1.1.

Which of
of the
the following statements are true?
true ?
Give reasons for
for your answers in
in the
the form ofaa
short proof ora
or a counter-example, whichever is
appropriate:
appropriate : 2x10=20
2x10=20

(i) The
The operation*
operation * isa
is a binary operation on
on
N,N,where:
where:
zx**y
y ——= 1.c.m.
1.c.m.(x,
(r,y)Hz,
y), y yeN
e N

(ii)
(ii) The set
The set ofof all
all functions
functions of
of $1,
1,2,2, .........,
. . .l0J10}
toto itself
itself forms
forms a a group
group w.
w. r.r. t.t. the
the
composition offunctions.
composition of functions.

(iii) IfIf n1T, and

(iii) and n,
o are
are in
in Sissuch
Sis such that
that

sign
sign (7) =s=ign
(xt) (7,).
sign(=2). then
then

O o(7) = o(rg).
x,) =O x,)

(iv)
(iv) If G ieisa a group
IfG group and
and H HAG,
A G,K KAG, then
A G, then

G-
G=Hxfl.
HxK.

(v)
(v) AsA6 has
has a a unique
unique proper
proper normal
normal

subgroup.
subgroup.
(vi)
(vi) The
TheringC
ring Cisisgenerated
generatedbyby $1$
.
(1.
(vii) IfIff : fR:R,—+’ RdR, isis aaring
(vii) ring homomorphism,
homomorphism,
then
then RJR, must
mustbe
beisomorphic
isomorphictoa
to asubring
subring
of
of R_.
R.
(viii)
(vii) IfZIf Zisa
is aeubring
subringofofa aring
ringS,S,thenZ
then Zmust
must
be
bean
an ideal
idealof
ofS.
S.

(ix)
(ix) IfRIf R
iaais afield,
field,then
thensosoisisR[x
Rx..

(x)
(x) IfR
If Risisa a commutative
commutative ring,
ring, then
then every
every
non-trivial
non-trivialproper
properideal
idealofR
of R[x](x]intersects
intersects
RxRx nonon-trivially.
n-trivially.
2. (a) Let
Let X X be
be the
the set
set of all
ii]l lines in RR xx R.R.

Consider the
the relation ‘-’ on
on X,
X, given by

“Li
"LI ~ L_
Le iff L1
Li is perpcndicular
perpendicular to L_“.
Lz.
Check
t“heck whether ‘ ’ is reflexive, symmetric
sym metric

or transitive.
transitive. 3

(b) Let
(b) Let I Ibe
be a a non-trivial ideal of
ofaa field F.
F’.

Prove that
that1I = F.
F. 33

(c) Show
(c) Show that
that the
the map
map /f:Z+iZ
:Z iZ —›’ Z.,
Z,,

defined by
fry /f(a
(a ++ib)
id) =
- (a-b)mod 2, is aa
(c — 6) mod 2,

ring epimorphism. Also obtain ker f./. 44

,3. (a)
3. (a) Let:
1.ct:

a-b
R=
R
-b
Check
€’heck whether
whether or
or not
notRR is
isaa ring
ring w.
w. r.r. t.t.

matrix addition and

matrix and multiplication.
mu 1 tiplication. Ii

(b) Find
(b) Find allthe possible generators
all the possible genet-ators of
ofaa cyclic
cycl ie

group of
group oforde r 12.
order 12.

(c) Give
(c) (tive two
two distinct elements
elements of
of the
the quotient

group
groupCC [x]/
/z / (), withjjustification.
x' , with notification. 22

4.1. (a)
(ii) Express
Express the
the permutation
permutation::

2 3 4 5 6 7)
G =
3 7 6 4 2 1 5)

as aa product
as product of
of disjoint
disjoint cycles.
cycles. Also
Also find
find

oG
’ in S7
in S- and
and write
write it
it as
as aa product
product of
of

disjoint cycles.
disjoint cycl cs. Further,
l°urther, obtain
obtain sign
sign((o).
o). 44

(b) Obtain
(b) Obtain the
the possible
possible orders
orders of
of’aa subgroup
.subgroup of
of

aa group
grriup of
of order
order 45.
4,5. Further,
Further, obtain
obtain the
the

nu mber of
corresponding number of right
right cosets
cosets in
in

each case.
each case. 4

(c) Let
(c) Let SS be
be aa commutative
com m utativo ring
ring and
and xx ee SS be
be

aa zero
zero divisor
divisor of
of S.
S. Obtain
Obtain all
allthe
the zero
zero

divisors of S in S:. 2
14. (a)
(n) Express the
the permutation :

(1 2 3 4 5 6 7
G=
37 6 4 2 1 5

as aa product of
of disjoint cycles. Also
Aho find
fi nd
1
o 6-1 in
in S
N: and
and write it as
as a a product qb
of

disjoint cycles. Further,

l'’urthcr. obtain sign (o).
(a). I4

(b) Obtain the

(b) the possible orders
‹irders of
of’a a subgroup
subgroup of
of

aa group
group of
of order
order J45.
âa. t'“urther, obtain the
Further, obtain the

corresponding number
number of
of right cosets
coscts in
in
each
each case.
case. 4

(c) Let SS be
(c) beaa commutative
com m utative ring
ring and x.re eS
S be
be

a a zero
zero ddivisor
ivisor of S.
S. Obtain
Obtain all
all the
the zero
zero

divisors of
divisors ofSS in
in S,x.
ii, 22

Section—C
Section-C (Marks: 50)
(Marks: ñ0)

* 5. (a) (i) Find o

(a) +Z in
in Q/Z,
QZ, where
where

(a,b) =1and b 0.

thattthere
(ii) Show that here are
arc elements in
in QZ
Q/Z
oforder
of n, for
order n, tbreach
each niio e N.
N.

