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Physics

The document acknowledges the support received during a physics project focused on investigating the relationship between output/input voltage and the number of turns in transformer coils. It explains the principles of transformers, including mutual induction and the transformation ratio, and outlines the procedure for conducting experiments to verify these principles. Observations and results demonstrate that the experimental values align with theoretical expectations, confirming the relationship between the number of turns and voltage transformation.

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Priya
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21 views13 pages

Physics

The document acknowledges the support received during a physics project focused on investigating the relationship between output/input voltage and the number of turns in transformer coils. It explains the principles of transformers, including mutual induction and the transformation ratio, and outlines the procedure for conducting experiments to verify these principles. Observations and results demonstrate that the experimental values align with theoretical expectations, confirming the relationship between the number of turns and voltage transformation.

Uploaded by

Priya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project


successfully,many people have best
owned upon me their blessingand the
heart pledged support , this time I
amutilizing to thanks all the people
who have beenconcerned with
physics project.

Primarily I would thank god for


being able to completethis project
with success . Then I would like to
thankmy principal Mr. M.V. RAJAN
and physics teacher
Mr.AMIT GUPTA whose valuable gui
dance has been theones that helped
me patch this project and make
it full proof success his suggestions
and instructions has served as the
major contributor towards the
completion of the project .Then I
would like to thank my parents and
friends who have helped me
with their valuable suggestions and
guidance has been helpful in various
phases of the completion of this
project.Last but not the least I would
like to thank my classmates who
have helped me a lot .

OBJECTIVE :
To investigate the relation between the ratio
of :1.Output and Input Voltage2.Number of turns
in the secondary coil and the primary coil of a
self designed transformer .
INTRODUCTION :
The transformer is a device used
for converting a low alternating
voltage to a high alternating voltage
or vice-versa. A Transformer based
on the Principle of mutual induction
according to this principle, the
amount of magnetic flux linked with
a coil changing ,an e.m.f is induced
in the neighbouring coil .A
transformer is an electrical device
which is used for

changing the A.C. voltages. A


transformer is mostwidely used
device in both low and high
currentcircuit. As such transformers
are built in an amazingstrength of
sizes.In electronic, measurement and
control circuits,transformer size may
be so small that it weight only a few
tens of grams where as in high
voltage powercircuits, it may weight
hundred of tones. In atransformer,
the electrical energy transfer from
onecircuit to another circuit takes
place without the useof moving
parts. A transformer which increases
thevoltages is called a stepup
transformer. A transformerwhich
decreases the A.C. voltages is called
a step- down transformer.
Transformer is, therefore,
anessential piece of apparatus both
for high and lowcurrent circuits.

THEORY :

When an altering e.m.f. is supplied to


the primary coil p1p2, an
alternating currentstarts falling in it.
The altering current in the primary
produces a changing magnetic
flux,which induces altering voltage in
the primaryas well as in the
secondary.In a goodtransformer, whole
of the magnetic flux linked with
primary is also linked with

the secondary, and then the induced


e.m.f.induced in each turn of the
secondary is equal to that induced in
each turn of the primary.Thus if Ep and
Es be the instantaneous values of the
e.m
.f.’s induced in the primary and the
secondary and Np and Ns are the no. of
turns of the primary secondary coils of
the transformer and
dф / dt = rate of change of flux in
each turn off the coil at this instant,we
have
Ep =Np dф/dt _______________ (1)
And
Es = - Ns dф/dt _______________ (2)

Since the above relations are true at


every instant, so by dividing 2 by 1, we
get
Es / Ep = - Ns / Np ______________ (3)

As Ep is the instantaneous value of


back e.m.finduced in the primary coil
p1, so theinstantaneous current in
primary coil is due tothe difference
(E– Ep ) in the instantaneousvalues of
the applied and back
e.m.f. further if Rp is the resistance
o, p1p2coil, then the instantaneous
current Ip in the primary coil is given
by

Ip = E– Ep / Rp
E– Ep = Ip Rp

When the resistance of the primary is


small, RpIp can be neglected so
therefore

E– Ep = 0
Or
Ep = E
Thus back e.m.f = input e.m.f

Hence equation 3 can be written as


Es / Ep = Es / E

= output e.m.f / input e.m.f


= Ns / Np = K

Where K is constant, called turn or


transformation ratio.

PROCEDURE
1.Take a laminated iron core and wind
a small number [say about 2000 ] of
turns of thick insulated copper wire
uniformly on it leaving two free ends
P 1P 2
2.Wind a large numbers of turns [say
100] ofthin insulated copper wire on
the oppositearm of the core leaving two
free end S1& S2 .
Connect the primary coil to a variable
a.c.
3.Connect the primary coil to a variable
a.c.supply source and secondary to a.c.
voltmeter of suitable range.

4.Connect an a.c. voltmeter across the

primaryto measure the input voltage


OBSERVATIONS :

No. of turns in primary , NP = 2000

No. of turns in secondary , NS = 100


S.NO. Input Output Es/Ep
Voltage voltage
Ep Es[volt]
[volt]
1 12V 240V 1/20
2 240V 12V 20

RESULT:
Clearly ES/EP = NS/NP within
experimental error
PRECAUTION:
1.Keep yourself safe from voltage .

2. While taking the readings of the


current andvoltage of the a.c. should
remain constant.

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