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Advantages of Knowing Requirements for Understanding the

the Smith Chart Smith Chart
• Popularity: one of most widely used graphical • Have basic orientation to T-lines
methods for T-line analysis & design
– Concepts (generator, load, matching, etc.)
SMITH CHART – as an aid in a pencil & paper approach
– Parameters (Z0, Zin, , , VSWR, Y=1/Z, etc.)
– for display by measurement and CAD tools
• Labor-saving: facilitates complex number calculations • Become familiar with some unique aspects
without losing too much accuracy – What curves on the graph represent
• Serves as a valuable tool for visualizing key aspects of – How to show Z or Y and move along the line
T-line systems as they depend on frequency or • Practice using the Smith Chart to find ,
position along the line
VSWR, Zin, and do T-line matching
1

Complete Smith Chart

SMITH CHART (Cont’d) SMITH CHART (Cont’d) Positive xL Circles

• Graphical tool for use with transmission line

circuits and microwave circuit elements. The transmission rL Circles
line calculator,
• Only lossless transmission line will be
commonly
considered.
referred as the
• Two graphs in one ; Smith Chart
➢ Plots normalized impedance at any point.

➢ Plots reflection coefficient at any point. Negative xL Circles

4 Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth 5

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

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SMITH CHART (Cont’d)

Scale for magnitude of reflection coefficient

Scale for angle

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics of
With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
reflectionCopyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
coefficient

12

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

SMITH CHART (Cont’d)

• Move along the constant L e j circle is akin



to moving along the transmission line.

➢ Moving away from the load (towards

generator) corresponds to moving in the
clockwise direction on the Smith Chart.

➢ Moving towards the load corresponds to

moving in the anti-clockwise direction on the
Smith Chart.

14

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Reading of the Ruler Reading of the Ruler

Reading of the Ruler Reading of the Ruler Reading of the Ruler

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Reading of the Ruler Reading of the Ruler SMITH CHART (Cont’d)

For Z0 = 50Ω ,

a → ZL = 0 (short cct)
b → ZL = ∞ (open cct)
c → ZL = 100 + j100 Ω
d → ZL = 100 - j100 Ω
e → ZL = 50 Ω

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved. 24

Reflection coefficient at the load

The complex Γ plane.
Smith Chart ΓA :0.3 + j0.4 ΓB :-0.5 - j0.2

• Reflection coefficient, ΓA :0.3 + j0.4


 = (0.3)2 + (0.4)2 1/ 2 = 0.5
 r = tan −1(0.4 / 0.3) = 53

Reflection coefficient, ΓB :-0.5 - j0.2


 = (0.5)2 + (0.2)2 1/ 2 = 0.54
 r = tan −1(0.5 / 0.2) = 202 
In order to eliminate –ve part, thus
 r = 360  − 202  = −158 

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Input Impedance Maxima and Minima

Constant SWR circle
(standing-wave ratio) S: standing-wave ratio

For i = 0
S −1
r0 − 1 =
 = r = S +1
r0 + 1

Impedance to Admittance Transformation

HOW TO USE SMITH CHART? SMITH CHART (Cont’d)

The Smith Chart is a plot of normalized To locate this point on Smith Chart, normalize the
impedance. For example, if a Z0 = 50 Ω load impedance, ZNL = ZL/ZN to obtain ZNL = 1 + j2 Ω
transmission line is terminated in a load
ZL = 50 + j100 Ω as below:

32 33

(c)

A T-line terminated in a load (a) shown with values normalized to

location of the normalized load impedance is found on the Smith
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SMITH CHART (Cont’d) SMITH CHART (Cont’d) SMITH CHART (Cont’d)

The reflection coefficient has a magnitude L

The normalized load and an angle   : For this example,
impedance is located  = L e j 

at the intersection of  = L e j 

Where the magnitude can be measured using a

the r =1 circle and the 0

x =+2 circle.
scale for magnitude of reflection coefficient = 0.7 e j 45
provided below the Smith Chart, and the angle is
indicated on the angle of reflection coefficient
scale shown outside the L = 1 circle on chart.

(c)

A T-line terminated in a load (a) shown with values normalized to Z0 in (b). (c) The 34 35 Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth 36
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
location of the normalized load impedance is found on the Smith Chart.

