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Algebra 1 Homework 8

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23 views1 page

Algebra 1 Homework 8

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vedant
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Algebra I: Assignment 8

Note: You are not required to submit the assignment. You can (and are encouraged to) discuss solutions, ideas of
attacks, and doubts with each other.
For all the exercises below, unless otherwise mentioned, “p” will denote a prime number.

1. The characteristic of a commutative ring R, with multiplicative identity 1R is defined as the smallest positive
integer n such that 1R + · · · 1R (n times) = 0R . If no such positive integer exists, then R is said to have
characteristic 0.
a) Show that for every n > 0 there exists a ring of characteristic n. Show that a finite field cannot have
characteristic 0.
b) If R is a field of characteristic p > 0, show that the map ϕ : R → R given by ϕ(a) = ap is a ring
homomorphism. Is this also an isomorphism ?
c) If R is a ring homomorphism between two rings R1 , R2 , what is the connection between the characteristic
of R1 , R2 ?
d) Show that every field of characteristic 0 has a subfield isomorphic to Q.
2. (a) Show that intersection of two ideals is another ideal. The same is not true about union of ideals - show by
a counter example.
S
(b) Show that I J is an ideal if and only if either I ⊂ J or J ⊂ I. Prove reverse direction
(c) Is it true that I(J + K) = IJ + IK for any ideals I, J, K.
(d) If R is commutative then the set I := {a | a ∈ R, aI ⊂ R} is an ideal in R. (quotient ideal of R)
(e) If R is commutative then the set I := {a | a ∈ R, an = 0} is an ideal in R. (nil radical of R)
(f) Fix some a ∈ R and define I := {x | x ∈ R, xa = 0}. Show that I is an ideal in R. (right annihilator of
a).
(g) Suppose K ⊂ I is an ideal in the ring I. Show by an example that K is not necessarily an deal in R.
3. Show that the nil radical of Zn is nonzero if and only if n is divisible by the square of a prime.

4. Find all quotient rings of Z.


5. Show that any field F with characteristic p > 0 contains a subfield isomorphic to Zp (called the prime field of
F ).
6. Give an example of a prime ideal in Z ⊕ Z which is not a maximal ideal. Find all prime ideals and maximal
ideals of Z16 .

7. Investigate whether the following ideals are prime or maximal or none :


(a) R = Z6 and I = {0, 2, 4}.
(b) R = 2Z and I = 4Z.
(c) R = C[0, 1], ring of continuous functions with domain [0, 1] and I = {f |f ( 12 ) = 0}.

8. Show that an ideal P in a ring R is prime if and only if R − P is closed under multiplication.
√ √
9. Prove that I = (3, 1 + −5) is prime ideal of Z[ −5]. Is this ideal maximal ?
10. Suppose ϕ : R → R′ is a ring homomorphism and I ′ is an ideal in R′ . Is I = f −1 (I ′ ) (i.e. the pre-image
or pullback of I ′ ) also an ideal in R. If I ′ is prime or a maximal ideal the does the pullback also have same
properties ?
11. Let R be a commutative ring with identity where the set of all non-regular (i.e. zero divisors) elements forms
an ideal M . Show that M is a maximal ideal of R and M contains any other proper ideal of R. Find examples
of such a ring and verify the result.

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