3.

ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
Quick Review
1. If the complex numbers are arranged in the form of a rectangular array consisting of the complex
numbers in horizontal and vertical lines then that arrangement is called a matrix. The horizontal
lines of numbers in a matrix are called rows and the vertical lines of numbers in a matrix are
called columns. The numbers in a matrix are called elements or entries.
2. If a matrix A has m rows and n columns then the matrix is said to be a type or order or size m  n
(read as m by n).
 a11 a12 . . . a1n 
a a . . . a 
 21 22 2n  1 i  m
3. An m  n matrix A is usually written as A =  . . . . . .  or A = (a ij ) m n’ .
 . . . . . .  1 j  n
 
am1 a m 2 . . . amn 
4. A matrix A is said to be a square matrix if the number of rows in A is equal to the number of
columns in A. An n  n square matrix is called a square matrix of type n.
5. If A is a square matrix then the diagonal in A from the first element of the first row to the last
element of the last row is called the principal diagonal of A.
6. If A is a square matrix then the sum of elements in the principal digonal of A is called trace of A.
It is denoted by tra A.
7. A matrix A is said to be a rectangular matrix if the number of rows in A is not equal to the
number of columns in A. i.e., A is called a rectangular matrix if A is not a square matrix.
8. A matrix A is said to be a zero matrix if every element of A is equal to zero. An m  n zero
matrix is denoted by Omn or O.
9. A matrix A is said to be a row matrix if A contains only one row.
10. A matrix A is said to be a column matrix if A contains only one column.
11. A square matrix A = (aij)nn is said to be an upper triangular matrix if aij = 0 whenever i > j.
12. A square matrix A = (aij)nn is said to be an lower triangular matrix if aij = 0 whenever i < j.
13. A square matrix A is said to be a triangular matrix if A is either an upper triangular matrix or a
lower triangular matrix.
14. A square matrix A is said to be a diagonal matrix if A is both an upper triangular matrix and a
lower triangular matrix. i.e., A square matrix in which every element is equal to 0, except those of
principal diagonal of the matrix is a diagonal matrix.
15. A diagonal matrix A is said to be a scalar matrix if all elements in the principal diagonal are
equal.
16. A diagonal matrix is said to be a unit matrix if every element in the principal diagonal is equal to
unity. A unit matrix of order n is denoted by In.
xij = 1 if i = j
Now In = (xij)nn where
= 0 if i j
17. Two matrices A and B are said to be equal if (i) A, B are of same type and (ii) the corresponding
elements in A and B are equal. It is denoted by A = B.

1
18. If A and B are two matrices of same type then their sum is defined to be the matrix obtained by
adding the corresponding elements of A and B. It is denoted by A + B. If A = (a ij)m n, B = (bij)mn
then A + B = (cij)mn where cij = aij + bij.
19. Matrix addition is commutative. i.e., If A and B are two matrices of same type then A + B = B +
A.
20. Matrix addition is associative i.e. If A, B and C are three matrices of same type then (A + B) + C
=
A + (B + C).
21. If A is an m  n matrix then A + O = O + A = A. The matrix O is called additive identity matrix.
22. If A is an m  n matrix then there exists as m  n matrix B such that A + B = B + A = O.
23. If A is an m  n matrix then the matrix B such that A + B = B + A = O is called additive inverse
matrix of A. It is denoted by – A.
24. If A, B are two matrices of same type then A + (–B) is called the difference of B in A. It is
denoted by A – B.
25. If A is a matrix of type m  n and k is a complex number then their product is defined to be the
matrix obtained by multiplying every element of the matrix A by the number k. It is denoted by
kA.
26. If A, B are two matrices of same type and k, l are complex numbers, then (i) k (A + b) = kA + kB
(ii) (k + l)A = kA + lA (iii) (k l) A = k(lA) (iv) 0 A = O (v) kO = O.
27. Two matrices A and B are said to be conformable for multiplication if the number of columns in
A is equal to the number of rows in B. If A = (a ij)mn, B = (bjk)n  p are two matrices (which are
conformable for multiplication) then their product is defined to be the matrix C = (cik)mp where
n

cij = a b
j=1
ij jk . It is denoted by AB.