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

 plane (Vreflected / Vforward)

SMITH CHART (Cont’d) SMITH CHART (Cont’d)
The chart is too cluttered to display the
 values. So || is displayed in an
auxiliary scale at the bottom.
• To find ZIN, move towards the generator by:
(Of course  is simply the polar After locating the normalized impedance point,
angle.)
draw the constant L e j circle. For example,
 ➢Drawing a line from the center of chart to
The || - scale is typically calibrated for
other useful functions of ||. the line is 0.3λ length: outside Wavelengths Toward Generator (WTG)
scale, to get starting point a at 0.188λ
j
➢Adding 0.3λ moves along the constant L e 

Reflection coefficient  circle to 0.488λ on the WTG scale.

0 0.5 1
0.7
➢Read the corresponding normalized input
The value of 1.7 s read from the center which is 1 giving a net of 0.7.
Alternatively, a impedance point c, ZNIN = 0.175 - j0.08Ω

38 39

Movement along a T-line corresponds to movement along a constant- [L] circle on

the Smith Chart.

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

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SMITH CHART (Cont’d) EXAMPLE 2

Denormalizing, to find
Using the Smith Chart determine the input
an input impedance,
Take out your Smith Chart, impedance of the circuit below given Z0=50
Z IN = Z NIN Z 0 and ZL = 50-j25

Z IN = 8.75 − j 4
pencil and compass!

VSWR is
at point b, LETS TRY!!
VSWR = 5.9

40 41 42
Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 2 SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 2 (Cont’d)

(iv) Move from point a (at 0.356λ) on the WTG

(i) Normalize the load by dividing by the
scale, clockwise toward generator a distance
characteristic impedance Z NL = 1 − j 0 .5
λ/8 or 0.125λ to point b, which is at 0.481λ.
(ii) Locate the normalized load, and label it as
point a, where it corresponds to We could find that at this point, it corresponds
to
Z NL = 1 − j 0.5 Z NIN = 0.62 − j 0.07
(iii) Draw constant L e j circle. 
Denormalizing it,
(iv) It can be seen that Z IN = 31 − j3.5
L = 0.245e j −76
0
and VSWR = 1.66 43 44

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EXAMPLE 3 SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 3 SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 3 (Cont’d)

(iii) Take note the value of wavelength for point a at

(i) Normalize the input impedance: WTL scale.
The input impedance for a 100 Ω lossless
At point a, WTL = 0.436λ
transmission line of length 1.162 λ is Z in 12 + j 42
zin = = = 0.12 + j 0.42 (iv) Move a distance 1.162λ towards the load to point b
Z0 100 WTL = 0.436λ + 1.162λ
measured as 12 + j42Ω. Determine the
= 1.598λ
(ii) Locate the normalized input impedance and
load impedance.
But, to plot point b, 1.598λ – 1.500λ = 0.098λ
label it as point a
Note: One complete rotation of WTL/WTG = 0.5λ

46 47 48

SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 3 (Cont’d) EXAMPLE 4

(v) Read the point b: On a 50  lossless transmission line,

Z NL = 0.15 − j 0.7 the VSWR is measured as 3.4. A voltage
maximum is located 0.079λ away from
Denormalized it:
the load (towards generator). Determine
Z L = Z NL Z 0 the load.
= 15 − j 70 

49 51

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SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4 Example 5

(i) Use the given VSWR to draw a constant L e
j  • A 50-Ω transmission line is terminated with ZL=(100-
circle. j50)Ω. Find Zin at a distance l =0.1λ from the load.

(ii) Then move from maximum voltage at

Solution:
WTG = 0.250λ (towards the load) to point a Normalized the load impedance

at WTG = 0.250λ - 0.079λ = 0.171λ.

Z 100 − j 50
(iii) At this point we have ZNL = 1 + j1.3 Ω, zL = L =
Z0 50
or ZL = 50 + j65 Ω.  zL = 2 − j

52

Solution to Example 5 VSWR, Voltage Maxima and Voltage VSWR, Voltage Maxima and Voltage
Minima Minima
• Point A is the normalized load impedance with
zL=2+j1
zL=2+j1.
VSWR = 2.6 • VSWR = 2.6 (at Pmax).
(at Pmax).
• The distance between the load and the first voltage
maximum is lmax=(0.25-0.213)λ=0.037λ.
A=2− j
• The distance between the load and the first voltage
l =0.1λ lmax=(0.25-0.213)λ
=0.037λ. minimum is lmin=(0.037+0.25)λ =0.287λ.
zin = 0.6 –j0.66

de normalize lmin=(0.037+0.25)λ
=0.287λ
(multiplying by Zo) Zin
= 30 –j33

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Impedance to admittance Solution to Example 6

Example 6
transformations Point A =VSWR = 3

• Given that the voltage standing-wave ratio, VSWR = 3. On a 5

50-Ω line, the first voltage minimum occurs at 5 cm from the l min = = 0.125 
40
load, and that the distance between successive minima is 20
cm, find the load impedance. z L = 0.6 − j 0.8
zL=0.6 + j1.4
Solution:
The distance between successive minima is equal to
λ/2.
yL=0.25 - j0.6
➢the distance between successive minima is 20 cm,
Hence, λ = 40 cm
20 =  / 2 de normalize
  = 2(20 ) (multiplying by Zo) Zin
= 30 –j40

Solution to Example 6 Exercise EXAMPLE 7 (TRY THIS!)

