stands for the complement of the
4 20. India plays two matches each with West Indies and
event A. Then the events A and B are : Australia. In any match the probabilities of India getting
(a) independent and equally likely points 0, 1 and 2 are 0.45, 0.05 and 0.50 respectively.
Assuming that the outcomes are independent, the
(b) mutually exclusive and independent
probability of India getting at least 7 points, is
(c) equally likely but not independent
(a) 0.8750 (b) 0.0875
(d) independent but not equally likely
(c) 0.0625 (d) 0.0250
PROBABILITY 85
21. An unbiased die with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is 26. Assume that in a family, each child is equally likely to be
rolled four times. Out of four face values obtained, the
a boy or a girl. A family with three children is chosen at
probability that the minimum face value is not less than
random. The probability that the eldest child is a girl
2 and the maximum face value is not greater than 5, is
given that the family has atleast one girl is
(a) 16/81 (b) 1/81
(c) 80/81 (d) 65/81
1 1
22. A coin is tossed n times. The probability of getting at (a) (b)
2 3
least one head is greater than that of getting at least
5 2 4
two tails by . Then n is (c) (d)
32 3 7
(a) 5 (b) 10
27. Let A = {2, 3, 4, ...., 20, 21}. A number is chosen at random
(c) 15 (d) none of these
from the set A and it is found to be a prime number. The
23. An unbiased cubic die marked with 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 is rolled
3 times. The probability of getting a total score of 4 or 6 probability that it is more than 10 is
is
9 1
16 50 (a) (b)
10 10
(a) (b)
216 216

60 1
(c) (d) none (c) (d) none of these
216 2

24. A Urn contains 'm' white and 'n' black balls. Balls are 28. Three distinguishable balls are distributed in three cells.
drawn one by one till all the balls are drawn. Probability The probability that all three occupy the same cell, given
that the second drawn ball is white, is
that atleast two of them are in the same cell, is
m n(m  n  1)
(a) (b) (m  n)(m  n  1) 1 1
mn (a) (b)
7 9
m(m  1) mn
(c) (m  n)(m  n  1) (d) (m  n)(m  n  1)
1
(c) (d) none of these
6
Conditional Probability
29. In a certain town, 40% of the people have brown hair,
25. The probabilities of four cricketers A, B, C and D scoring
25% have brown eyes and 15% have both brown hair
1 1 1 1
more than 50 runs in a match are , , and . It is and brown eyes. If a person selected at random from the
2 3 4 10
town, has brown hair, the probability that he also has
known that exactly two of the players scored more than
brown eyes, is
50 runs in a particular match. The probability that players
were A and B is
1 3
(a) (b)
27 5 5 8
(a) (b)
65 6

1 2
1 (c) (d)
(c) (d) none of these 3 3
6
PROBABILITY 86

30. A pair of numbers is picked up randomly (without 35. In an entrance test there are multiple choice questions.
replacement) from the set{1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19}. There are four possible answers to each question of
The probability that the number 11 was picked given which one is correct. The probability that a student knows
that the sum of the numbers was even, is nearly : the answer to a question is 90%. If he gets the correct
answer to a question, then the probability that he was
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.125 guessing, is
(c) 0.24 (d) 0.18
37 1
31. For a biased die the probabilities for the diffferent faces (a) (b)
40 37
to turn up are given below :
Faces : 1 2 3 4 5 6 36 1
(c) (d)
Probabilities : 0.10 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17 37 9

The die is tossed & you are told that either face one or 36. Two coins are available, one fair and the other two
face two has turned up. Then the probability that it is headed. Choose a coin and toss it once assume that the
face one is : 3
unbiased coin is chosen with probability . Given that
(a) 1/6 (b) 1/10 4
(c) 5/49 (d) 5/21 the outcome is head, the probability that the two-headed
coin was chosen is
32. The probability that an automobile will be stolen and found
within one week is 0.0006. The probability that an automobile 3 2
(a) (b)
will be stolen is 0.0015. The probability that a stolen 5 5
automobile will be found in one week is
1 2
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.4 (c) (d)
5 7
(c) 0.5 (d) 0.6
37. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He
Total Probability Law and Baye's Theorem throws a dice and reports that it is six. The probability
that it is actually six is
33. A letter is known to have come either from LONDON or
CLIFTON; on the postmark only the two consecutive 3 1
letters ON are legible. The probability that it came from (a) (b)
8 5
LONDON is
3
5 12 (c) (d) none of these
(a) (b) 5
17 17
38. One bag contains 5 white and 4 black balls. Another bag
17 3 contains 7 white and 9 black balls. A ball is transferred
(c) (d)
30 5 from the first bag to the second and then a ball is drawn
from second. The probability that the ball is white, is
34. For k = 1, 2,3 the box Bk contains k red balls and (k + 1)
(a) 8/17 (b) 40/153
1 1 1
white balls. Let P(B1 )  , P(B2 )  and P(B3 )  . A (c) 5/9 (d) 4/9
2 3 6
39. Three groups A, B, C are competing for positions on the
box is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. If a
Board of Directors of a company. The probabilities of
red ball is drawn, then the probability that it has come
their winning are 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 respectively. If the group A
from box B2, is
wins, the probability of introducing a new product is 0.7
35 14 and the corresponding probabilities for group B and C
(a) (b) are 0.6 and 0.5 respectively. The probability that the new
78 39
product will be introduced, is
10 12 (a) 0.18 (b) 0.35
(c) (d)
13 13 (c) 0.10 (d) 0.63
PROBABILITY 87

40. A survey of people in a given region showed that 20% 44. If X and Y are the independent random variables B
were smokers. The probability of death due to lung cancer,  1  1
given that a person smoked, was 10 times the probability  5,  and B  7,  , then P(X  Y  1) 
 2  2
of death due to lung cancer, given that a person did not
smoke. If the probability of death due to lung cancer in 4095 309
(a) (b)
the region is 0.006, what is the probability of death due 4096 4096
to lung cancer given that a person is a smoker
4032
(a) 1/140 (b) 1/70 (c) (d) none of these
4096
(c) 3/140 (d) 1/10 45. The mean and variance of a random variable X having a
41. A, B and C are contesting the election for the post of binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively, then
secretary of a club which does not allow ladies to become P (X = 1) is
members. The probabilities of A, B and C winning the 1 1
(a) (b)
4 32
1 2 4
election are , and respectively. The probabilities
3 9 9
1 1
(c) (d)
of introducing the clause of admitting lady members to 16 8
the club by A, B and C are 0.6, 0.7 and 0.5 respectively. 46. 6 ordinary dice are rolled. The probability that at least
The probability that ladies will be taken as members in half of them will show at least 3 is
the club after the election is
24 24
(a) 41  (b)
26 5 36 36
(a) (b)
45 9
24
(c) 20  (d) none of these
19 36
(c) (d) none of these
45 47. The probability of guessing correctly atleast 8 out of 10
answers on a true-false type examination is
42. A certain player, say X, is know to win with probability
0.3 if the track is fast and 0.4 if the track is slow. For 7 7
(a) (b)
Monday, there is a 0.7 probability of a fast-track and 0.3 64 128
probability of slow track. The probability that player X
45 7
will win on Monday, is (c) (d)
1024 41
(a) 0.22 (b) 0.11
48. Suppose that a random variable X follows Binomial
(c) 0.33 (d) none of these distribution with parameters n and p, where 0 < p < 1. If
P (X = r)/P (X = n – r) is independent of n and r, then p is
Bernoulli trials and binomial distribution equal to

43. A coin is tossed 7 times. Each time a man calls head. 1 1

(a) (b)
The probability that he wins the toss on more occasions 2 3
is
1 1
(c) (d)
1 5 5 7
(a) (b)
4 8 49. How many times must a man toss a fair coin so that the
probability of having atleast one head is more than 90%?
1 (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) (d) none of these
2 (c) 4 (d) 5
PROBABILITY 88

50. One hundred identical coins, each with probability, p, of 56. If the integers m and n belongs to set of first hundred
showing up heads are tosses once. If 0 < p < 1 and the natural numbers then the probability that a number of
probability of heads showing on fifty coins is equal to the form 7m + 7n is divisible by 5 is
that of heads showing on 51 coins, then the value of p is:
(a) 1/2 (b) 49/101 1 1
(a) (b)
(c) 50/101 (d) 51/101 5 7

Misc Examples-Probability
1 1
(c) (d)
51. An unbiased die is tossed until a number greater than 4 4 49
appears. The probability that an even number of tosses
57. The number 'a' is randomly selected from the set
is needed is
{0, 1, 2, 3, ...... 98, 99}. The number 'b' is selected from the
1 2 same set. Probability that the number 3a + 7b has a digit
(a) (b)
2 5 equal to 8 at the units place, is

1 2 1 2
(c) (d) (a) (b)
5 3 16 16
52. Ram and Shyam throw with one dice for a prize of Rs 88
which is to be won by the player who throws 1 first. If 4 3
(c) (d)
Ram starts, then mathematical expectation for Shyam is 16 16
(a) Rs 32 (b) Rs 40 58. Four tickets marked 00, 01, 10 and 11 respectively are
(c) Rs 48 (d) none of these placed in bag. A ticket is drawn at random five times,
53. A square is inscribed in a circle. If p1 is the probability being replaced each time. The probability that the sum
that a randomly chosen point of the circle lies within of the numbers on the ticket is 15, is
the square and p2 is the probability that the point lies
outside the square then 3 5
(a) (b)
(a) p1  p 2 1024 1024

2 2 1 7
(b) p1  p 2 and p1  p 2  (c) (d) none of these
3 1024

(c) p1  p 2 59. 2n boys are randomly divided into two subgroups

containing n boys each. The probability that the two
(d) none of these
tallest boys are in different groups is
54. A pair of dice is rolled again and again till a total of 5 or
a total of 7 is obtained. The chance that a total of 5 n n 1
comes before a total of 7 is (a) (b)
2n  1 2n  1
2 3
(a) (b) 2n  1
5 7
(c) (d) none of these
4n 2
3
(c) (d) none of these 60. 5 girls and 10 boys sit at random in a row having 15
13
chairs numbered as 1 to 15. Find the probability that
55. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all end seats are occupied by the girls and between any
determinants of order 2 with elements 0 or 1 only. The
two girls odd number of boys sit, is
probability that value of the determinant chosen is
positive is
20  10! 5! 20  10!
(a) (b)
16 7 15! 15!
(a) (b)
81 16
20  5!
3 (c) (d) none of these
15!
(c) (d) none of these
16
PROBABILITY 89