(iii) Is
(iüi) Is QZ
Q/Z cyclic
cyclic?? If
lf so,
so. find
findaa generator. If
If

ititisis not
not cyclic,
cyclic, give
give reasons
reasons for
for saying
snying
So. 7

(t) How
(b) How many distinct monic irreducible
many
polynomials of
polynomials of degree
degree 3
.3 with
with no
no linear
linear
term are
are there in
in Zx?
Z„ .z * I Give
live reasons for
for

your answer.
your answer. 33

G. (a)
6. (G, .) be
(a) Let (G, be a a group and HH be
beaa subgroup
ofAct
of (G).CCheck
Aut (G). heck whether
whether or
or not
not(Hx G, *)
(H x G, *)
isisaa group,
group, where:
where

(4:4)"(a.a,) =(9, oo,.0;().*4)

defines the operation
tipei-atitin *.*, for
frir o,,
Q,, $„ in HH and
and

x1 ,tg
x., in
in G.
CI. 7
 (b)
(b) €’onsider the map
Consider the map ,$„ : :Z
Z —› Z Z:,(2)
: $„ (z) == iic,
nz,
where neZ. Find the
the conditions on
iieZ
neZ under which $,
, is a ring
homomorphism. .33

’?.
7. (a) Let
Let R R be
be a a commutativc
commutative ring with unity
and
and1 Ibe an
an ideal of R. Prove the
the statement :
TfI
“If is a prime
I isa prime ideal,
ideal, thenI
then I isis the
the kernal
kernal of
of
aa homomorphism from RR to
to an integi-al
integral
domain."
domain.”

Further, state the converse of

of the
the
statement above and
and check whether it is
is
true or not. 8

(b) Give an example, with justification.

justification, o1
ofa a
group with exactly two
two distinct subgroups.
2

8. (a) Let
Let fi
G be
be a a finite gi'oup
group andand let N N be be a a
normal subgroup of‘Gof G ofof order ii.n. Furt.
Furt: 4/8 i
let
let ‹n and
and )ñG:N(=
: N) (= r//m)
) bebe coprimc.
coprime. Show
Show
that N= a e G| a =e}. G6

(b)
(b) LetR
Let R bea
be a commutative i'ing
ring with unity.
Let
Let x'x =x 9.ve R.
=xtxe R. Show that .r”
r" == x
9 xeR
x e R and
and 9 iieneN N.
. H Hence
‹ rand
find the
the set
of
of nilpotent elements ofR.
of R. 44

9.
9. (a)
(a) Let
Let I I —=( (x2)
, 2) and
and J J -=(z,
(,3)3) be
be ideals
ideals inin
z[*] Provet
Z [ Prove that lJ ==(,6).
hat In t,G} 5

Let
(b) I.et G
€i be
be aa finite
fi nite group.
group. Let
Let

s=&e G|s=e},
S = p e €i p' where eisis thethe identity
« , whci'ee identity
element ofG.
of G. Show that SJS is odd.
odd. 35

R°
R5
10.
10. (a) Prove that —=RR as groups.
groups.
R'
R4

(b) 1.ctR
Let R be
bea a ring, and
andI I be
be an
an ideal of R. find
ofR. Find
(charR
(char R— - char
char I).
I). 22
1.
1. Which of the following statements are True or
of the or
False?
False ? Give reasons foryour
for your answer. 10xZ--20
10×2=20

(a)
(a) RRhhas
as aa non-trivial
non-trivial subgroup offinite
of finite order.
(b)
(b) Every non-empty
Every non-empty subset
subset ofZ
of Z has
has aa least
least
element.

(c)
(c) Zmn$l
iZ„, d Zam xHXILan as groups, where m, ne
l, as n e N.
N.

(d)
(d) If
IfGGis
isaa cyclic
cyclic group,
group, then
then itit isis isomorphic
isomorphic to
to
each
each ofits
of its proper
proper non-trivial
non-trivial subgroups.
subgroups.

(e)
(e) Every
Every ideal
ideal of
of the
the ring
ring IR,
(R, +,
+, •)) isa
is a normal
normal
subgroup of(R,
subgroup of (R, +).
+).

(C
(f) IfS
If S isa
is a subring
subring ofa
of a commutative
commutative ring
ring R,
R,
thenS
then S must
must be
be an
an ideal
ideal of
ofR.
R.

(g)
(g) If
R isa
IfR is a field
field and
and MMisa
is a maximal
maximal ideal
ideal of
ofR,
R,
then
then (R/M)
(RM) >~ R.
R.

(h)
(h) IfR isis an
IfR anintegral
integral domain,
domain, then
then so
so isis iH¿(RJ.
M,(R).

(il
(i) The
The set
set ofofintegrable
integrable functions
functions from
from IRRtoR
to Risis
a a commutative
commutative ring
ring w.r.t.
w.r.t. pointwise
pointwise addition
addition
and composition
and composition offunctions.
of functions.