• First voltage minimum (in wavelength unit) is at Use Smith Chart to determine the input impedance
5 Zin of the two line configuration shown as below:
l min =  the WTL scale from point B.
= 0.125on
40

• Intersect the line with constant SWR circle = 3.

• The normalized load impedance at point C is:
z L = 0.6 − j 0.8
• De-normalize (multiplying by Z0) to get ZL:
Z L = 50 (0.6 − j 0.8) = (30 − j 40 )

66

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ANSWER FOR EXAMPLE 7 THE IMPEDANCE MATCHING

The important of impedance matching or tuning:

• Maximum power is delivered when the load is matched to the line.

IMPEDANCE MATCHING USING • The power loss in the feed line is minimized.
ZIN = 65.7 – j 124.7Ω SMITH CHART • Improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

• Reduced the amplitude and phase errors.

67 68 69

THE IMPEDANCE MATCHING IMPEDANCE MATCHING IMPEDANCE MATCHING (Cont’d)

Matching Load • The transmission line is said to be matched Adding an impedance matching networks
Z0
Network ZL ensures that all power make it or delivered to
when Z0 = ZL which no reflection occurs. the load.
Figure 9: A lossless network matching an arbitrary load impedance
to a transmission line. • The purpose of matching network is to

Factors in the matching network selection: transform the load impedance ZL such that the
• Complexity input impedance Zin looking into the network is
• Bandwidth
• Implementation equal to Z0 of the transmission line.
• Adjustability
Adding an impedance-matching network ensures that all power will make it to the
70
load.
71 72

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

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IMPEDANCE MATCHING (Cont’d) Quarter and Half Wavelength Line

QUARTER WAVE TRANSFORMER
Transmission lines that are exactly quarter wavelength
or a half wavelength long have important impedance- The quarter wave transformer matching
• Techniques of impedance matching : transforming properties and for this purpose these are
network only can be constructed if the load
used at radio frequencies.
➢Quarter-wave transformer impedance is all real (no reactive component)

➢Single / double stub tuner

➢Lumped element tuner
➢Multi-section transformer

Quarter-wave transformer.
73 83

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

IMPEDANCE MATCHING
QUARTER WAVE TRANSF. (Cont’d) QUARTER WAVE TRANSF. (Cont’d)
With Stub
To find the impedance looking into the quarter • It much more convenient to add shunt
wave long section of lossless ZS impedance line So, elements rather than series elements → Easier
terminated in a resistive load RL: Z 2 to work in terms of admittances.
Zin = S = Z 0
RL
RL + jZ S tan  l • Admittance:
Y=
1
Z in = Z S
Z S + jRL tan  l Rearrange to get impedance matched line,
Z

2  
But, for quarter wavelength, l = = , Z S = Z 0 RL
 4 2
tan l = 

84 85 86

(a) Admittance relationship to impedance. (b) Adding shunt elements using

admittances.

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

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Finding normalized
IMPEDANCE MATCHING (Cont’d) admittance with a Smith Single- stub matching
Chart.

Adding shunt elements using admittances: • Matching network consists of two sections of
transmission lines.
• First section of length d, while the second section of
length l in parallel with the first section, hence it is
called stub.
Figure 6-25 (p. 299) • The second section is terminated with either short-
With Smithrelationship
(a) Admittance chart,to impedance.
it is easy toshunt
(b) Adding find normalized
elements using
circuit or open circuit.
admittances.
admittance – move to a point on the opposite
Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

side of the constant L e j circle. 

87

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

Single- stub matching Single- stub matching Single- stub matching

• The length l of the stub is chosen so that its input • Thus, the main idea of shunt stub matching network is to:
YL=1/ZL admittance, YS at MM’ is equal to –jB.
• (i) Find length d and l in order to get yd and yl .
• Hence, the parallel sum of the two admittances at
stub

l
MM’ yields Y0, which is the characteristic admittance • (ii) Ensure total admittance yin = yd + yl = 1 for complete
of the line.
matching network.

d
feed line

Yd = Y0+jB

Yd = Y0+jB

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SHUNT STUB MATCHING NETWORK SHUNT STUB MATCHING NET. (Cont’d) SHUNT STUB USING SMITH CHART

• Locate the normalized load impedance ZNL.