28. If the product AB exists then it is not necessary that the product BA will also exist.
29. Matrix multiplication is not commutative. Even if AB and BA exist, they need not be equal.
30. If AB=O, then either A or B need not be equal to O.
31. If AB = AC then B need not be equal to C even if A  O.
32. Matrix multiplication is associative, i.e., if conformability is assured for the matrices A, B and C,
then (AB)C = A(BC).
33. Matrix multiplication is distributive over matrix addition i.e., If conformability is assured for the
matrices A, B and C, then
i) A(B +C) = AB + AC; (ii) (B + C)A = BA + CA
34. If A is a matrix of type m  n then AIn = ImA = A.
35. If A is a square matrix, then AI = IA = A. The matrix I is called multiplicative identity matrix.
36. If A is a square matrix, then A m A n = A m+n = A n A m .
37. A square matrix A is said to be an idempotent matrix if A2 = A.
38. A square matrix A is said to be an involuntary matrix if A2 = I.
39. A square matrix A is said to be a nipotent matrix if there exists a positive integer n such that An =
O. If n is the least positive integer such that An = O, then n is called the index of the nilpotent
matrix A.
40. The matrix obtained by changing the rows of a given matrix A into columns is called transpose of
A. It is denoted by A T or A. If A = (aij)mn then A T = (aji)mn where aji = aij.

2
 If A is any matrix, then (AT ) =A.
T
41.
42. If A and B are two matrices of same type, then (A + B)T = A T + BT .
43. If A is any matrix and k is any complex number then (kA)T = kA T .
44. If A and B are two matrices for which conformability for multiplication is assured, then
(AB)T = BT AT .
45. If TA1T, A2, …, An are n matrices which are conformable for multiplication then (A1, A2 …An)T =
A A ...A T .
n n−1 1

46. A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A T = A.

47. A square matrix A said to be a skew symmetric matrix if A T = –A.
48. Every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as a sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew
symmetric matrix.
49. If A and B are two square matrices of same type then
(i) tra (A + B) = tra A + tra B (ii) tra (A – B) = tra A – tra B
(iii) tra (AB) = tra BA (iv) tra (kA) = ktra A where k is a complex number.
50. Conjugate of a matrix : The matrix obtained from a matrix A on replacing elements by the
corresponding conjugate complex numbers is called the conjugate of A and it is denoted by A .
51. Transposed conjugate of a matrix : The transpose of the conjugate of a matrix A is called
transposed conjugate of A and is denoted by A  or A.
52. Hermitian matrix : A square matrix A is said to be a hermitian matrix if A  = A.
53. Skew-hermitian matrix : A square matrix A is said to be a skew-hermitian matrix if A  = –A.
INVERSE MATRIX
1. The transpose of the matrix obtained by replacing the elements of a square matrix A by the
corresponding cofactors is called the adjoint matrix of A. It is denoted by Adj A or adj A.
a11 a12 a13  A11 A21 A31 
2. If A = a21 a22 a23  then Adj A = A12 A22 A32

   
a31 a32 a33  A13 A23 A33 

3. Square matrix A is said to be an invertible matrix if there exists a square matrix B such that
AB = BA = I. The matrix B is called inverse of A.
4. Every square matrix need not be invertible.
5. An invertible matrix has unique inverse.
6. If A is an invertible matrix then its inverse is denoted by A–1. Now AA–1 = A–1A = I.
7. If I is a unit matrix then I is invertible and I–1 = I.
8. If A is an invertible matrix then A–1 is also invertible and (A–1)–1 = A.
9. In A and B are two invertible matrices of same type then AB is also invertible and (AB)–1 = B–
1 –1
A .
10. If A is an invertible matrix and k is a nonzero complex number then kA is invertible and (kA)–1 =
–1 –1
k A .
11. If A is an invertible matrix then AT is also invertible and (AT)–1 = (A–1)T.
Adj A
12. If A is a non-singular matrix then A is invertible and A–1 = .
det A
13. If A is a square matrix, then A(Adj A) = (det A)I.

3
 1
14. If A is an invertible matrix then det(A–1) = .
det A
a c 1  d − b
15. If A = and ad bc then A–1 = .
   
b d ad − bc − c a 
16. Let A, B, C be three square matrices of same type and A be a non-singular matrix. Then (i) AB =
AC  B = C (ii) BA = CA  B = C .
17. If A and B are non-singular matrices of same type then Adj(AB) = (Adj B) (Adj A).
18. If A is a square matrix of type n then det (Adj A) = (det A)n–1.
a b  d − b
19. If A = then Adj A = .
   