(j)
() IfIf(R,
(R, +,+, •)) isisa aring,
ring, then
then (R,+)
(R, +) and
and (R,•)
(R, ) areare
semigroups.
semigroups.
2. (a)
(a) Construct the Cayley table for
for the
the set
FF = =f,
lft, ff,
2,ff¡l
3} w.r.t.
w.r.t. the
the composition
composition of
of
maps,
maps, where
where the
the elements of
of FF are
functions from IRS |0, 1}
R\{0, 1} to
to lIt,
R, defined as
below:
below

f,(x)
ft(x) =
= ,, ff,*)
(xJ ==x,
x,2

1
f(x) = 1-x txER\0, 1}

Hence, check whether IF,•J

(F, ) isis a a group or
or
not.
not. 8

I(b)
b) For n
For nee N, isI n aa subring ofHZ?? Give reasons
is Z,
foryour
for your answer. 2

3. (a) LetII be an
Let an ideal of
ofaa commutative ring R.
R.
Prove that

IVI =
= lx
(xE | xn e II for
e RR|x"e for some ne
n e hi}N) is an
an
R.
ideal of R.

Further, show that ifR R isa

isa ring with unity
and
and I =
= R,
R, then
thenII =
= R.
R.

(b)
(b) Defineaa relation ~
Define ‘-’ on
on M 2( ) by A
M,(R) “A -B
~ B if
and
and only ifdetlAJ =k det(B) for
if det(A)=k for somek
some keeR*"
*.”
Check
Check whether
whether or
or not
not ‘-’ is an
an equivalence
relation. If it is, find the equivalence
equivalence class of
11 22
A —
—1 —2
-1 -2|
If ~
‘-’ is not
not an
an equivalence relation, define
another relation on on M2(lits
M,(R) which is an an
equivalence relation. 5

4.
4. (a)
(a) Let GG be
Let be aa group
group and
and let
let HH be
beaa normal
normal
subgroup ofof G. Show that if GfH
GIH is cyclic,
thenGG need not
then not be abelian.

(b)
(b) Let
Let
0, if on is even
even
e Q:
:SS,+Z,:
P (o) == |0,
Z2:e to)
1, if oois
is odd
odd

where n3.
where n * 3.

Show that 9¢ is a a group homomorphism.

homomorphism.
Also finda
find a non-trivial element ofker
of ker e.
¢. 44

(c) Check whether or

or not
not

3x22 -— 9x
12 —- 3x 9x44 ++ 25x
25x55 is irreducible in
Qlx]. 3
5.5 la)
(a) Let G G be
Let be a a group and gge
e G. Use
Use the
Fundamental
Fundamental Theorem of of Homomorphism
toprove
to prove that
that H/< 12 >>is
Z/< 12 is isomorphic
isomorphic to
to<<g>
g >
if and
and only ifg
ifg is of
of order 12.
12. 7

(b)
(b) Is every prime ideal in aa finite
Is
communicative ring with unitya
unity a maximal
ideal?? Give reasons for
ideal foryour answer.
your answer. 3

6.
6. (a)
(a) LetD
Let D be an integral
integral domain, and
and let
letKK and
and
LL both be fields of
of fractions of D. Then
prove thatKK = L.
prove that L. 3

(b)
(b) Consider the ring
ringRR== $[x}
, and
Q[x], and its ideal
I I=<
= < x*
x-x>, ind an idempotent in R/l
— x >. Find an idempotent RI
other thanÔ or1 1.
than 0 or . 3

(c)
(c) Het Gp
Let G be a (groupé
group and
and 9oe
e Aut
Aut G.
G. Let
Let
H= (geG|Og) = g.
Check whether or not H
or not H is
isa a subgroup ofG.
of G.
Ifit
If it is, then must H
H be
be normal ininGG?
? IfH
If H
is not aa subgroup of G, give aa proper
is not
normal subgroup ofAut
of Aut B.
Z. 44

7.
7. (a)
(a) Find all
all possible group homomorphisms
from Zg to Z12 66
Nb)
(b) Find
Find all the
the proper ideals of Z/30Z.
Ä30Z. Further,
which ofthèse
of these are and why
are maximal ideals and why*? 4

8. f(a)
a) Let
LetFF bea F* =F
be a field, F 101 and
=F\0} and F’F =F\1).
=F 11).
Define fi on F F by
© on bya a O•b b ==a +a+b
b -— ab.
ab. Show
thatI F’, )@) isa
that (F, is a group, and
and that this group is
is
isomorphic to to (F",)
I F*,•) 7

(b›
(b) Give an example, with justification, ofa
of a ring
RR which is not
not an
an integral domain and in in
which every ideal is
isaa principal ideal. 3

9.
9. (a)
(a) Let R = Zil äandI=
D h
nR, where n e Z*. S
Show
haRa+
that a + îb
ib e dIif
ifanR l if ri
and only | and n
n|a h|b.
|b.
Further,
Further, show
show that
that R/I isa a finite ring.
RI is ring. 66

(b)
(b) Find Z(D12). Also find
Z(D,). fînd two
two distinct right
cosets of ZD12)
ZEDt2) in
inDt 2.
D12: 44

10 (a)
10 (a) Let
LetGG beaninfinite
be an infinite group such that for
for any
any
non-trivial
non-trivial subgroup
subgroup NN ofof G,G, | G|G:: N N|
| < <oo.
Prove that if H
H < s G,
G, then H
H = =Ie)
(e} or
orH H is
infinite.
Further, prove that if
Further, if xx isa
is a non-trivial
element ofG,
of G, then Olxi
O(x) is infinite. 5

(b) Use the

Use the Euclidean algorithm to
to find the
the
g.c.d. of x4 ++ x
of x and xx2++11 in
x++11 and |x|.
Qx]. 3

fc)
(c) Give an example, with justification, of
of an
an
element of
ofSy
S, with order 12.
12.
 1.1. Which ofthefollowing
of the following statements are true and
and
which are false?? Justify your answer witha
are false with a
ahort
short proof ora
or a counter-example:
counter-example : lxl0=l0
lx10=10

(i)
(1) Matrix
Matrix multiplication
multiplication is
is a a binary
binary
operation on Mm
M.›i xn
„ (C).
(C).