The matching network has to transform the real part
of load impedance, RL to Z0 and reactive part, XL to Thus, the main idea of shunt stub matching • Draw constant SWR circle and locate YNL.
zero → Use two adjustable parameters – e.g. shunt- network is to: • Move clockwise (WTG) along L e j circle to intersect


stub. with 1 ± jB → value of yd.

(i) Find length d and l in order to get yd and yl .
• The length moved from YNL towards yd is the through
(ii) Ensure total admittance ytot = yd + yl = 1 for line length, d.
 • Locate yl at the point jB .
complete matching network.
• Depends on the shorted/open stub, move along the
periphery of the chart towards yl (WTG).
• The distance traveled is the length of stub, l .

(a) The generic layout of the shorted shunt-stub matching network.

93 94 95

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

Solution to Example 7
SHORTED SHUNT STUB MATCHING Example 7 B = yL
Generic layout of the shorted shunt stub = 0.4 + j0.8
matching network: 50-Ω transmission line is connected to an antenna
y L = load admittance
with load impedance ZL = (25 − j50)Ω. Find the
position and length of the short-circuited stub
required to match the line.
Solution:
The normalized load impedance is:

Z L 25 − j 50 (located at A).
zL = = = 0.5 − j
Z0 50
A = 0.5 − j

96

Figure 6-28a (p. 302)

(a) The generic layout of the shorted shunt-stub matching network.

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

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B = 0.115

Solution to Example 7 Solution to Example 7

• Value of yL at B is yL = 0.4 + j 0.8 which locates at First matching points, C.
B
position 0.115λ on the WTG scale. C = 1+j1.58 • At C, yd = 1 + j1.58 is at 0.178λ on WTG scale.
• Distance B and C is d = (0.178 − 0.155) = 0.063
• Draw constant SWR circle that goes through points A • Normalized input admittance yin = ys + yd
and B. at the juncture is: 1 + j 0 = ys + 1 + j1.58
ys = − j1.58
• There are two possible matching points, C and D D = 1-j1.58 E is the admittance of short-circuit stub, yL=-j∞.
where the constant SWR circle intersects with circle A
rL=1 (now gL =1 circle). Normalized admittance of −j 1.58 at F and position
0.34λ on the WTG scale gives:
l1 = (0.34 − 0.25) = 0.09

B = 0.115
d1 = 0.063λ
d = (0.178 − 0.115) = 0.063 First matching points, C Solution to Example 7
• Thus, the values are: Second matching point, D.
• At point D, yd = 1 − j1.58
B
C = 1+j1.58
• d1 = 0.063 λ
• Distance B and D is d 2 = (0.322 − 0.115) = 0.207
• l1 = 0.09 λ • Normalized input admittance ys = + j1at .58G.
E
• yd1 = 1 + j1.58 Ω • Rotating from point E to point G, we get
• ys1 = -j1.58 Ω l2 = (0.25 + 0.16) = 0.41

l1 = 0.090λ
l = (0.34 − 0.25) = 0.09
A
• Where Yin = yd + ys = (1 + j1.58) + (-j1.58) = 1
F = -j1.58 yin = ys + yd
F
1 + j 0 = ys + 1 + j1.58
ys = − j1.58

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d = (0.322 − 0.115)
l = (0.25 − 0.16)
= 0.41
= 0.207 First matching points, D d1=0.063 λ

d2=0.207 λ
B
G G = +j1.58
• Thus, the values are:
• d2 = 0.207 λ
d2 = 0.207λ
• l2 = 0.41 λ
E
l2
= 0.41λ
• yd2 = 1 - j1.58 Ω
• ys2 = +j1.58 Ω
D = 1-j1.58
l1=0.09λ,
A
l2=0.41 λ
• Where Yin = yd + ys = (1 - j1.58) + (+j1.58) = 1

EXAMPLE 8 (TRY THIS!) SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 8

1. Locate the normalized load impedance,

ZNL = ZL/Z0 = 0.4 – j1.1Ω
Construct the shorted shunt stub 2. Draw constant L e j  circle.

matching network for a 50Ω line 3. Locate YNL. (0.112λ at WTG)

terminated in a load ZL = 20 – j55Ω 4. Moving to the first intersection with the

1 ± jB circle, which is at 1 + j2.0 → yd
5. Get the value of through line length, d
→ from 0.112λ to 0.187λ on the WTG scale,
so d = 0.075λ