c d − c a 
a 0 0
 
20. If A= 0 b 0  and abc  0 then
0 0 c
1/ a 0 0 
A–1 =  0 
1/ b 0  .
 0 0 1/ c

DETERMINANTS
1. a b
If A=  
then the number ad – bc is called determinant of A. It is denoted by det A or |A| or
c d
a b
.
c d
2. If aij is an element which is in the ith row and jth column of a square matrix A, then the product if
(–1)i+j and the minor of aij is called cofactor of aij. It is denoted by Aij.
a1 b1 c1 
 
3. If A = a 2 b2 c2  , then a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1 = a2A2 + b2B2 + c2C2 = a3A3 + b3B3 + c3C3 = a1A1 +
a3 b3 c 3 
a2A2+a3A3 = b1B1+b2B2 + b3B3 = c1C1 + c2C2 + c3C3.
4. The sum of the products of the elements of the first row of a square matrix A with their
corresponding cofactors is called the determinant of the matrix A.
5. The determinant of a square matrix A is equal to the sum of the products of the elements of a row
(or column) of A with their corresponding cofactors.
6. A square matrix A is said to be a (i) singular matrix if det A = 0, (ii) non-singular matrix if det
A  0.
7. If A is a square matrix, then det A = det AT.
8. The sign of the determinant of a square matrix changes if any two rows (or columns) in the matrix
are interchanged.
9. If two rows (or columns) of a square matrix are identical, the value of the determinant of the
matrix is zero.
10. If all the elements of a row (or column) of a square matrix are multiplied by a number k then the
value of the determinant of the matrix obtained is k times the determinant of the given matrix.
11. If the elements of a row (or column) of a square matrix are k times the elements of another row
(or column), then the value of the determinant of the matrix is zero.

4
12. In each element in a row (or column) of a square matrix is the sum of two numbers, then its
determinant can be expressed as the sum of the determinants of two square matrices.
13. If the elements of a row (or column) of a square matrix are added with k times the corresponding
elements of another row (or column), then the value of the determinant of the matrix obtained is
equal to the value of the determinant of the given matrix.
14. The sum of the products of the elements of any row (or column) of a square matrix with the
cofactors of the corresponding elements of another row (or column) of the matrix is zero.
15. If A and B are two square matrices of same type, then det (AB) = det A . det B.
16. The determinant of a triangular matrix is the product of the elements of the principal diagonal of
the matrix.
a h g
17. h b f = abc + 2fgh − af 2 − bg2 − ch2 .
g f c
a b c
18. b c a = 3abc − a3 − b3 − c 3 .
c a b

1+ a b c
19. a 1+ b c = 1+ a + b + c .
a b 1+ c

1 a a2 1 a bc
20. 1 b b 2
= 1 b ca = (a − b)(b − c)(c − a)
1 c c2 1 c ab

1 a a3 1 a2 bc
21. 1 b b 3
= 1 b 2
ca =
1 c c3 1 c2 ab

(a − b)(b − c)(c − a)(a + b + c)

1 a2 a3 a a2 bc
22. 1 b 2
b 3
= b b 2
ca = (a − b)(b − c)(c − a)(ab + bc + ca)
1 c2 c3 c c2 ab

LINEAR EQUATIONS
1. Consider the system of simultaneous linear equations in two variables. a1x+b1y = c1, a2x + b2y= c2
a b1  x c 
Let A = 1 ,X= ,B= 1
a b2  y c 
2 2
     
The system of equations (1) can be represented as a matrix equation AX = B.
2. If x = , y =  where ,  are complex numbers, satisfy the equations of system (1), then x = ,
y =  is called a solution of system (1).
3. Consider the system of simultaneous linear equations in three variables, a1x + b1y + c1z = d1; a2x
+ b2y + c2z = d2 → (2) a3x + b3y + c3z =d3
a1 b1 c1  x d1 
Let A = a2 b 2 c 2  , X = y , B = d2  .
     
a3 b3 c 3  z d3 

5
 The system of equations (2) can be represented as a matrix equation AX = B.
4. The system of equations AX = B is said to be consistent if AX = B has a solution.
5. The system of equations AX = B is said to be inconsistent if AX = B has no solution.
6. If A is a non-singular matrix then A −1B is a solution of AX = B.
7. If A is a non-singular matrix then AX = B has a unique solution.
8. If A is a non-singular matrix then X = A −1B is the unique solution of AX = B.
9. Cramer’s Rule : Let a1x + b1y + c1z = d1; a2x + b2y + c2z = d2; a3x + b3y + c3z =d3 → (1) be a
a1 b1 c1
system of linear equations. If  = a2 b2 c2 0 ,
a3 b3 c3

d1 b1 c1 a1 d1 c1
 1 = d2 b 2 c 2 , 2 = a2 d2 c2 ,
d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3
a1 b1 d1   
3 = a2 b2 d2 then x = 1 ,y= 2 ,z= 3 is the solution of (1).
  