(ii)
(ii) Every permutation of
of odd order is an
an odd
odd
cycle.

(iii)
(iii) If
If a a ring ia
is not
not commutative, then its
aubringa
subrings are alao
also not
not commutative.
(iv) Any
Any commutative ring with unity can
can be
embedded in
inaa field.

(v) The
The set
set of
of two
two cycles forma
form a group with
with
respect
respect to
to composition.
composition.
IGNO
(vi) The
The symmetric symmetric group
group So
S3 is
is the
the
direct product of
of the subgroups
subgroups
H== (4,2),
(c,2)),x K=
= (1,2,3))
((1, 2.3)). .

(vii)
(vii) Ifa
If a ring
ring has
has finitely
finitely many
many ideals,
ideals, the
the ring
ring
iafinite.
is finite.

(vm)
(vi) No
No unit ina
in a ring can beaa zero divisor.
can be

(ix) The
The relation —~ defined on
on NN by ‘o
a~b—b if a a
dividesb
divides boorbb divides 'o’ is an
an equivalence
relation.
(xx IfR
If R isa
is a ring with identity and
and R’R iaa
is a
subring of RR with identity, then the
the
identity elements of
R and
ofR and R’
R' coincide.
coincide.
Section—B
Section-B

2.
2. (a)
(a) Check that:
that :
a b|
R=
R = b,c c eR R
a, b,
c

iaa
is a subring of Mz
M2 (R). Does it have an
identity element ?? Is
Is it a a commutative
ring?
ring ? Justify your anawer.
answer. 55
(b)
(b) Let
Let GG be aa group
group and
and HH and
and KK be
be
aubgroupa
subgroups of
of G. State aa necessary and
and
sufficient condition for
for HK
HK to be
be aa
subgroup of
of G.G. Also, ahow
show that, if one
one of
of HH
G or
or KK isa
is a normal subgroup ofG,
a a subgroup ofG.
of G.
of G, then HK
HK ia
S
is

3.
3. (a)
(a) Find all the
the subgroups of
ofZZ15.
is. Also, givea
give a
subgroup diagram forZis.
for Z15. 5

P. 7. 0.
P.T. O.
 (b) Prove that:
that : 5
5Z
5Z
Un Z3Z
i5Z
15Z

4.4 (a)
(a) Check whether the
Check whether the polynomial:
polynomial :
x + 3*3 + 2x2 + 4x +1
ia
is irreducible by
by applying the mod
mod pp
irreducibility test with
irreducibility withp p=2.
- 2. 77
(b) Let
LetX X== N.N.Check that:
that :
I I=|A
={AcX X\A
|A iaa
is a finite
finite aet)
set}
is an
an ideal in the
the ringP
ring P (X, A, fj).
N). 33

5.5 (a) Consider the

the group:
group:

Q =

where ii=
— -1.
. Obtain the
the elements of

B whereH
where H = -£ . Also find the
HH ’
i Gorder of each element in
order of each element in 55 5
HH

(b) Find the

the g.c.d. of
of the
the polynomials
polynomials
3 ++3x2
zr3 3z2 ++1
1 and + 2 ++x
andzx +z +1.
z +1. 55
’

U.co

6.
6. (a)
(a) Find
Find all
all the
the group
group homomorphisms:
homomorphisms :

Forall
For all such f,/, find ker
ker /.f. 55
(b) Let
Let F F bebe a a field and
and let oa e e F. Define
aa function
function on
on § : F/z] —+F by

(/( )) —=/ f(o)

o(f(*)) . Check
(a). Check that
that $ isis anan onto
onto
ring
ring homomorphism.
homomorphism. Finda
Find a generator
generator for
for
ker$ .
ker ¢. 5

7.
7. (a)
(a) Let
Let / :Z15 —+ZS be
be defined
defined by

/f(n(mod
(//. (mod 15)) == nn (mod 5). Check that/
that f is
a a ring hoeiomorphiam.
homomorphism. Find the
the kernel of/.
of f.
77
(b) Write a == (I,
(1, 2, 5)5)a and
td § B== (2,3,5)
(2,3, 5) ia
in Ss
S; la
in
two
two ITae
line forraat.
format. Is (ao §) aa cycle ?? Is
(aoß)
2 = oo
a' aoan aa cycle?
cycle ? 33

8. (a) Find (39, 24). Also find rn,

m, ite
n e Z Z auch
such that
» (39)+ ‹ (24) - (39, 24).
m(39) +n(24) =(39, 24). 66

P.T. O.
 (b) Check whether {I,1,(1, 3)
3) (2,
(2, 4)} isa
is a normal
subgroup in
in S‹ or not.
S4 0r not. 44

9. (a)
9. (a) find
Find the
the centre
centre of
of the
the ring M2 (R).
ring M_ (R). Is
Is it
it an
an
ideal of Mz
M2 (R)?
(R) ? Justify your answer. 77
(b) Definea
(b) Define a zero
zero divisor
divisor ina
in a ring.
ring. List
List the
the zero
zero
divisors, ifany,
if any, in the ring Za andZZi1.
Zs and ii. 33

10.
10. (a)
(a) Let
Let G G bebe a a finite group and
and iin ee N.N. IfIf
n|o(G)
iiI o (G) has aa
does it follow that GG has

subgroup oforder
subgroup of order ii?n ?Justify
Justify your
your answer.7
answer.7
(b) LetR
(b) Let R =
ZZg and letII bethe
6 andlet be the ideal
ideal 0,3).
0, 3$.