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 4. Let 9 distinct balls be distributed among 4 boxes, B1, B2,
B3 and B4. If the probability that B3 contains exactly 3
deleted from JEE Main
9
1. Words with or without meaning are to be formed using 3
balls is k   then k lies in the set ?
all the letters of the word EXAMINATION. The 4
probability that the letter M appears at the fourth
position in any such word is: (2021-07-20/Shift-1) (2021-07-25/Shift-1)

1 1 (a) x  R : x  5  1 (b) x  R : x  2  1
(a) (b)
9 66
(c) x  R : x  3  1 (d) x  R : x  1  1
2 1
(c) (d) 5 *. A student appeared in an examination consisting of 8
11 11
true – false type questions. The student guesses the
2. The probability of selecting integers a   5,30 such answers with equal probability. The smallest value of
n, so that the probability of guessing at least ‘n’ correct
that x 2  2  a  4  x  5a  64  0, for all x  R, is:
1
answers is less than , is: (2021-07-27/Shift-2)
(2021-07-20/Shift-1) 2
(a) 5 (b) 3
1 7
(a) (b) (c) 6 (d) 4
4 36
6. Four dice are thrown simultaneously and the numbers
2 1 shown on these dice are recorded in 2 × 2 matrices. The
(c) (d)
9 6 probability that such formed matrices have all different
entries and are non-singular, is:
3. Let A, B and C be three events such that the probability
that exactly one of A and B occurs is (1–k), the probability (2021-07-22/Shift-2)
that exactly one of B and C occurs is (1–2k), the
23 22
probability that exactly one of C and A occurs is (1–k) (a) (b)
81 81
and the probability of all A, B and C occur
simultaneously is k2, where 0 < k < 1. Then the
45 43
probability that at least one of A, B and C occur is ? (c) (d)
162 162
(2021-07-20/Shift-2)
7 *. Let X be a random variable such that the probability
1
(a) Greater than 1
2 function of a distribution is given by P  X  0   ,
2
1 1
(b) Greater than but less than 1
4 2 P  X  j   j  1, 2, 3,...,   . Then the mean of the
3j
1 distribution and P(X is positive and even) respectively
(c) Exactly equal to are: (2021-07-25/Shift-2)
2

1 3 1 3 1
1 (a) and (b) and
(d) Greater than but less than 4 9 4 16
8 4

3 1 3 1
(c) and (d) and
8 8 4 8
PROBABILITY 90

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 4 2

deleted from JEE Main (a)
9
(b)
9
8. A fair coin is tossed n-times such that the probability of
getting at least one head is at least 0.9. Then the minimum 1 5
(c) (d)
value of n is ____ . (2021-07-25/Shift-2) 3 12
9 *. A fair die is tossed until six is obtained on it. Let X be 12. Each of the persons A and B independently tosses three
the number of required tosses, then the conditional fair coins. The probability that both of them get the
probability P  x  5 | x  2  is: (2021-08-26/Shift-2) same number of heads is: (2021-08-27/Shift-2)

25 11 5 5
(a) (b) (a) (b)
36 36 8 16

125 5 1
(c) (d) (c) (d) 1
216 6 8

10. When a certain biased die is rolled, a particular face 13. An electric instrument consists of two units. Each unit
1 must function independently for the instrument to
occurs with probability – x and its opposite face
6 operate. The probability that the first unit functions is
0.9 and that of the second unit is 0.8. The instrument is
1
occurs with probability  x . All other faces occur switched on and it fails to operate. If the probability
6
that only the first unit failed and second unit is
1 functioning is p, then 98p is equal to ___________ ?
with probability . Note that opposite faces sum to in
6 (2021-08-31/Shift-1)

any die. If 0  x 
1
, and the probability of obtaining 14. Let S  1, 2,3, 4,5, 6 . Then the probability that a
6
randomly chosen onto function g from S to S satisfies
13
total sum = 7, when such a die is rolled twice, is , then g  3  2g 1 is: (2021-08-31/Shift-2)
96
the value of x is: (2021-08-27/Shift-1)
1 1
(a) (b)
1 1 5 30
(a) (b)
9 12
1 1
(c) (d)
1 1 15 10
(c) (d)
8 16
15*. The probability distribution of random variable X is
11. Let A and B be independent events such that
given by :
P  A   p, P  B   2p. The largest value of p, for which
X 1 2 3 4 5
5 P(X) K 2K 2K 3K K
P (exactly one of A, B occurs)  , is:
9
1 X  4 
(2021-08-26/Shift-1) Let p  P   , If 5p  K, then  is equal
 X3 

to___________. (2021-08-27/Shift-2)
PROBABILITY 91

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 17 4

deleted from JEE Main (c)
36
(d)
9
16. Let A denote the event that a 6-digit integer formed by
20. Let there be three independent events E1, E2 and E3. The
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 without repetitions, be divisible by 3.
probability that only E1 occurs is  only E2 occurs is 
Then probability of event A is equal to
and only E3 occurs is . Let ‘p’ denote the probability of
(2021-03-16/Shift-2) none of events occurs that satisfies the equation

9 11 (  2) p   and (  3 ) p  2. All the given

(a) (b)
56 27 probabilities are assumed to lie in the interval (0, 1).

3 4 Probability of occrrence of E1
Then, is equal to
(c) (d) Probability of occurrence of E 3
7 9

17. A pack of cards has one card missing. Two cards are ………………. . (2021-03-17/Shift-1)
drawn randomly and are found to be spades. The 21*. Let in a Binomial distribution, consisting of 5
probability that the missing card is not a spade, is independent trails, probabilities of exactly 1 and 2
(2021-03-16/Shift-1) successes be 0.4096 and 0.2048 respectively. Then the
probability of getting exactly 3 successes is equal to :
39 52
(a) (b) (2021-03-18/Shift-2)
50 867
40 80
22 (a) (b)
3 243 243
(c) (d)
425 4
32 128
18. Let a computer program generate only the digits 0 and 1 (c) (d)
625 625
to form a string of binary numbers with probability of
22. The probability that two randomly selected subsets of
1
occurrence of 0 at even places be and probability of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} have exactly two elements in their
2
intersection, is : (2021-02-24/Shift-2)
1
occurrence of 0 at the odd place be . Then the 65 35
3 (a) (b)
28 27
probability that ‘10’ is followed by ‘01’ is equal to :
(2021-03-17/Shift-2) 135 65
(c) (d)
29 27
1 1
(a) (b)
3 9 23. An ordinary dice is rolled for a certain number of times.
If the probability of getting an odd number 2 times is
1 1 equal to the probability of getting an even number 3
(c) (d)
18 6 times, then the probability of getting an odd number for
odd number of times is (2021-02-24/Shift-1)
19. Two dices are rolled. If both dices have six faces
numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11, then the probability that 1 5
the sum of the numbers on the top faces is less than or (a) (b)
32 16
equal to 8 is : (2021-03-17/Shift-1)
3 1
5 1 (c) (d)
(a) (b) 16 2
12 2
PROBABILITY 92

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 27. The coefficients a, b and c of the quadratic equation,
deleted from JEE Main ax 2  bx  c  0 are obtained by throwing a dice three
times. The probability that this equation has equal roots
24. Let Bi  i  1, 2,3 be three independent events in a
is: (2021-02-25/Shift-1)
sample space. The probability that only B1 occurs is ,
only B2 occurs is  and only B3 occurs is . Let p be the 5 1
(a) (b)
probability that none of the events Bi occurs and these 216 36

4 probabilities satisfy the equations    2  p   1 1

(c) (d)
54 72
and    3  p  2 (All the probabilities are assumed
28. When a missile is fired from a ship, the probability that
P  B1  1
to lie in the interval (0, 1)). Then is equal to
P  B3  it is intercepted is
3
and the probability that the missile

______. (2021-02-24/Shift-1) 3
hits the target, given that it is not intercepted, is . If
25. Let A be a set of all 4-digit natural numbers whose exactly 4
one digit is 7. Then the probability that a randomly three missiles are fired independently from the ship, then
chosen element of A leaves remainder 2 when divided the probability that all three hit the target, is:
by 5 is : (2021-02-25/Shift-2) (2021-02-25/Shift-1)

97 122 3 3
(a) (b) (a) (b)
297 297 4 8

2 1 1 1
(c) (d) (c) (d)
9 5 27 8

26. In a group of 400 people, 160 are smokers and non- 29. A seven digit number is formed using digits 3, 3, 4, 4, 4,
vegetarian; 100 are smokers and vegetarian and the 5, 5. The probability, that number so formed is divisible
by 2, is (2021-02-26/Shift-2)
remaining 140 are non-smokers and vegetarian. Their
chances of getting a particular chest disorder are 35%, 1 6
20% and 10% respectively. A person is chosen from the (a) (b)
7 7
group at random and is found to be suffering from the
chest disorder. The probability that the selected person 4 3
(c) (d)
is a smoker and non-vegetarian is: 7 7
(2021-02-25/Shift-2)
30*. A fair coin is tossed a fixed number of times. If the
probability of getting 7 heads is equal to probability of
14 7
(a) (b) getting 9 heads, then the probability of getting 2 heads
45 45
is : (2021-02-26/Shift-1)