108 109
Figure 6-28bc (p. 302)
(b) Adding shunt admittances. (c) Using the Smith Chart to find through line and
stub lengths. Values on the chart apply to Example 6.7.
Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

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SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 8 (Cont’d) SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 8 (Cont’d)

6. Locate the location of short on the Smith Chart

Thus, the values are:
(note: when short circuit, ZL = 0, hence YL = ∞)
d = 0.075 λ
→on the right side of the chart with WTG=0.25λ l = 0.074 λ
7. Move clockwise (WTG) until point  jB, which yd = 1 + j2.0 Ω
yl = -j2.0 Ω
is at 0 - j2.0, located at WTG= 0.324λ → yl

8. Determine the stub length, l

Where YTOT = yd + yl = (1 + j2.0) + (-j2.0) = 1
→ 0.324λ – 0.25λ = 0.074 λ

111 113

Figure 6-28bc (p. 302)

(b) Adding shunt admittances. (c) Using the Smith Chart to find through line and
stub lengths. Values on the chart apply to Example 6.7.
Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

OPEN END SHUNT STUB MATCHING EXAMPLE 9 (TRY THIS!)

Generic layout of the open ended shunt stub

matching network:

Construct an open ended shunt stub

matching network for a 50Ω line
terminated in a load ZL = 150 + j100 Ω

115 116
8bc (p. 302) (a) The generic layout of the open-ended shunt-stub matching network.
unt admittances. (c) Using the Smith Chart to find through line and
Values on the chart apply to Example 6.7. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

17
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Figure 6-29b (p. 304)

SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 9 (b) Smith Chart solution to
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 9 (Cont’d)
Example 6.8.
1. Locate the normalized load impedance, 6. Locate the location of open end on the Smith
ZNL = ZL/Z0 = 3.0 + j2.0Ω
Chart (note: when open circuit, ZL = ∞, hence
2. Draw constant L e j  circle.
YL = 0) →on the left side with WTG = 0.00λ
3. Locate YNL. (0.474λ at WTG)
4. Moving to the first intersection with the 7. Move clockwise (WTG) until point  jB, which

1 ± jB circle, which is at 1 + j1.6 → yd is at 0 – j1.6, located at WTG= 0.339λ → yl

5. Get the value of through line length, d
8. Determine the stub length, l
→ from 0.474λ to 0.178λ on the WTG scale,
so d = 0.204λ → 0.339λ – 0.00λ = 0.339 λ

117 119

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

Figure 6-29b (p. 304)

b) Smith Chart solution to SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 9 (Cont’d) IMPORTANT!!
xample 6.8.

In both previous example, we chose the first

Thus, the values are:
intersection with the1 ± jB circle in designing our
d = 0.204 λ
matching network. We could also have continued
l = 0.339 λ
on to the second intersection.
yd = 1 + j1.6 Ω
yl = -j1.6 Ω Thus, try both intersection to determine which
solution produces max/min length of through
Where YTOT = yd + yl = (1 + j1.6) + (-j1.6) = 1 line, d or length of stub, l.

121 122

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

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EXERCISE (TRY THIS!) Advantages &Demerits of Single Stub Matching Advantages &Demerits of Single Stub Matching

Determine the through line length and stub Advantages of short circuited stub − Demerits of Single Stub Matching
length for both example above by using second
(i) Less power radiation and •The single stub matching suffers from the two main
intersection.
(ii) Effective length variation is possible by disadvantages as follows:
shorting bar, thus, a short circuited stub is invariably (i)The range of terminating impedances which can be
For shorted shunt stub (example 6): used. For lossless short circuited stub VR = 0. transferred is limited.
d = 0.2 λ and l = 0.426 λ (ii)It is useful only for a fixed frequency because as the
For open ended shunt stub (example 7): frequency varies, the position of stub has to be varied.
d = 0.348 λ and l = 0.161 λ

123

Double Stub Matching

Balun Continued…
The disadvantages of single stub matching are
overcome by using double stub matching as A Balun or a balance to unbalance transformer, is a
shown in Fig. circuit element used to connect a balanced line to
unbalanced line. i.e. it is used to connect an
unbalanced (coaxial) line to a balance antenna such
as a dipole.

As shown here the windings associated with the

balanced
system is symmetrically arranged with respect to a
grounded electrostatic shield so that stray
capacitances inevitably present will not introduce Fig. Balanced to Unbalanced Transformation With
unbalance. The Help of Tuned Transformer
Fig. Double Stub Matching

19