Construct
Construct the
the Cayley
Cayley table
table for
for
multiplication in
multiplication in R/I.
R/I. 33

11.(a)
11. Show that
(a) Show that the
the group
group GLH
GL2 (R)/SLA
(R)/SL2(R)
(R) is
is an
an
infinite
infinite group.
group. Also,
Also, show
show that
that any
any element
element
offinite
of finite order
order in
in the
the group
group has
has orderl
order l or
or 2.
2.
7
(b)
(b) If/ :R —+S
If f:R ’S is
is an
an onto
onto homomorphism
homomorphism of
of
rings
rings and
andI I is
is an
an ideal
ideal of
ofR,
R, ahow
show that/
that f( (I)
I)
is an ideal
isan ideal of
of S.
S. 33
1. (a)
(a) Define
Define an
an abelian group.
group. Give
Give an
an example
example
of
ofaa non-abelian group. (You don't need to
to
prove
prove that
that your example
example is iaa a group.
group. You
You
have toonly
to only prove that it ie
is non-abelian).3
non-abelian). 3

(b)
(b) Define
Define aa subgroup
subgroup of
of aa group.
group. Check
Check
whether:

H-
H=
O oa b o,ò, c,d e C
0 c d

is
is a a sub-group
sub-group of
of the group of2
the group of 2 x 33
matrices overC
over C under addition. 22

(c)
(c) Definea
Define a aemigroup.
semigroup. Give
Give an
an example
example ofan
of an
infinite aemigroup.
semigroup.

(d) State Lagrange'e

Lagrange's theorem. What are
are the
the
possible
possible ordera
orders of
of aubgroups
subgroups of
ofea group
group of
of
order 12
order 12?? 22

(e) Let
Let S S == (1,
{1, 2, 3, 4}
4; and
and * * be
be the
the binary
binary
operation defined
operation defined by
by ri*
a *ò b == n.a. Compete
Compute
the
the Cayley table for
for (S,
(S, *). Is
Is * *
eommutative
commutative ?? Ia•
Is * aaaociative
associative ?? Justify
Juetify

your answers.
your anawera. 66

2. (a) LetA
Let A bea
be a338X44 real matrix,B beaa448x22
matrix, B be
real matrix and
andC Cbe
beaa22^x33 real matrix.
Which
Which of
of the
the following
following operations
operations are
are
defined?
defined2

(i)
(i) CA + B!
CA+ B'

(ii) AB+C!
For
For thoae
those operatione
operations that are defined, what
is the
the order of the reaulting
resulting matrix? 33

p)
(b) Let aa== (12 5),9 B= =(14
(12 5), 3 2)e
(1 43 2) e Ss. Compute
u
G = a.B-1,
e.9-1. Write
WWrite uo aa
as aa product od
of
tranepoaitiona.
transpositions. What
What ia
is the
the aignature
signature od
of
e? 33

(c
(c) lf
F iea
IfF is a field, ahow
show that U(F[z))
U(F[x) == P*.
F*. 44

(d) Let
(d) Let RR=Zo
= * : 55

(i)
() Give,
Give, with juatification,
justification, a a nilpotent
nilpotent
element in
in R.
R.

(ii)
(ii) Give,
Give, with
with justification,a
justification, a zero
zero divisor
divisor
inR
in R which
which ie
is not
not nilpotent.
nilpotent.
(iii)
(iii) What is the
the order of U(R)?
UR) ?
3. (a Let R R be
(a) Let be a a ring in which aa- ==a
p for
tor all
n aeR.
eR . Show that oa=-a
= —o and
and RR is

commutative.
commutative. 5

(b) Define an
an integral domain. Give an
example ofan
of an integral domain which isnot
is not
afield.
a field. 22
(e)
() C Calculate
alcalate the following::
the following 33

) (2r+år+ar+i)+(ar+ ir+2r +3)

in Z,[x].
(ii)
(ar+ar+6)(a'+ ar) in z,l].
(d) Show
(d) Show that,
that, if
if G G is
is a a finite
finite group
group and
and
a eG,o(a)lo(G).
eG,o(a)|o(G). Further,
Further, show that

n°*^*
ao(G) -e=e for all ne G . Deduce the
aeG. the Euler-
Euler
Fermat theorem gan)
o*“* =1(modn)
- 1(modri) for
for all
all
a,ii e N,N, rin>2,(a,
a,ne >2,(o, ri) -1.
n)=1. 5

4. (a) Let
4. (a) Let R = a, t*,c e J8 Check
0 c

whetherR
whether R iea
is a subring
subring of
of M.,(JR).
M,(R). IsR
Is R an
an
ideal of
ideal My(IR)
of M, (R)??JJustify
uatify your
your answer.
answer. 44

(b) Find the

the gcd ofthe
of the polynomials
polynomials .v’
x4 ++3x+2
3z +2
and x* + 3x- ++5x+3.
and x+3* Tr + 3. 55