8 28 15 15
(c) (d) (a) (b)
45 45 213 28

15 15
(c) (d)
214 212
PROBABILITY 93

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are probability, that the sum of the numbers obtained is
48, is (JEE Main 2022)
deleted from JEE Main 7 7
31. Bag A contains 2 white, 1 black and 3 red balls and (a) 11 (b) 12
2 2
bag B contains 3 black, 2 red and n white balls. One
3 13
bag is chosen at random and 2 balls drawn from it at (c) 10 (d) 12
random, are found to be 1 red and 1 black. If the
2 2
36. Let a biased coin be tossed 5 times. If the probability
6
probability that both balls come from Bag A is , of getting 4 heads is equal to the probability of getting
11
5 heads, then the probability of getting almost two
then n is equal to .................... . (JEE Main 2022)
heads is: (JEE Main 2022)
(a) 13 (b) 6
275 36
(c) 4 (d) 3 (a) 5 (b) 4
6 5
32. *If a random variable X follows the Binomial
181 46
distribution B (33, p) such that (c) (d)
55 64
3P  X  0   P  X  1 , then the value of
37. If a point A  x, y  lies in the region bounded by the y-
P ( X  15) P ( X  16)
 is equal to axis, straight lines 2 y  x  6 and 5 x  6 y  30 , then
P ( X  18) P ( X  17)
the probability that y  1 is: (JEE Main 2022)
(JEE Main 2022)
(a) 1320 (b) 1088 1 5
(a) (b)
120 1088 6 6
(c) (d)
1331 1089 2 6
(c) (d)
3 7
33. *A random variable X has the following probability 38. The probability, that in a randomly selected 3-digit
distribution : number at least two digits are odd, is
X 0 1 2 3 4 (JEE Main 2022)
P X  k 2k 4k 6k 86 9 5
(a) (b)
36 36
The value of P (1  X  4 | X  2) is equal to :
3 23
(JEE Main 2022) (c) (d)
36 36
4 2 39. The probability that a randomly chosen one-one
(a) (b)
7 3
function from the set a, b, c, d  to the set {1, 2, 3,
3 4
(c) (d) 4, 5} satisfies f (a )  2 f (b)  f (c)  f ( d ) is :
7 5
(JEE Main 2022)
34. Let E1 and E2 be two events such that the conditional
1 1
1 3 (a) (b)
probabilities P ( E1 | E2 )  , P ( E2 | E1 )  and 24 40
2 4
1 1
1 (c) (d)
P ( E1  E2 )  . Then : (JEE Main 2022) 30 20
8
40. The probability that a randomly chosen 2  2 matrix
(a) P ( E1  E2 )  P ( E1 )  P ( E2 )
with all the entries from the set of first 10 primes, is
(b) P ( E1  E2 )  P ( E1)  P ( E2 ) singular, is equal to : (JEE Main 2022)
(c) P ( E1  E2 )  P ( E1 )  P ( E2 ) 133 18
(a) 4 (b) 3
(d) P ( E1  E2 )  P ( E1 )  P ( E2 ) 10 10
35. A biased die is marked with numbers 2,4, 8,16, 32,32 19 271
(c) (d)
on its faces and the probability of getting a face with 103 104
1
mark n is . If the die is thrown thrice, then the
n
PROBABILITY 94

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 46. Let S be the sample space of all five digit numbers. If
p is the probability that a randomly selected number
deleted from JEE Main
41. The probability that a relation R from  x, y to  x, y from S, is a multiple of 7 but not divisible by 5, then

is both symmetric and transitive, is equal to : 9p is equal to (JEE Main 2022)

(JEE Main 2022) (a) 1.0146 (b) 1.2085
5 9 (c) 1.0285 (d) 1.1521
(a) (b)
16 16
47. *Let X have a binomial distribution B  n, p  such that
11 13
(c) (d) the sum and the product of the mean and variance of X
16 16
42. If the numbers appeared on the two throws of a fair six k
are 24 and 128 respectively. If P ( X  n  3)  n ,
faced die are  and  , then the probability that 2
then k is equal to (JEE Main 2022)
x 2   x    0, for all x  R, is :
(a) 528 (b) 529
(JEE Main 2022) (c) 629 (d) 630
17 4 48. A six faced die is biased such that 3  P (a prime
(a) (b)
36 9 number)  6  P (a composite number)  2  P (1). Let
1 19
(c) (d) X be a random variable that counts the number of times
2 36 one gets a perfect square on some throws of this die. If
43. If A and B are two events such that the die is thrown twice, then the mean of X is :
1 1 1 (JEE Main 2022)
P ( A)  , P ( B )  and P ( A  B)  , then
3 5 2 3 5
(a) (b)
P ( A | B )  P ( B | A) is equal to (JEE Main 2022) 11 11
3 5 7 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 11 11
5 7 49. Out of 60% female and 40% male candidates
(c) (d) appearing in an exam, 60% candidates qualify it. The
4 8
number of females qualifying the exam is twice the
44. Let E1 , E2 , E3 be three mutually exclusive events such number of males qualifying it. A candidate is
2  3p 2 p randomly chosen from the qualified candidates. The
that P  E1   , P ( E2 )  and P ( E3 )
6 8 probability, that the chosen candidate is a female, is :
1 p (JEE Main 2022)
 . If the maximum and minimum values of p
2 3 11
(a) (b)
are p1 and p2 , then ( p1  p2 ) is equal to : 4 16
(JEE Main 2022) 23 13
2 5 (c) (d)
(a) (b) 32 16
3 3
2
5 50. Let A and B be two events such that P ( B A)  ,
(c) (d) 1 5
4
45. Let X be a binomially distributed random variable with 1 1
P( A B)  and P ( A  B)  . Consider
4 7 9
mean 4 and variance . Then 54 P ( X  2) is equal
3 5 1
( S1) P ( A ' B ) , ( S 2) P ( A ' B ')  . Then
to (JEE Main 2022) 6 18
73 146 (JEE Main 2022)
(a) (b)
27 27 (a) Both (S1) and (S2) are true
(b) Both (S1) and (S2) are false
146 126
(c) (d) (c) Only (S1) is true
81 81
(d) Only (S2) is true
PROBABILITY 95

51. Let S  {1, 2, 3, ....., 2022}. Then the probability, that a 58. Let  be the sample space and A   be an event.
randomly chosen number n from the set S such that Given below are two statements:
HCF  n, 2022   1 , is : (JEE Main 2022) (S1): If P  A   0 , then A  

128 166 (S2): If P  A  1 , then A  

(a) (b)
1011 1011 Then (JEE Main 2023)
127 112 (a) only (S1) is true
(c) (d)
337 337 (b) only (S2) is true
52. Bag I contains 3 red, 4 black and 3 white balls and Bag (c) both (S1) and (S2) are true
II contains 2 red, 5 black and 2 white balls. One ball is (d) both (S1) and (S2) are false
transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is draw 59. Let M be the maximum value of the product of two
from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be black in positive integers when their sum is 66. Let the sample
colour. Then the probability, that the transferred ball is  5 
space S   x  Z : x  66  x   M  and the event
red, is : (JEE Main 2022)  9 

(a)
4
(b)
5 A   x  S : x is a multiple of 3 . Then P  A is
9 18
equal to (JEE Main 2023)
1 3 155 1
(c) (d) (a) (b)
6 10 44 3
53. In an examination, there are 10 true-false type
1 7
questions. Out of 10, a student can guess the answer of (c) (d)
5 22
3
4 questions correctly with probability and the 60. Fifteen football players of a club-team are given 15 T-
4
shirts with their names written on the backside. If the
1 players pick up the T-shirts randomly, then the
remaining 6 questions correctly with probability . If
4 probability that at least 3 players pick the correct T-
the probability that the student guesses the answers of shirt is (JEE Main 2023)
27 k 5 2
exactly 8 questions correctly out of 10 is 10 , then k (a) (b)
4 24 15
is equal to ____. (JEE Main 2022)
1
54. If the probability that a randomly chosen 6-digit (c) (d) None of these
6
number formed by using digits 1 and 8 only is a
61. There rotten apples are mixed accidently with seven
multiple of 21 is p, then 96 p is equal to ………… .
good apples and four apples are drawn one by one
(JEE Main 2022)
without replacement. Let the random variable X
55. Let S   E1 , E2 ,....E8  be a sample of random
denote the number of rotten apples. If  and  2
n
experiment such that P  En   for every n = 1, 2 represent mean and variance of X , respectively, then
36
10   2   2  is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
....... 8. Then the number of elements in the set
 4 (a) 20 (b) 250
 A  S : P  A   is (JEE Main 2022) (c) 25 (d) 30
 5
56. A bag contains 4 white and 6 black balls. Three balls 62. Let S  w1 , w2 ,... be the sample space associated to a
are drawn at random from the bag. Let X be the P  wn  1
random experiment. Let P  wn   ,n  2.
number of white balls, among the drawn balls. If  2 is 2
the variance of X, then 100 2 is equal to Let A  2k  3l ; k , l   and B  wn ; n  A . Then
(JEE Main 2022) P  B  is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
57. Let sum and product of the mean and variance of a
binomial distribution are 82.5 and 1350 respectively. 3 3
(a) (b)
Then the number of trials in the binomial distribution 32 64
is: (JEE Main 2022) 1 1
(c) (d)
16 32
PROBABILITY 96

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are 68. Three dice are rolled. If the probability of getting
p
deleted from JEE Main different number on the three dice is , where p and
q
63. If an unbiased die, marked with -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 on its
faces, is through five times, then the probability that q are co-prime, then q  p is equal to
the product of the outcomes is positive, is: (JEE Main 2023)
(JEE Main 2023) (a) 2 (b) 3
881 521 (c) 1 (d) 4
(a) (b) 69. In a bolt factory, machines A, B and C manufacture
2592 2592
440 27 respectively 20%,30% and 50% of the total bolts. Of
(c) (d)
2592 288 their output 3, 4 and 2 percent are respectively
64. A bag contains 6 balls. Two balls are drawn from it at defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the
random and both are found to be black. The product. If the bolt drawn is found the defective, then
probability that the bag contains at least 5 black balls the probability that it is manufactured by the machine
is (JEE Main 2023) C is (JEE Main 2023)
5 2 3 5
(a) (b) (a) (b)
7 7 7 14
3 5 2 9
(c) (d) (c) (d)
7 6 7 28
65*. In a binomial distribution B  n, p  , the sum and 70*. If the probability that the random variable X takes
product of the mean & variance are 5 and 6 values x is given by
P  X  x   k  x  1 3 x , x  0,1, 2,3,..., where k is
respectively, then find 6  n  p  q  is equal to:
(JEE Main 2023) constant, then P  X  2  is equal to
(a) 51 (b) 52 (JEE Main 2023)
(c) 53 (d) 50 7 7
66. Two dice are thrown independently. Let A be the (a) (b)
27 18
event that the number appeared on the 1st die is less
11 20
than the number appeared on the 2nd die, B be the (c) (d)
18 27
event that the number appeared on the 1st die is even
71. Let N denote the sum of the numbers obtained when
and that on the second die is odd, and C be the event
that the number appeared on the 1st die is odd and that two dice are rolled. If the probability that 2 N  N ! is
on the 2nd is even. Then (JEE Main 2023) m
, where m and n are coprime, then 4m  3n is
(a) the number of favourable cases of the event n
 A  B  C is 6 equal to (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 6 (b) 8
(b) A and B are mutually exchusive
(c) 10 (d) 12
(c) The number of favourable cases of the events A, B
72. Let a die be rolled n times. Let the probability of
and C are 15, 6 and 6
getting odd numbers seven times be equal to the
(d) B and C are independent probability of getting odd numbers nine times. If the
67. A pair of dice is thrown 5 times. For each throw, a k
total of 5 is considered a success. If the probability of probability of getting even number twice is 15 , then
2
k
at least 4 successes is 11 , then k is equal to k is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
3
(a) 60 (b) 15
(JEE Main 2023) (c) 90 (d) 30
(a) 82 (b) 123
(c) 75 (d) 164
PROBABILITY 97

Questions marked with asterisk (*) are (JEE Main 2023)

79. Let A be the event that the absolute difference
deleted from JEE Main between two randomly chosen real numbers in the
73.  
Let S  M   aij  , aij  0,1, 2 ,1  i, j  2 be a sample space  0, 60 is less than or equal to a . If
sample space and A   M  S : M is invertible be an 11
P  A  , then a is equal to ____.
36
event. Then P  A  is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
(JEE Main 2023)
50 47 80. Let the probability of getting head for a biased coin be
(a) (b)
81 81 1
. It is tossed repeatedly until a head appears. Let N
49 16 4
(c) (d)
81 27 be the number of tosses required. If the probability that
74. A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to p
occur as tail. This coin is tossed until a head or three the equation 64 x 2  5 Nx  1  0 has no real root is ,
q
tails occur. If X denotes the number of tosses the
where p and q are co-prime, then q  p is equal to
coin, then the mean of X is (JEE Main 2023)
____. (JEE Main 2023)
21 15
(a)
16
(b)
16 81. A fair n  n  1 faces die is rolled repeatedly until a
81 37 number less than n appears. If the mean of the
(c) (d)
64 16 n
number of 9n tosses required is , then n is equal
75*. The random variable X follows binomial distribution 9
to (JEE Main 2023)
B  n, p  , for which the difference of the mean and the
variance is 1. If 2 P  X  2   3P  X  1 , then
n 2 P  X  1 is equal to (JEE Main 2023)
(a) 11 (b) 16
(c) 12 (d) 15
76. A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. A die is
rolled once and the number of balls equal to the
number obtained on the die are drawn from the bag at
random. The probability that all the balls drawn are
white is (JEE Main 2023)
1 1
(a) (b)
4 5
11 9
(c) (d)
50 50
77. 25% of the population are smokers. A smoker has 27
times more chances to develop lung cancer then a non-
smoker. A person is diagnosed with lung cancer and
k
the probability that this person is a smoker is .
10
Then the value of k is _____. (JEE Main 2023)
78. A bag contains six balls of different colours. Two balls
are drawn in succession with replacement. The
probability that both the balls are of the same colour is
p. Next four balls are drawn in succession with
replacement and the probability that exactly three balls
are of the same colours is q. If p : q  m : n , where m
and n are coprime, then m  n is equal to _____.
PROBABILITY 98

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 5. Mr. Dupont is a professional wine taster. When given a
French wine, he will identify it with probability 0.9 correctly
1. A purse contains 2 six sided dice. One is a normal fair die, as French, and will mistake it for a Californian wine with
while the other has 2 ones, 2 threes, and 2 fives. A die is probability 0.1. When given a Californian wine, he will
picked up and rolled. Because of some secret magnetic identify it with probability 0.8 correctly as Californian, and
attraction of the unfair die, there is 75% chance of picking will mistake it for a French wine with probability 0.2. Suppose
the unfair die and a 25% chance of picking a fair die. The that Mr. Dupont is given ten unlabelled glasses of wine,
die is rolled and shows up the face 3. The probability that three with French and seven with Californian wines. He
a fair die was picked up, is randomly picks a glass, tries the wine, and solemnly says :
"French". The probability that the wine he tasted was
1 1
(a) (b) Californian, is nearly equal to
7 4
(a) 0.14 (b) 0.24
1 1 (c) 0.34 (d) 0.44
(c) (d)
6 24 6. A box contains a normal coin and a double headed coin. A
2. An instrument consists of two units. Each unit must coin selected at random and tossed twice, fell headwise on
function for the instrument to operate. The reliability of both the occasions. The probability that the drawn coin is
the first unit is 0.9 & that of the second unit is 0.8. The a double headed coin is
instrument is tested & fails. The probability that "only the
2 5
first unit failed & the second unit is sound" is : (a) (b)
3 8
(a) 1/7 (b) 2/7
(c) 3/7 (d) 4/7 3 4
(c) (d)
3. A box has four dice in it. Three of them are fair dice but the 4 5
fourth one has the number five on all of its faces. A die is 7. A box contains 5 red and 4 white marbles. Two marbles are
chosen at random from the box and is rolled three times drawn successively from the box without replacement and
and shows up the face five on all the three occassions. the second drawn marble drawn is found to be white.
The chance that the die chosen was a rigged die, is Probability that the first marble is also white is

216 215 3 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
217 219 8 2

216 1 1
(c) (d) none (c) (d)
219 3 4
4. On a Saturday night 20% of all drivers in U.S.A. are under 8. Events A and C are independent. If the probabilities relating
the influence of alcohol. The probability that a driver under A, B and C are P (A) = 1/5;
the influence of alcohol will have an accident is 0.001. The
P (B) = 1/6 ; P (A  C) = 1/20 ; P (B  C) = 3/8 then
probability that a sober driver will have an accident is
0.0001. If a car on a saturday night smashed into a tree, the (a) events B and C are independent
probability that the driver was under the influence of (b) events B and C are mutually exclusive
alcohol, is (c) events B and C are neither independent nor mutually
(a) 3/7 (b) 4/7 exclusive
(c) 5/7 (d) 6/7 (d) events B and C are equiprobable
PROBABILITY 99

9. Assume that the birth of a boy or girl to a couple to be 14. A number x is chosen at random from the set {1, 2, 3,
equally likely, mutually exclusive, exhaustive and 4..... 100}. Define the event: A = the chosen number x
independent of the other children in the family. For a couple
satisfies
 x  10  x  50 
having 6 children, the probability that their "three oldest  0. Then P(A) is:
are boys" is
 x  30 
(a) 0.71 (b) 0.70
20 1
(a) (b) (c) 0.51 (d) 0.20
64 64
15. Three identical dice are rolled. The probability that the
2 8 same number will appear on each of them, is
(c) (d)
64 64
1 1
10. A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.2 and (a) (b)
6 36
P  A  B  = 0.7. If A and B are independent events then
1 3
P(B) equals (c) (d)
18 28
(a) 2/7 (b) 7/9
16. A die is tossed 5 times. Getting an odd number is
(c) 5/8 (d) none of these considered a success. Then the variance of distribution
11. Box A contains 3 red and 2 blue marbles while box B of success is
contains 2 red and 8 blue marbles. A fair coin is tossed. If (a) 8/3 (b) 3/8
the coin turns up heads, a marble is drawn from A, if it
(c) 4/5 (d) 5/4
turns up tails, a marble is drawn from bag B. The probability
that a red marble is chosen, is 17. A fair die is tossed repeatedly. A wins if it is 1 or 2 on
two consecutive tosses and B wins if it is 3, 4, 5 or 6 on
1 2 two consecutive tosses. The probability that A wins if
(a) (b) the die is tossed indefinitely, is
5 5

3 1 1 5
(c) (d) (a) (b)
5 2 3 21

12. Lot A consists of 3G and 2D articles. Lot B consists of 4G 1 2

and 1D article. A new lot C is formed by taking 3 articles (c) (d)
4 5
from A and 2 from B. The probability that an article chosen
18. A and B play a game of tennis. The situation of the
at random from C is defective, is
game is as follows; if one scores two consecutive points
1 2 after a deuce he wins; if loss of a point is followed by
(a) (b) win of a point, it is deuce. The chance of a server to win
3 5
a point is 2/3. The game is at deuce and A is serving.
8 Probability that A will win the match is, (serves are
(c) (d) none changed after each pt)
25
(a) 3/5 (b) 2/5
13. A bowl has 6 red marbles and 3 green marbles. The
probability that a blind folded person will draw a red marble (c) 1/2 (d) 4/5
on the second draw from the bowl without replacing the 19. Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in succession.
marble from the first draw, is The probabilities of I and II scoring a hit correctly are
0.3 and 0.2, respectively. The second plane will bomb if
2 1 the first misses the target. The probability that the target
(a) (b)
3 4 is hit by the second plane, is
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.7
1 5
(c) (d) (c) 0.06 (d) 0.14
2 8
PROBABILITY 100

20. It is given that the event A and B are such that 24. A child throws 2 fair dice. If the numbers showing are
unequal, he adds them together to get his final score. On
1 A 1 B 2
P(A)  , P    and P    . Then P (B) is the other hand, if the numbers showing are equal, he throws
4 B 2 A 3
2 more dice & adds all 4 numbers showing to get his final
1 1 score. The probability that his final score is 6 is:
(a) (b)
2 6
145 146
(a) (b)
1 2 1296 1296
(c) (d)
3 3
147 148
21. Let A and E by any two events with positive (c) (d)
1296 1296
probabilities:
Statement 1 : P(E/A) P(A/E) P(E) 25. A examination consists of 8 questions in each of which
one of the 5 alternatives is the correct one. On the
Statement 2 : P(A/E)  P(AE)
assumption that a candidate who has done no preparatory
(a) Both the statements are false
work chooses for each question any one of the five
(b) Both statements are True alternatives with equal probability, the probability that he
(c) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is false gets more than one correct answer is equal to :
(d) Statement–1 is false, Statement–2 is true (a) (0.8)8 (b) 3 (0.8)8
22. If A and B are two independent events such that (c) 1  (0.8)8 (d) 1  3 (0.8)8

P (A) > 0, and P (B) 1, then P (A / B) is equal to 26. A number is chosen at random from the numbers 10 to 99.
By seeing the number a man will laugh if product of the
(a) 1  P  A / B  (b) 1  P (A / B) digits is 12. If he choose three numbers with replacement
then the probability that he will laugh at least once is
1  P (A  B) P (A)
(c) (d) 3 3
P (B) P (B)  3  43 
(a) 1    (b)  
5  45 
23. Indicate the correct order sequence in respect of the
following :
3 3
I. If the probability that a computer will fail during the  4   43 
(c) 1    (d) 1   
first hour of operation is 0.01, then if we turn on 100  25   45 
computers, exactly one will fail in the first hour of
operation. 27. A fair die is tossed eight times. Probability that on the eighth
II. A man has ten keys only one of which fits the lock. throw a third six is observed is,
He tries them in a door one by one discarding the one
he has tried. The probability that fifth key fits the lock 8 55
(a) C3
is 1/10. 68
III. Given the events A and B in a sample space. If
7
P(A) = 1, then A and B are independent. C 2 .55
(b)
IV. When a fair six sided die is tossed on a table top, the 68
bottom face can not be seen. The probability that the
product of the numbers on the five faces that can be 7
C 2 .55
seen is divisible by 6 is one. (c)
67
(a) FTFT (b) FTTT
(d) none of these
(c) TFTF (d) TFFF
PROBABILITY 101
28. Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing 31. From an urn containing six balls, 3 white and 3 black ones,
cards one by one. If a person selects at random an even number of balls (all the
A : the event that the second card drawn is an ace and different ways of drawing an even number of balls are
B : the event that the first card drawn is an ace card. considered equally probable, irrespective of their number).