(c) IfH
If H arid
and KK are
are normal
normal abelian
abelian subgroups
subgroups
ofa
of a group and
group and if
if HoK=e}, show that
H K = {e}, show that
HK
HK is abelian. Will the result be
be still true
if we
we remove the
the condition thatH
that H and
and KK
are normal?
normal? Justify your answer. 66

ii.
5. (a) met
Let RR be the ring(f.›
ring , A,
(p(X), A, m),
),

SS=(p(Y,
= (/.I( , A,A, C) ,), where
whereXX is
iea a non-empty
non-empty
eetwitha
set proper non-empty subset
with a proper subnet Y.
Y. Let
Set
$¢:R
:R ’s
—iS be defined by $(A)
(A) =A= AnY
Y for
tor
all
all AUX. Prove
AcX. Prove that
that §¢ is
is a a ring
ring
homomorphism.
homomorphism. Is
Is sujective
surjective ? ? Justify
Justify
your answer.
your answer. 66

(b) Let F F be
(b) Let be a a field and
and let
1let /(z)
f(x)ee F}'r]
F[x] be
be
irreducible in F[x].
irreducible *I•I Show that the ideal
(/(z)) isa
(f(æ)) is a maximal
maximal ideal
ideal in
in F[x]
F[x].. Use
Use this
this
to deduce
to that Q{.i]
deduce that / (z'+ G." ++12)
Qlx]/(r+6r 12) is
is a a

field. 77
 (c) Define aa normal subgroup. Give an
example
example ofnormal
of normal subgroup
subgroup of
of GLH(R)
GL,(R).. 22
G.
6. (a) Find the order of each of
(a) ind of the elements in
in
U(15). Is
Ia U(15) cyclic ?? Justify your
answer.
answer. 55

(b) Show that:

that :

G/Z
GIZ (G)
(G) == InnG .
Inn G.

(c) Check whether or not 3Jis

not (3) is a a maximal
ideal inin Zq.
Zg 3

7. (a) Let
Let S S ==(zeC* I• 1=l
)r • 2* | ||z|=1} and

U, =(zeC* |2" =1} for neN. Check

that U,
that U„ cS.
S’. Further,
Further, show thatU„<
show that S’
.3
U,<8.3
(b) Let
Let RR be
be ring (not necessarily
commutative) and letI
let I and
and JJ be ideal
of R. Show that UJ
InJ and
and
II+J
+J ==(a+b\ael,
Jo +b ae I.h be
e I J} are
are ideals of
of R.R. ñ5
(c) Show that (x.5J
(x, 5) ia
is not
nota a principal ideal in
Z[x]. 7

8. Which ofthestatements
of the statements are true and
and which are
are
false?
false ? Justify your answer witha
with a short proof or
a acounter-example:
counter-example: 10

(a) Every subgroup ofS3

of S3 isnormal.
is normal.
(b) Every abelian group is cyclic.
(c) In
Ina a ring with identity, the
the sum
sum of any
any two
two
unita isa a unit.
units is unit.

(d) If
Ifa a field has
has characteristic p,p
p, p aa prime,
the field is finite.

(e) If every element inin group has finite order,

the
the group isfinite.
is finite.
1.
1. (a)
(a) Let
LetR R be
be the
the relation defined on
relation defined on ZZ by
by nRti
aRb
if
if ab
ab is
is an
an odd
odd integer. Which of
integer. Which of the
the
properties for an equivalence relation hold
properties for an equivalence relation hold
forR
for R and
and which
which properties
properties do
do not hold ?
not hold
dJustify
ustify your
your answer.
answer. 33

(b) Define aa subgroup of

of aa group. Check

whether::
whether

H= a 0 fi
6, c.d C
c 0 d "

iaa
is a subgroup
subgroup ofthe
of the gmup
group of
of22xx3
3 matrices
matrices
over C
'C under addition.
addition. 2

(o
(c) State
State Lagrange'a theorem. What
Lagrange's theorem. What are the
are the
possible
possible orders
orders of
of subgroups
subgroups of
ofaa group
group of
of
order 15?
order 15? 22

(d) Definea inaa ring with identity.

Define a unit in identity. Give

an example of
ofaa ring with identityR
identity R and
andaa
unit element
unit element in
in R.
R. 22

(e)
(e) Let
LetS S == 1—2,
2, —1. 1. 2} and
-1, 1, and* * be
be the
the binary
operation
operation defined by oa **bb -= —a.
defined by -a. Compute
Compute
the
the CCayley
ayley table for (S, •).
). Is
Is *
commutative ?? 1s*
Is * associative ?? Justify
your answer.
your answer. 6

2. (a) LetA
Let A bea
be a44Xx3 3real matrix,B
matrix, B bea
be a33xx55
real matrix and
andCC be
beaa 44 x 55 real
real matrix.

Which of
of the
the following operations are
defined??
defined

(i)
i) AB — C
AB-C

(ii) BA+
(ii) BA * C!
C'

For thoee
For those operations that are defined, what
what
ia the
is the order
order of
ofthe resulting matrix
the resulting matrix?? 33

(b) Let
Let aa=
= (1
(14 4 5),§
5), B== (12
(124 4 3)e
3) e S3.
Ss. Compute
o
G =
= o.§'. Write oo as
a.B-1, Write as aa product of
product of
transpositions. What
transpositions. What is
is the
the signature
signature of
of
3

(c) IfF
IfF isa
is a field,
field, show
show that
that U(F[x])
UF[x) —= F*.
F*. 44
 (d) LetR=Z1s:
(d) Let R Fig' 5

(i) Give,
(i) Give, with
with justification,
justification, aa nilpotent
nilpotent
element in
element in R.
R.
(ii) Give,
(ii) Give, with
with justification,
justification,aa zero
zero divisor
divisor
inRR which
in which isis not
not nilpotent.
nilpotent.
(iii) What
(iüi) What isia the
the order
order of
ofU(R)
U(R)??