then which of the following is true? Then the probability that there will be the same number of
black and white balls among them
4 1
(a) P (A) = ; P (B) =
17 13 4 11
(a) (b)
5 15
1 1
(b) P (A) = ; P (B) =
13 13 11 2
(c) (d)
30 5
1 1
(c) P (A) = ; P (B) = 32. One purse contains 6 copper coins and 1 silver coin ; a
13 17
second purse contains 4 copper coins. Five coins are drawn
16 4 from the first purse and put into the second, and then 2
(d) P (A) = ; P (B) = coins are drawn from the second and put into the first. The
221 51
probability that the silver coin is in the second purse is
29. There are n different gift coupons, each of which can
occupy N(N > n) different envelopes, with the same 1 4
probability 1/N (a) (b)
2 9
P1: The probability that there will be one gift coupon in each
of n definite envelopes out of N given envelopes 5 2
(c) (d)
P2: The probability that there will be one gift coupon in each 9 3
of n arbitrary envelopes out of N given envelopes
Consider the following statements (1  3p) (1  p) (1  2p)
33. If , & are the probabilities of three
3 4 2
n!
(i) P1 = P2 (ii) P1 = mutually exclusive events defined on a sample space S,
Nn
then the true set of all values of p is
N!
(iii) P2 = 1 1  1 
N n (N-n)!
(a)  ,  (b)  ,1
3 2  3 
n! N!
(iv) P2 = (v) P1 = 1 1 1 1 
n
N (N-n)! Nn
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
 4 3 4 2
Now, which of the following is true
34. The probabilities of events, A  B, A, B & A  B are
(a) Only (i) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (v) respectively in A.P. with probability of second term equal
to the common difference. Therefore the events A and B
30. A bag contains 3 R & 3 G balls and a person draws out 3 at
are
random. He then drops 3 blue balls into the bag & again
draws out 3 at random. The chance that the 3 later balls (a) compatible
being all of different colours is (b) independent
(a) 15% (b) 20%
(c) such that one of them must occur
(c) 27% (d) 40%
(d) such that one is twice as likely as the other
PROBABILITY 102

Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] 40. Two real numbers, x & y are selected at random. Given that
35. A bag initially contains one red & two blue balls. An 0  x  1 ; 0  y  1. Let A be the event that y2  x ; B be the
experiment consisting of selecting a ball at random, noting
event that x2  y, then :
its colour & replacing it together with an additional ball of
the same colour. If three such trials are made, then :
(a) probability that atleast one blue ball is drawn is 0.9
1
(a) P (A  B) =
3
(b) probability that exactly one blue ball is drawn is 0.2
(c) probability that all the drawn balls are red given (b) A & B are exhaustive events
that all the drawn balls are of same colour is 0.2
(c) A & B are mutually exclusive
(d) probability that atleast one red ball is drawn is 0.6.
(d) A & B are independent events.
36. If E 1 and E 2 are two events such that P(E 1) = 1/4,
P(E2/E1) =1/2 and P(E1/ E2) = 1/4 41. If A & B are two events such that P(B)  1, BC denotes the
(a) then E1 and E2 are independent event complementry to B, then
(b) E1 and E2 are exhaustive
P (A) - P (A  B)
(c) E2 is twice as likely to occur as E1 
(a) P A BC   1 - P (B)
(d) Probabilities of the events E1  E2 , E1 and E2 are in
G.P.
(b) P (A  B)  P(A) + P(B)  1
37. Let 0 < P(A) < 1 , 0 < P(B) < 1 &
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A). P(B), then :

(c) P(A) > P A B if P A B > P(A)
C

(a) P(B/A) = P(B)  P(A)
(b) P(AC  BC) = P(AC) + P(BC)
 C
C C
(d) P A B + P A B = 1  
(c) P((A  B)C) = P(AC). P(BC)
(d) P(A/B) = P(A) 42. For any two events A & B defined on a sample space ,
38. If M & N are independent events such that
0 < P(M) < 1 & 0 < P(N) < 1, then : P(A) + P(B)-1
(a) P(A/B)  , P (B)  0 is always true
(a) M & N are mutually exclusive P(B)

(b) M & N are independent

(c) M & N are independent (b) P  A  B  = P (A) - P (A  B)

(d) P  M N  + P  M N  = 1 (c) P (A  B) = 1 - P (Ac). P (Bc), if A & B are independent

39. If E and F are the complementary events of E and F (d) P (A  B) = 1 - P (Ac). P (Bc), if A & B are disjoint
respectively and if 0 < P (F) < 1, then
43. For two given events A & B, P (A  B) is :
(a) P (E/F) + P( E /F) = 1
(a) not less than P(A) + P(B) – 1
(b) P (E/F) + P(E/ F ) = 1
(b) not greater than P(A) + P(B)
(c) P ( E /F) + P(E/ F ) = 1
(c) equal to P(A) + P(B) – P (A  B)
(d) P (E/ F ) + P( E / F ) = 1
(d) equal to P(A) + P(B) + P (A  B)
PROBABILITY 103

Numerical Value Type Questions 48. Let A and B are two events such that P(A) > 0.
Assertion : If P (A) + P (B) > 1, then
44. Two integers r and s are chosen one at a time without
P (B/A)  1 – P (B’)/P(A)
replacement from the numbers 1, 2, 3,... 100. Let p be the
Reason : If P (A/B’)  P (A), then P(A)  P(A/B).
probability that r  25 given that s  25. Find the value of
33p. (a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
45. A bag contains n + 1 coins. It is known that one of these
coins has heads on both sides, whereas the other coins Match the Following
are fair. One coin is selected at random and tossed. If the
Each question has two columns. Four options are given
probability that the toss results in heads is 7/12, find n.
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
46. 7 persons are stopped on the road at random and asked Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
about their birthdays. If the probability that 3 of them are to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option
born on Wednesday, 2 on Thursday and the remaining 2 corresponding to the correct matching.

K 49. A determinant  is chosen at random from the set of all

on Sunday is 6 , then K is equal to determinant of order two with elements 0 and 1 only.
7
Value of  Probability
Assertion & Reason (A) 1 (P) 5/8
(B) 0 (Q) 3/16
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is
(C) 2 (R) 3/8
the correct explanation of assertion.
(D) non zero (S) 0
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
The correct matching is
the correct explanation of assertion.
(a) A–Q; B-P; C-S; D-R
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(b) A–P; B-Q; C-S; D-R
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.
(c) A–Q; B-S; C-P; D-R
47. From an urn containing a white and b black balls,
(d) A–Q; B-P; C-R; D-S
k (< a, b) are drawn and laid aside, their colour unnoted.
50. A ten digit number N is formed by using the digits
Then another ball, that is, (k + 1)th ball is drawn.
0 to 9 exactly once. The probability that N is divisible by
Assertion : Probability that (k + 1)th ball drawn is white (A) 4 (P) 1

a (B) 5 (Q) 20/81

is .
ab (C) 45 (R) 17/81
(D) 12 (S) 2/81
Reason : Probability that (k + 1)th ball drawn is black is
The correct matching is
a (a) A–Q; B–R; C–R; D–Q
ab
(b) A–R; B–Q; C–R; D–Q
(a) A (b) B (c) A–Q; B–R; C–Q; D–R
(c) C (d) D (d) A–R; B–R; C–Q; D–Q
PROBABILITY 104

Paragraph Type Questions Using the following passage, solve Q.57 to Q.60

Passage Read the passage given below carefully before attempting

these questions.
Using the following passage, solve Q.51 to Q.53 A standard deck of playing cards has 52 cards. There are
four suit (clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades), each of
Let S and T are two events defined on a sample space with
which has thirteen numbered cards (2, ....., 9, 10, Jack, Queen,
probabilities
King, Ace)
P(S) = 0.5, P(T) = 0.69, P(S/T) = 0.5
In a game of card, each card is worth an amount of points.
51. Events S and T are:
Each numbered card is worth its number (e.g. a 5 is worth 5
(a) mutually exclusive points) ; the Jack, Queen and King are each worth 10 points;
(b) independent and the Ace is worth your choice of either 1 point or 11
(c) mutually exclusive and independent points. The object of the game is to have more points in
(d) neither mutually exclusive nor independent your set of cards than your opponent without going over
21. Any set of cards with sum greater than 21 automatically
52. The value of P(S and T)
loses.
(a) 0.3450 (b) 0.2500
(c) 0.6900 (d) 0.350 Here's how the game played. You and your opponent are
each dealt two cards. Usually the first card for each player
53. The value of P(S or T)
is dealt face down, and the second card for each player is
(a) 0.6900 (b) 1.19 dealt face up. After the initial cards are dealt, the first player
(c) 0.8450 (d) 0
has the option of asking for another card or not taking any
Using the following passage, solve Q.54 to Q.56 cards. The first player can keep asking for more cards until
either he or she goes over 21, in which case the player
A JEE aspirant estimates that she will be successful with loses, or stops at some number less than or equal to 21.
an 80 percent chance if she studies 10 hours per day, with
When the first player stops at some number less than or
a 60 percent chance if she studies 7 hours per day and with
equal to 21, the second player then can take more cards
a 40 percent chance if she studies 4 hours per day. She
until matching or exceeding the first player's number without
further believes that she will study 10 hours, 7 hours and 4
hours per day with probabilities 0.1, 0.2 and 0.7, respectively going over 21, in which case the second player wins, or
until going over 21, in which case the first player wins.
54. The chance she will be successful, is
We are going to simplify the game a little and assume that
(a) 0.28 (b) 0.38
(c) 0.48 (d) 0.58 all cards are dealt face up, so that all cards are visible.
Assume your opponent is dealt cards and plays first.
55. Given that she is successful, the chance she studied for 4
hours, is 57. The chance that the second card will be a heart and a Jack,
is
6 7
(a) (b)
12 12 4 13
(a) (b)
52 52
8 9
(c) (d)
12 12 17 1
(c) (d)
56. Given that she does not achieve success, the chance she 52 52
studied for 4 hour, is
58. The chance that the first card will be a heart or a Jack, is
18 19
(a) (b) 13 16
26 26 (a) (b)
52 52
20 21
(c) (d) 17
26 26
(c) (d) none
52
PROBABILITY 105

59. Given that the first card is a Jack, the chance that it will be 62. Six boys and six girls sit in a row at random. Find the
the heart, is probability that
(a) the six girls sit together
1 4
(a) (b) (b) the boys and girls sit alternatively
13 13

1 1 Fill in the blanks

(c) (d)
4 3
63. For a biased die the probabilities for the different faces to
60. Your opponent is dealt a King and a 10, and you are dealt turn up are given below
a Queen and a 9. Being smart, your opponent does not
take any more cards and stays at 20. The chance that you Face 1 2 3 4 5 6
will win if you are allowed to take as many cards as you Probability 0.1 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17
need, is
This die is tossed and you are told that either face 1 or face
(a) 0.771 (b) 0.088 2 has turned up. Then, the probability that it is face 1, is....
(c) 0.0797 (d) 0.0907
64. A box contains 100 tickets numbered 1, 2, ..., 100. Two
Text tickets are chosen at random. It is given that the maximum
number on the two chosen tickets is not more than 10. The
61. In a test an examinee either guesses or copies or knows the
answer to a multiple choice question with four choices. minimum number on them is 5 with probability....

1 65. If two events A and B are such that P (A c ) = 0.3,

The probability that he make a guess is and the P(B) = 0.4 and P (A Bc) = 0.5 then P[B / (A Bc)] =....
3

1
probability that he copies the answer is . The probability
6

1
that his answer is correct given that he copied it, is .
8
Find the probability that he knew the answer to the question
given that he correctly answered it.
PROBABILITY 106

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 6. Let Ec denotes the complement of an event E. Let E, F, G
be pairwise independent events with P(G) > 0 and
3 1 P (E F G) = 0. Then, P (Ec Fc | G) equals
1. If P (B) = , P (A  B  C ) = and P (A  B  C)  1 ,
4 3 3 (2007)
then P (B C) is (2002)
(a) P (Ec) + P (Fc) (b) P(Ec) – P (Fc)
1 1 (c) P (Ec) – P (F) (d) P (E) – P (Fc)
(a) (b)
12 6
7. An experiment has 10 equally likely outcomes. Let A and
1 1 B be two non-empty events of the experiment. If A
(c) (d) consists of 4 outcomes, the number of outcomes that B
15 9
must have so that A and B are independent, is
2. Two numbers are selected randomly from the set
(2008)
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} without replacement one by one. The
probability that minimum of the two numbers is less than (a) 2, 4, or 8 (b) 3, 6 or 9
4, is (2003) (c) 4 or 8 (d) 5 or 10
(a) 1/15 (b) 14/15 8. Let  be a complex cube root of unity with 1. A fair
(c) 1/5 (d) 4/5 die is thrown three times, If r1, r2 and r3 are the numbers
obtained on the die, then the probability that
3. If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the
r r r
first 100 natural numbers, then the probability that all  1   2   3  0 is (2010)
three of them are divisible by both 2 and 3, is (a) 1/18 (b) 1/9
(2004)
(c) 2/9 (d) 1/36
4 4 9. A signal which can be green or red with probability
(a) (b)
55 35
4 1
and respectively, is received by station A and then
4 4 5 5
(c) (d)
33 1155 transmitted to station B. The probability of each station
4. A fair die is rolled. The probability that the first time 1 3
receiving the singal correctly is . If the signal received
occurs at the even throw, is (2005) 4
(a) 1/6 (b) 5/11 at station B is green, then the probability that the original
(c) 6/11 (d) 5/36 signal green is (2010)

5. One Indian and four American men and their wives are 3 6
to be seated randomly around a circular table. Then, the (a) (b)
5 7
conditional probability that the Indian man is seated
adjacent to his wife given that each American man is 20 9
seated adjacent to his wife, is (2007) (c) (d)
23 20
1 1 10. Three boys and two girls stand in a queue. The
(a) (b)
2 3 probability, that the number of boys ahead of every girl
is at least one more than the number of girls ahead of her,
2 1 is (2014)
(c) (d)
5 5
1 1
(a) (b)
2 3

2 3
(c) (d)
3 4
PROBABILITY 107
11. A computer producing factory has only two plants T1
14. Consider three sets E1  1, 2,3 , F1  1,3, 4 and
and T2. Plant T1 produces 20% and plant T2 produces
80% of the total computers produced. 7% of computers G1  2,3, 4,5 . Two elements are chosen at random,
produced in the factory turn out to be defective. It is
without replacement, from the set E1, and let S1 denote
known that P (computer turns out to be defective given
that it is produced in plant T1) = 10P (computer turns the set of these chosen elements. Let E 2  E1  S1 and
out to be defective given that it is produced in plant T2),
F2  F1  S1 . Now two elements are chosen at random,
where P(E) denotes the probability of an event E. A
without replacement, from the set F2 and let S2 denote
computer produced in the factory is randomly selected
the set of these chosen elements.
and it does not turn out to be defective. Then the
probability that it is produced in plants T2 is (2016) Let G 2  G1  S2 . Finally, two elements are chosen at
random, without replacement from the set G2 and let S3
36 47
(a) (b) denote the set of these chosen elements.
73 79
Let E 3  E 2  S3 . Given that E1 = E3, let p be the
78 75
(c) (d) conditional probability of the event S1  1, 2 . Then
93 83

12. Three randomly chosen nonnegative integers x, y and z the value of p is (2021)
are found to satisfy the equation x + y + z = 10. Then the
1 3
probability that z is even, is (2017) (a) (b)
5 5
1 36
(a) (b)
2 55 1 2
(c) (d)
2 5
6 5
(c) (d) 15. Suppose that
11 11
Box-I contains 8 red, 3 blue and 5 green balls,
13. Let C 1 and C 2 be two biased coins such that the
Box-II contains 24 red, 9 blue and 15 green balls,
2
probabilities of getting head in a single toss are and Box-III contains 1 blue, 12 green and 3 yellow balls,
3
Box-IV contains 10 green, 16 orange and 6 white balls.
1 A ball is chosen randomly from Box-I ; call this ball b. If
, respectively. Suppose  is the number of heads that
3 b is red then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-II, if b
appear when C1 is tossed twice, independently, and is blue then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-III, and
suppose is the number of heads that appear when C2 if b is green then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-IV.
is tossed twice, independently, Then probability that The conditional probability of the event 'one of the
chosen balls is white' given that the event 'at least one
the roots of the quadratic polynomial x 2 - αx + β are
of the chosen balls is green' has happened, is equal to
real and equal, is (2020)
(2022)
40 20
(a) (b) 15 3
81 81 (a) (b)
256 16

1 1
(c) (d) 5 1
2 4 (c) (d)
52 8
PROBABILITY 108

 x 2 y2  2 1
16. Let X   x, y   Z  Z :   1 and y 2  5x  . (c) P(X  Y)  (d) P(X  Y) 
8 20 5 5
 
Three distinct points P, Q and R are randomly 20. There are three bags B1, B2 and B3. The bag B1 contains
chosen from X. Then the probability that P, Q and 5 red and 5 green balls. B2 contains 3 red and 5 green
R form a triangle whose area is a positive integer, is balls and B3 contains 5 red and 3 green balls. Bags B1,
(2023) B 2 and B 3 have probabilities 3/10, 3/10 and 4/10
respectively of being chosen. A bag is selected at
71 73 random and a ball is chosen at random from the bag.
(a) (b)
220 220 Then which of the following options is/are correct ?
(2019)
79 83
(c) (d) (a) Probability that the chosen ball is green, given that
220 220
3
17. Consider an experiment of tossing a coin repeatedly the selected bag is B3 , equals
8
until the outcomes of two consecutive tosses are same.
If the probability of a random toss resulting in head is (b) Probability that the selected bag is B3, given that
1 5
, then the probability that the experiment stops with the chosen ball is green, equals
3 13
head is. (2023)
39
(c) Probability that the chosen ball is green equals
1 5 80
(a) (b)
3 21
(d) Probability that the selected bag is B3, given that

4 2 3
(c) (d) the chosen ball is green, equals
21 7 10

Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] 21. Let E, F and G be three events having probabilities
18. Let E and F be two independent events. The probability 1 1 1
P  E   , P  F  and P G   , and
11 8 6 4
that exactly one of them occurs is and the probability
25
1
P E  F  G   . For any event H, if Hc denotes its
2 10
of none of them occuring is . If P (T) denotes the
25 complement, then which of the following statements
probability of occurence of the event T, then (2011) is(are) TRUE? (2021)

1
4
(a) P (E)  , P(F) 
3 1
(b) P (E)  , P(F) 
2 
(a) P E  F  G c   40
5 5 5 5

1
2
(c) P (E)  , P(F) 
1 3
(d) P (E)  , P(F) 
4  c
(b) P E  F  G   15
5 5 5 5

1 13
19. Let X and Y be two events such that P(X)  , (c) P  E  F  G  
3 24

1 2 5
P(X | Y) 
2
and P(Y | X)  . Then
5
(2017)  c c c
(d) P E  F  G   12

4 1
(a) P(Y)  (b) P(X' | Y) 
15 2
PROBABILITY 109

Numerical Value Type Questions 340 persons had symptom of fever or breathing problem
22. The minimum number of times a fair coin needs to be or both,
tossed, so that the probability of getting at least two 30 persons had all three symptoms (fever, cough and
heads is at least 0.96, is. (2015) breathing problem).
23. Let S be the sample space of all 3×3 matrices with entries If a person is chosen randomly from these 900 persons,
from the set {0,1}. Let the events E1 and E2 is given by then the probability that the person has at most one
symptom is _____________. (2022)
E1  { A  S : det A  0}
29. Let X be the set of all five digit numbers formed using
E2  { A  S : Sum of Entries of A is 7} 1,2,2,2,4,4,0. For example, 22240 is in X while 02244 and
44422 are not in X . Suppose that each element of X has
If a matrix is chosen at random from S, then the
an equal chance of being chosen. Let p be the
conditional probability P(E1|E2) equals _____ (2019)
conditional probability that an element chosen at
24. Let |X| denote the number of elements in a set X. Let random is a multiple of 20 given that it is a multiple of 5.
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6} be a sample space, where each element Then the value of 38p is equal to (2023)
is equally likely to occur. If A and B are independent
Assertion & Reason
events associated with S, then the number of ordered
pairs (A,B) such that 1  |B| < |A| equals (2019) (A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is
the correct explanation of assertion.
25. The probability that a missile hits a target successfully
is 0.75. In order to destroy the target completely, at least (B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
three successful hits are required. Then the minimum the correct explanation of assertion.
number of missiles that have to be fired so that the (C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
probability of completely destroying the target is NOT
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.
less than 0.95, is _____ . (2020)
30. Let H1, H2,......, Hn be mutually exclusive and exhaustive
26. Two fair dice, each with faces numbered 1,2,3,4,5 and 6,
events with P(Hi) > 0, i = 1, 2,...., n. Let E be any other
are rolled together and the sum of the numbers on the
event with 0 < P (E) < 1. (2007)
faces is observed. This process is repeated till the sum
is either a prime number or a perfect square. Suppose Assertion : P(Hi/E) > P (E/Hi) . P (Hi) for
the sum turns out to be a perfect square before it turns i = 1, 2, ....., n
out to be a prime number. If P is the probability that
n
this perfect square is an odd number, then the value Reason :  P (H )  1
i
of 14 P is (2020) i 1