3. (a) Show
3 (a) ishow that,
tbat, ififGG isiaaa finite
finite group
group such
such that
that

o(G) isia neither

o(G) neitherone
one nor
noraa prime,
prime, then
thenGG has
haa

aa proper
propersubgroup.
subgroup. 5
5

(b) Define
(b) Defineaa prime
primeideal.
ideal.Give
Giveaa prime
primeideal
idealinin

gZ. 22

(c)(c) Calculate
Calculatethe
the following:
following: 3
3

in Z,[x]

G) (ar'+r +G)(r'+ir +ö) in Z,,x]

(d)(d) Let
LetGG bebeaa group
groupofof primeorder.
prime order.Show
Show that
that

GG has
has nonoproper
propernon-trivial
non-trivialsubgroup.
subgroup.
Further,show
Further, ahowthat
thatGG is iacyclic.
cyclic.Further,
Further,
check
check whether
whether or ornot
not allall
thethesubgroups
subgroups
of of
aa
group
group ofoforder
order 15liiis is cyclic.
cyclic. 5
5

4. 4.(a)(a)Find
Find
t, st,se eZZ such
such that:
that : 5
5

(r)l 05++(s)40
(t)105 (s)40 = (l 05,
= (105, 40)40).
.

(b)(b)If H
lfH andandKK arearenormal
normal abelian
abelian sub-groupa
sub-groups

of ofaagroup,
gnup, and ifH m K = (e), ahow that
and if HAK={e), show that
HKHKis abelian.
is abelian.Will
Willthethe reault
result be be
stillatill
truetrue
if if wewe remove thethecondition
remove condition that
that
H rnK (e)
HoK= = {e}?
? 6
6

(c) (c)In Ineach

eachof of
thethefollowing
followingcases,
caeea,check
cherk
whether
whether or not
or not S Sis aiaasubring
eubring ofR: :
of R 4
4

(i) S =

M,(R)
5.
5. (a)
(a) Let
Let RR be
be the
the ring (p(X), A,
(pX), A. ),
m),

S S=(o(Y, A, o),
= (@Yl, A, m), where
whereXX is
isaa non-empty
non-empty

set
set witha
with a proper non-empty subset Y. Let
$ :R -+S be defined by §(A)
:R ’S ¢(A) ==AAnY
mY for
for
all
all AAcX.
mX . Pmve
Prove that $¢ is
is a ring

homomorphism. What is
homomorphism. What isthekernel
the kernel ofof$ ??66

Q)
(b) Let FF be aa field and
and let ff(x)
x)e e F{x]
F[x] be
irreducible in F[x].
F[x]. Show that the ideal

(f()) isa
$/(z)J is a maximal
maximal ideal in
in F|x].
F[x]. Uae
Use this
Q[x]/(+6r
to deduce that Q[z]/ $z*+ 6z" ++18) is aa
l8J is

field.
field. 77

(c) Definea
Define a normal subgroup. Givea
Give a normal
Subgroup
subgroup ofSs.
of Ss. 22

6. (a)
6. (a) Find the
the order of each of the elements
in
in U(S).
U(9). la
Is U(9) cyclic ?? Justify your
anawer.
answer. 55

(b) Check whether or

or not (7)is
not $7Jisaa maximal
maximal

ideal
ideal in Zgg
in H3-. 33

(Aq), but
(c) Show that 61 |›o(A4), but A, doesn't havea
have a
Subgroup
subgroup oforder
of order 6.
6. 77

7.
7. (a)
(a) Let
Let s -{zeC* ||zl=1} and
and

UU=(zeC*z"=1
= Jz ed* z" =l forsome
for some iieneH N}.'. Check
thatU
that U is
isaa group.
group. IsU
Is aUa pmper
proper subgroup
subgroup
of S'?? Justify your
ofS’ your answer. 3

{b)
(b) Let RR be a ring (not necessarily
and I
commutative) and I and
and JJ be ideals
of R. Show that UJ
IoJ and
and
II+J
+0 =
= 'n +b n o 1,6 be
fa+blael, o Jl
J} are
are ideals ofof R.R. 55
(c) Show that (x,
(z,7J
7) is not
nota a principal ideal in
Z[x]. 7
8. Which of
ofthefollowing
the following statements are true and
and
which are
are falae?
false ? ‹Justify
Justify your answer witha
with a
ahort
short proof ora
or a counter-example:
counter-example : 10

(a) The
The Signature
signature of every odd
odd permuation
ia
is —1.
-1.

(b) Every group of

oforder
order eight ia
is abelian.

(c)
(c) The
The ring
ring Z›[z)
Z,[x] has
has infinitely
infinitely many
many
elements.

(d) ln
Ina a non-commutative ring, pmduct
product oftwo
of two
units isa a unit.
units is unit.