27. A number is chosen at random from the set {1, 2, 3......, (a) A (b) B
2000}. Let be the probability that the chosen number is
(c) C (d) D
a multiple of 3 or a multiple of 7. Then the value of 500p
is ______. (2021) 31. Consider the system of equations

28. In a study about a pandemic, data of 900 persons was ax + by = 0, cx + dy = 0, where a, b, c, d {0, 1}.
collected. It was found that Assertion : The probability that the system of
190 persons had symptom of fever, equations has a unique solution,
is 3/8.
220 persons had symptom of cough,
Reason : The probability that the system of
220 persons had symptom of breathing problem,
equations has a solution, is 1. (2008)
330 persons had symptom of fever or cough or both,
(a) A (b) B
350 persons had symptom of cough or breathing
(c) C (d) D
problem or both,
PROBABILITY 110
Match the Following 33. If P(ui)  i where i = 1, 2, 3,....., n then Lim P( w ) is equal
n 
Each question has two columns. Four options are given
representing matching of elements from Column-I and to
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds (a) 1 (b) 2/3
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option (c) 3/4 (d) 1/4
corresponding to the correct matching.
34. If P(ui) = c, where c is a constant then P(un/w) is equal to
32. Two players, P1 and P2, play a game against each other. In
every round of the game, each player rolls a fair die once, 2 1
where the six faces of the die have six distinct numbers. (a) (b)
n 1 n 1
Let x and y denote the readings on the die rolled by P1 and
P2, respectively. If x > y, then P1 scores 5 points and P2 n 1
scores 0 point. If x = y, then each player scores 2 points. If (c) (d)
n 1 2
x < y, then P1 scores 0 point and P2 scores 5 points. Let Xi
and Yi be the total scores of P1 and P2, respectively, after 35. If n is even and E denotes the event of choosing even
playing the ith round. (2022)
 1
Column–I Column–II numbered urn  P(ui )   , then the value of P(w/E), is
 n
3
(A) Probability of  X 2  Y2  is (P) n2 n2
8 (a) (b)  n  1
2n  1
11
(B) Probability of  X 2  Y2  is (Q) n 1
16 (c) (d)
n 1 n 1
5 Passage – 2
(C) Probability of  X 3  Y3  is (R)
16 Using the following passage, solve Q.36 to Q.38

355 A fair die is tossed repeatedly until a six is obtained. Let

(D) Probability of  X 3  Y3  is (S) X denote the number of tosses required. (2009)
864
36. The probability that X = 3 equals
77
(T) 25 25
432 (a) (b)
216 36
The correct matching is
(a) A-Q, B-R; C-T; D-S 5 125
(c) (d)
(b) A-Q, B-R; C-T; D-T 36 216

(c) A-P, B-R; C-Q; D-S 37. The probability that X  3 equals
(d) A-P, B-R; C-Q; D-T 125 25
(a) (b)
Comprehension Type 216 36
Passage – 1
5 25
Using the following passage, solve Q.33 to Q.35 (c) (d)
36 216
There are n urns each containing n + 1 balls such that
the ith urn contains i white balls and (n + 1 – i) red balls. 38. The conditional probability that X  6 given X > 3 equals
Let ui be the event of selecting ith urn, i = 1, 2, 3, ......, n
125 25
and w denotes the event of getting a white ball. (a) (b)
216 216
(2006)
5 25
(c) (d)
36 36
PROBABILITY 111
Passage – 3 (b) n1 = 2 and n2 = 3
Using the following passage, solve Q.39 and Q.40 (c) n1 = 10 and n2 = 20
Box 1 contains three cards bearing numbers 1,2,3 ; box 2 (d) n1 = 3 and n2 = 6
contains five cards bearing numbers 1,2,3,4,5 and box 3 Passage – 5
contains seven cards bearing numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. A
Using the following passage, solve Q.43 and Q.44
card is drawn from each of the boxes. Let xi be the number
on the card drawn from the ith box, i = 1,2,3. (2014) Football teams T1 and T2 have to play two games against
each other. It is assumed that the outcomes of the two
39. The probability that x1 + x2 + x3 is odd, is games are independent. The probabilities of T1 winning,
29 53 1 1 1
(a) (b) drawing and losing a game against T2 are , and ,
105 105 2 6 3
respectively. Each team gets 3 points for a win, 1point
57 1 for a draw and 0 point for a loss in a game. Let X and Y
(c) (d) denote the total points scored by teams T 1 and T 2,
105 2
respectively, after two games. (2016)
40. The probability that x 1,x 2,x 3 are in an arithmetic
progression, is 43. P(X > Y) is

9 10 1 5
(a) (b)
(a) (b) 4 12
105 105

11 7 1 7
(c) (d) (c) (d)
105 105 2 12

Passage – 4 44. P(X = Y) is

Using the following passage, solve Q.41 and Q.42 11 1
(a) (b)
Let n1 and n2 be the number of red and black balls, 36 3
respectively, in box I. Let n3 and n4 be the number of red
and black balls, respectively, in box II. (2015) 13 1
(c) (d)
41. One of the two boxes, box I and box II, was selected at 36 2
random and a ball was drawn randomly out of this box. Passage – 6
The ball was found to be red. If the probability that this
Using the following passage, solve Q.45 and Q.46
1 There are five students S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 in a music
red ball was drawn from box II is , then the correct
3 class and for them there are five seats R1, R2, R3, R4 and
option(s) with the possible values of n1, n2, n3 and n4 is R5 arranged in a row, where initially the seat Ri is allotted
(are). to the student Si, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. But, on the examination
(a) n1 = 3, n2 = 3, n3 = 5, n4 = 15 day, the five students are randomly allotted the five
seats. (2018)
(b) n1 = 3, n2 = 6, n3 = 10, n4 = 50
45. The probability that, on the examination day, the student
(c) n1 = 8, n2 = 6, n3 = 5, n4 = 20
S1 gets the previously allotted seat R1, and none of the
(d) n1 = 6, n2 = 12, n3 = 5, n4 = 20 remaining students gets the seat previously allotted to
42. A ball is drawn at random from box I and transferred to him/her is
box II. If the probability of drawing a red ball from box I,
3 1
1 (a) (b)
after this transfer, is , then the correct option(s) with 40 8
3
the possible values of n1 and n2 is(are) 7 1
(c) (d)
(a) n1 = 4 and n2 = 6 40 5
PROBABILITY 112

46. For i = 1, 2, 3, 4, let Ti denote the event that the students 49. Let pi be the probability that a randomly chosen point
Si and Si+1 do not sit adjacent to each other on the day of has i many friends, i = 0,1,2,3,4. Let X be a random
the examination. Then, the probability of the event variable such that for i = 0,1,2,3,4, the probability P(X =
T1  T2  T3  T4 is i)= pi. Then the value of 7E(X) is
50. Two distinct points are chosen randomly out of the
1 1 points A1,A2,…,A49. Let p be the probability that they
(a) (b)
15 10 are friends. Then the value of 7p is
Text
7 1
(c) (d) 51. A coin has probability ' p ' of showing head when tossed.
60 5
It is tossed 'n' times. Let pn denote the probability that
Passage – 7 no two (or more) consecutive heads occur. Prove that,
Using the following passage, solve Q.47 and Q.48 p1 = 1 , p2 = 1  p2 & pn = (1  p) pn  1 + p (1  p) pn  2 , for
47. Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another all n  3. (2000)

with replacement, from the set S  1, 2,3,...,100 . Let 52. A and B are two independent events. The probability
that both occur simultaneously is 1/6 and the probability
p 1 be the probability that the maximum of chosen
that neither occurs is 1/3. Find the probabilities of
numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the
occurance of the events A and B separately. (2000)
minimum of chosen numbers is at most 40.
53. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of playing
625 cards. Find the probability that one card is a heart and
The value of p1 is ___. (2021)
4 the other is an ace. (2001)

48. Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another 54. (a) An urn contains 'm' white and 'n' black balls. A ball is
drawn at random and is put back into the urn along with
with replacement, from the set S  1, 2,3,...,100 . Let K additional balls of the same colour as that of the ball
p 1 be the probability that the maximum of chosen drawn. A ball is again drawn at random. What is the
numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the probability that the ball drawn now is white.
minimum of chosen numbers is at most 40. (b) An unbiased die, with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is
thrown n times and the list of n numbers showing up is
125
The value of p 2 is ____. (2021) noted. What is the probability that among the numbers
4
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, only three numbers appear in the list.
Passage – 8 (2001)
Using the following passage, solve Q.49 and Q.50 55. A box contains N coins, m of which are fair and the rest
Consider the 6 × 6 square in the figure. Let A1,A2,…,A49 are biased. The probability of getting a head when a fair
be the points of intersections (dots in the picture) in coin is tossed is 1/2, while it is 2/3 when a biased coin is
some order. We say that Ai and Aj are friends if they are tossed. A coin is drawn from the box at random and is
adjacent along a row or along a column. Assume that tossed twice. The first time it shows head and the second
each point Ai has an equal chance of being chosen. time it shows tail. What is the probability that the coin
drawn is fair? (2002)
56. (a) A person takes three tests in succession. The probability
of his passing the first test is p, that of his passing each
successive test is p or p/2 according as he passes or
fails in the preceding one. He gets selected provided he
passes at least two tests. Determine the probability that
the person is selected.
(b) In a combat, A targets B, and both B and C target A.
The probabilities of A, B, C hitting their targets are
(There are two questions based on PARAGRAPH "II", 2/3 , 1/2 and 1/3 respectively. They shoot simultaneously
the question given below is one of them) (2023) and A is hit. Find the probability that B hits his target
whereas C does not. (2003)
PROBABILITY 113
57. (a) If A and B are independent events, prove that 58. A person goes to office either by car, scooter, bus or
P (A  B) · P (A'  B')  P (C), where C is an event 1 3 2 1
defined that exactly one of A or B occurs. train probability of which being , , and
7 7 7 7
(b) A bag contains 12 red balls and 6 white balls. Six balls respectively. Probability that he reaches office late, if he
are drawn one by one without replacement of which
atleast 4 balls are white. Find the probability that in the 2 1 4 1
takes car, scooter, bus or train is , , and
next two draws exactly one white ball is drawn (leave the 9 9 9 9
answer in terms of nCr). (2004) respectively. Given that he reached office in time, then
what is the probability that he travelled by a car.
(2005)

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PROBABILITY

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 Answer Key
CHAPTER -8 VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
EXERCISE - 1 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE -
Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 77. (3) 78. (6) 79. (c) 80. (b)
5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 81. (c) 82. (c) 83. (d) 84. (c)
9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (a) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87. (b) 88. (b)
13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 89. (a) 90. (a) 91. (d) 92. (a)
17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (b) 93. (a) 94. (d) 95. (b) 96. (c)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (b) 97. (a) 98. (c) 99. (a) 100. (b)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (a) 101. (d) 102. (a) 103. (a) 104. (d)
29. (a) 30. (b) 31. (d) 32. (a) 105. (a) 106. (b) 107. (b) 108. (d)
33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (b) 109. (a) 110. (d) 111. (a) 112. (a)
37. (d) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (c) 113. (c) 114. (d) 115. (b) 116. (d)
41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (a) 117. (b) 118. (a) 119. (b) 120. (d)
45. (d) 46. (b) 47. (a) 48. (b) 121. (c) 122. (c) 123. (d) 124. (c)
49. (d) 50. (b) 51. (c) 52. (a) 125. (a) 126. (d) 127. (d) 128. (b)
53. (c) 54. (c) 55. (4) 56. (46) 129. (d) 130. (c) 131. (c) 132. (c)
57. (17) 58. (2) 59. (2) 60. (5) 133. (b) 134. (1) 135. (2)
61. (1) 62. (3) 63. (2) 64. (0)
65. (7) 66. (2) 67. (17) 68. (0)
69. (2) 70. (50) 71. (70) 72. (3)
73. (2) 74. (14) 75. (3) 76. (3)
ANSWER KEY 115

CHAPTER -8 VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

EXERCISE - 2 :
PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE -
Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (d) 2. (4) 3. (6) 4. (a) 145. (2) 146. (1) 147. (38) 148. (4)
5. (b) 6. (3) 7. (d) 8. (2) 149. (28) 150. (a) 151. (a) 152. (1)
9. (b) 10. (9) 11. (b) 12. (b) 153. (d) 154. (d) 155. (d) 156. (44)
13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (60) 16. (1494) 157. (a) 158. (a) 159. (c) 160. (b)
17. (5) 18. (90) 19. (a) 20. (a) 161. (a) 162. (c) 163. (8) 164. 84
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (28) 24. (d) 165. 2 166. 5 167. 51 168. 137
25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (486) 28. (a) 169. 125 170. 26 171. 28 172. 0
29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (75) 32. (2) 173. 153 174. 2 175. 125 176. 12
33. (12) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (c) 177. 450 178. 10 179. (a) 180. (c)
37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (d) 181. (b) 182. (c) 183. (b) 184. (a)
41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (d) 44. (c) 185. (c) 186. (b) 187. (a) 188. (a)
45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (a) 189. (a) 190. (b) 191. (a) 192. (b)
49. (d) 50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (b) 193. (d) 194. (c) 195. (b) 196. (b)
53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (a) 197. (c) 198. (c) 199. (a) 200. (a)
57. (c) 58. 14 59. 150.00 60. 5.00 201. (d) 202. (b) 203. (d) 204. (b)
61. 36.00 62. 14.00 63. (a) 64. (b) 205. (d) 206. (b) 207. (b) 208. (b)
65. (c) 66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (b) 209. (d) 210. (c) 211. (c) 212. (d)
69. (c) 70. (a) 71. (a) 72. (c) 213. (d) 214. (a) 215. (d) 216. (a)
73. (c) 74. (a) 75. (b) 76. (c) 217. (a) 218. (c) 219. (b) 220. (a)
77. (c) 78. (a) 79. (d) 80. (a) 221. (b) 222. (d) 223. (a) 224. (d)
81. (c) 82. (c) 83. (a) 84. (c) 225. (a) 226. (c) 227. (a) 228. (c)
85. (a) 86. (d) 87. (b) 88. (b) 229. (c) 230. (d) 231. (a) 232. (a)
89. (c) 90. (b) 91. (c) 92. (a) 233. (c) 234. (a) 235. (d) 236. (a)
93. (d) 94. (c) 95. (a) 96. (b) 237. (c) 238. (c) 239. (d) 240. (a)
97. (c) 98. (b) 99. (b) 100. (8.00) 241. (c) 242. (a) 243. (b) 244. (d)
101. (2.00) 102. (36.00) 103. (3.00) 245. (b) 246. (a) 247. (d) 248. (b)
104. (3501.00) 105. (11.00) 249. (a) 250. (b) 251. (d) 252. (a)
106. (285.00) 107. (66.00) 108. (81) 253. (c) 254. (b) 255. (d) 256. (a)
109. (6) 110. (a) 111. (a) 112. (d) 257. (c) 258. (c) 259. (c) 260. (14.00)
113. (b) 114. (3) 115. (c) 116. (7) 261. (384.00) 262. (9.00) 263. (18.00)
117. (b) 118. (c) 119. (1) 120. (a) 264. (9.00) 265. (355.00)
121. (b) 122. (96) 123. (d) 124. (d) 266. (315.00) 267. (15.00)
125. (d) 126. (d) 127. (26) 128. (d) 268. (158.00) 269. (9.00)
129. (d) 130. (72) 131. (d) 132. (61) 270. (180.00) 271. (11.00) 272. (6.00)
133. (c) 134. (d) 135. (7) 136. (c) 273. (10.00) 274. (594.00) 275. (18.00)
137. (a) 138. (2) 139. (d) 140. (a) 276. (9.00) 277. (11.00) 278. (7.00) 279. (5.00)
141. (a) 142. (0) 143. (d) 144. (4) 280. (11.00) 281. (288.00) 282. (15.00) 283. (26.00)
284. (5.00)
ANSWER KEY 116

CHAPTER -8 VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

EXERCISE - 3 : EXERCISE - 4 :
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c)

5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b)
9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (c)
9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (c)
13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (c)
13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (c)
17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)
17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (b,d) 23. (a, d) 24. (b, d)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (a,b,c) 26. (a,c,d) 27. (b,c) 28. (a,b)
25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (d) 29. (a,c) 30. (a,b,c) 31. (a,b,c) 32. (b,c,d)
29. (b) 30. (b) 31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (5) 34. (9) 35. (3) 36. (4)
37. (3) 38. (8) 39. (18.00) 40. (108)
33. (c) 34. (a,d) 35. (a,c,d) 36. (a,c)
41. (1.50) 42. (7) 43. (45) 44. (c)
37. (a,b,c) 38. (a,c,d) 39. (a, b) 40. (a,b,c)
9 1
41. (a,b) 42. (a,c) 43. (c,d) 44. (a,c,d) 45. (c) 46. (b) 48. cu unit 50.
2 2
45. (50) 46. (9) 47. (b) 48. (d)
51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (a) 54. (c)
49. (d) 50. (a) 51. (a) 52. (a)
55. (b) 56. (a) 57. (d) 58. (c)
53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (c) 59. (a) 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (a)
57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (a) 63. (c) 64. (d) 65. (c) 66. (c)
67. (b, c) 68. (a,d) 69. (b,d) 70. (a,b)
61. (d) 62. (d) 63. (d) 64. (c)
71. (b,c,d) 72. (c,d) 73. (a,b,c) 74. (a, d)
65. (c) 66. (b) 67. (b) 68. (a) 75. (a,b,c) 76. (5) 77. (0.75) 78. (d)
69. (1710) 70. (13) 71. (1) 72. (7) 79. (d) 80. (a) 81. (a) 82. (a)
73. (b) 74. (b) 75. (d) 76. (a) 83. (b) 84. (d) 85. (c)
  
77. (d) 78. (b) 79. (c) 80. (b)

86. v1  2i, v 2  i  j and v 3  3i  2 j  4k 
87. (a) x  y  2 z  3, (b) Q(6, 5,-2)

89. 2 x  y  z  3  0 and 62 x  29 y  19 z  105  0

 
  v  2 a .v a
90. w
 Answer Key
CHAPTER -9 PROBABILITY
EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c)

5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (4)
9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (a) 9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (b)
13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b) 13. (28) 14. (d) 15. (30) 16. (d)
17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (b) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (6)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (6)
25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (a) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (d)
29. (b) 30. (c) 31. (d) 32. (b) 29. (d) 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (a)
33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (b) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (d)
37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (c) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (a) 41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (b) 44. (d)
45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (a) 45. (b) 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (d)
49. (c) 50. (d) 51. (b) 52. (b) 49. (d) 50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (b)
53. (b) 54. (a) 55. (c) 56. (c) 53. 479.00 54. 33.00 55. 19.00 56. 56.00
57. (d) 58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (a) 57. 96.00 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (d)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (b) 64. (a)
65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (d)
69. (b) 70. (a) 71. (b) 72. (a)
73. (a) 74. (a) 75. (a) 76. (b)
77. (9.00) 78. (14.00) 79. (10.00) 80. (27.00)
81. (10.00)
ANSWER KEY 118
CHAPTER -9 PROBABILITY

EXERCISE - 3 : EXERCISE - 4 :
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (b)

5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (a) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c)
9. (d) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (c)
13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b)
17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (c) 17. (b) 18. (a,d) 19. (a,b) 20. (a,c)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d) 21. (a,b,c) 22. (8) 23. (0.50) 24. (422)
25. (d) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (b) 25. (6) 26. (8) 27. (214) 28. (0.80)
29. (b) 30. (c) 31. (b) 32. (c) 29. (31) 30. (d) 31. (b) 32. (a)
33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (a,b,c,d) 36. (a,c,d) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (a)
37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (c)
37. (c,d) 38. (b,c,d) 39. (a,d) 40. (a,b)
41. (a,b) 42. (c,d) 43. (b) 44. (c)
41. (a,b,c,d) 42. (a,b,c) 43. (a,b,c) 44. (8) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (76.25) 48. (24.50)
45. (5) 46. (30) 47. (c) 48. (b)
1 1 1 1
49. (a) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (a) 49. (24.00) 50. (0.50) 52. & or &
2 3 3 2
53. (c) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (d)
6
57. (d) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (d) 1 m C3 (3n  3.2n – 3)
53. 54. (a) (b)
26 mn 6n
24 1 1 5
61. 62. (a) (b) 63.
29 132 462 21 9m
55. 56. (a) p2 (2–p) (b)1/2
m  8N
1 1
64. 65.
9 4 12
C 2 6 C4 10
C1 2 C1  12 C1 6 C5 11
C1 1C1
57. 12
C2  12
C2 6C4 12 C1 6 C5 12 C0 6 C6 
1
58.
7