(e) ZZ, Z iaa

:•x *3 is a field of
of six
six elements.
1. (a) Let:
1. (a) Let : Om
a b
G = a, b,c,d e eR,ad
R, nd —- be
bez 0
c d

norm
Check whether not Ge
notG is an
iaa tG
group under
multiplication. Is G G an
an abelian group ??
Justify your answers. 55
(b)
(b) Pind
Find the units
units of:
of : 3

(i) Z
(ii)
(ii) Q Q
(c)
(c) Let
Let::

a=(2
-(2 1 15),
5), B=- (2(2 3 35 4)4)^*s
eS;.-
Compute
Compute oG= B. Write
= n 9°'. Write o aa a
product
product of
of transpositions.
transpositions. Further,
Further, find
find
sign
sign o.
o. 44
(d
(d) Check
Check whether
whether or
or not
:
not: 3

() 0,2.4cz,
(i) is asubgroup
ii, 2, 4$ Z5 isa subgroupofof ZtZ,..
(ii) $0,2,4$
(ii) 0.2,4cZ, isaasubgroup
m Z6 is subgroupofofZ6Z;..

2.2. (a)
(a) Give
Give an
an example,
example, with
with justification
justification of
ofa a

subring ofa
subring of a ring
ring which
which iais not
not anan ideal
ideal of
of

the
the ring.
ring. Further,
Further, find
findI IoJ
rnJ and
andI I -r+ I,J,
whereI = 2Z,J
where I= = 3Z
22, J= 3ZinZ.
in Z. 66

(b)
(b) Let
LetG Gbea
be agroup.
group. Find
Findthe
theconditions
conditionsonG
on G

underwhich$
under which :G
¢:G’G, (g)= =g
-+G, $(g) willbea
g*' will be a
group
group homomorphism.
homomorphism. Find
Find ker
ker §.¢. ieIs$ ¢
surjective ?Why
surjective? Whyororwhy
why not?
not ? 44

(c) Find
(c) Find (132,
(132, —250)
-250) uaing
using the
the Euclidean
Euclidean

algorithm. Also,
algorithm. Also, find
find inm and
and nn ininZ Z such
such

that:
that : 5

mm(132)
(132)++n (-250)== (132,
t (—250) (132,—250).
-250).

3.3. (a)(a) Let

LetR Rbebea aring
ring with
with idealBI
ideals Iand
andI J auch
such

thatI
that ñL
J cLProve
Provethat:
that: 7 7

(R/ J) R (R
(R/J)
(I/
(I/J)J) I
 (b) Find the
the quotient field of Q[5][z]
QN5][x].. 33

(c) Find allthe

all the subgroupe
subgroups of Z2#
Zo and
and givea
give a

subgroup diagram for

forZZg0
2 . 55

4. (a) Let
LetA A == {a,
(o, b, c1
c and
andB B == (b,
(6, ej.
c;. Let
Letp(X)
p(X)

denote the power set

set X.
X. Then 8how
show that

pp (B)
(B) c pp (A). Al8o
Also find all
all the distinct left

coaets
cosets of
p (B) inpp (A).
ofp (A). 6

(b) Check whether Q[x] isa

is a field or
or
9+x+6r
not.
not. 5

(c)
() Let
Let S'S==z
$z e eC*|le
C* I |z) ==1}
lJ and
and U„U, bebe the
the set
set

ofof rtth
nth roote
roots of unity, nn sN.
eN. Check whether

or not U„A
or not S’.
U, AS. 44

6. (a) Let
Let R R=Zy2.
= Ztt. Give, with juetification
justification (i)
() a a

nilpotent element of
of R; (ii)a zero-diviaor of
(ii) a zero-divisor

RR that isriota
is not a nilpotent, (iii) char R.
R. 66

men%
(b) State the converse of Lagrange'e
Lagrange's theorem.

Prove or disprove, thia

this statement. 9

6. (a) Show that:

that:

S = a,b R

iaa
is a ring with respect to the uaual
usual addition

and
and multiplication of matrices. Ia
Is ita
it a ring

with unity ?? Ia
Is SS commutative ?? Give

reaaone
reasons foryour
for your an Bwera.
answers. 88
 (b)
(b) Prove that every maximal ideal of aa
commutative ringR
ring R with unit isa
is a prime

ideal.

Further.
Further, if R R has two distinct maximal
has two

ideals MJ
M, and M „ , will
and Mg, MyM, -*-+M,
M., bebe a a

maximal ideal of
ofR R?
? Why
Why or why
why not?
not ? 5

(c) By considering the Cayley table below,

By
decide whether the
the operation * is

commutative or not-
commutative not : 2

*o
C

b (

r c aab
b

7. (a) Let
LetG G be
bea a group with trivial centre. Find
Z (Aut G). 5

R[z
(b) Show
(b) that R[«] and
Show that and RR are isomorphic
()
rings.
rings. 7

(c)
(c) Let
Let R R be
be a a ring which satisfies the
which satisfies the

cancellation law
law for
for multiplication. Find all
all

thezero
the zero divisors in R.
R. 3

S.
8 Which ofthefollowing
of the following statements are true and
and

which are
are false?
false ? ‹Justify
Justify your answers (witha
(with a
short proof, or with aa
with counter-exam plc,
counter-example,
whichever is appropriate) : 10
10

(i)
(i) Z Z0
0 isa
is a subgroup
subgroup of
ofZZ0:
2 .

(ii) If
If F F is
isa a field, thenF
then F Sx FF is
is an integral

domain.

(iii)
(ii) char
char RR== char RR [x),
{.r], for any
for any integral
domain R.
R.
 G
(iv) IfG
If G ina
is a group and
and HAG
HAG a.t.
s.t. H H ia
is abelian,
abelian,

thenG
then G ieabelian.
is abelian.

(v)
(v) IfR
If R is aa ring with identity, then every
subring ofRR iealaoa
is also a ring with identity.