a3 b3 d3

10. Let a1x + b1y + c1z = d1; a2x + b2y + c2z = d2; a3x + b3y + c3z = d3 → (1) be a system of linear
a1 b1 c1  a1 b1 c1 d1 
 
equations. The matrix a2 b2 c 2  is called coefficient matrix and the matrix a2 b 2 c2 d2 
a3 b3 c3  a3 b3 c3 d3 
is called augmented matrix.
11. Elementary transformations : An elementary row (column) transformation is an operation of
any one of the following types.
1) The interchange of any two rows (columns).
2) The multiplication of the elements of any row (column) by a nonzero number.
3) The addition to the elements of a row (column), the corresponding elements of any other
row (column) multiplied by a number.
12. The following notation will be used to denote the elementary transformations.
1) The interchange of ith and jth rows will be denoted by Ri  Rj (for columns Ci  Cj).
2) The multiplication of the elements of Ith row by a nonzero number k will be denoted by
Ri → k Ri or simply kRi (for columns Ci → kCi or simply kCi).
3) The addition to the elements of ith row, the corresponding elements of jth row multiplied
by a number k will be denoted by Ri → Ri + kRj or simply Ri + kRj (for columns Ci →
Ci + kCj or simply Ci + kCj).
13. Gauss Jordan Method : Let a1x + b1y + c1z = d1; a2x + b2y + c2z = d2; a3x + b3y + c3z =d3 → (1)
be a system of linear equations.
a1 b1 c1 d1  1 0 0 
   
If the augmented matrix a2 b2 c2 d2  can be reduced to the form 
0 1 0  by using
a3 b3 c3 d3  0 0 1  
elementary row transformations then x = , y = , z =  is the solution of (1).
14. A matrix obtained by deleting some rows or columns (or both) of a matrix is called a submatrix.
15. If B is a square submatrix of order r of a matrix A then det B is called an r-rowed miner of A.

6
16. (1) Suppose A is a nonzero matrix. A positive integer r is said to be the rank of A if (i) there
exists a nonzero r-rowed minor of A (ii) every
(r + 1)-rowed minor of A (if exists) is zero. (2) The rank of a zero matrix is defined to be zero.
17. Suppose A is a nonzero 3  3 matrix. Then (i) If A is a non-singular matrix then its rank s 3. (ii) If
A is a singular matrix and if atleast one of its 2  2 submatrix is non-singular then the rank of A is
2. (iii) If A is a singular matrix and every 2  2 submatrix is also singular then the rank of A is 1.
18. Suppose A is a nonzero matrix of order 3  4 or 4  3. The rank of A is the maximum of ranks of
all 3  3 submatrices of A.
19. Elementary transformations do not change the rank of a matrix.
20. The rank of a matrix remains unaltered by a finite chain of elementary transformations.
21. The system of equations AX = B is consistant iff the coefficient matrix A and the augmented
matrix K are of the same rank.
22. Let AX = B be a system of equations in n unknowns, such that the rank of the coefficient matrix
A is r1 and the rank of the augmented matrix K is r2.
i) If r1  r2 then the system AX = B is inconsistant. i.e. it has no solution.
ii) If r1 = r2 = n then the system AX = B is consistant and it has unique solution.
iii) If r1 = r2 < n then the system AX = B is consistant and it has infinitely many solutions.
23. The equations a1x + b1y + c1z = 0; a2x+b2y+c2z=0; a3x + b3y + c3z = 0 are called a system of
linear homogeneous equations in x, y, z.
24. x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 is always a solution of the system of linear homogeneous equations.
a1 b1 c1 d1 
25. Let the augmented matrix   of AX = B can be reduced to the form
a2 b2 c2 d2 
a3 b3 c3 d3 
p1 p2 p3 p4 
0 p 
 5 p6 p7  by using elementary operations.
0 0 p8 p9 
1) If p8  0, then AX = B has unique solution.
2) If p8 = 0, p9  0, then AX = B has no solution.
3) If p8 = 0, p9 = 0 and either p5  0 or p6  0 then AX = B has infinitely many solutions.
4) If p8 = 0, p9 = 0, p5 = 0, p6 = 0 and p1  0, then AX = B has no solution.
26. The rank of a unit matrix of order n is n.
27. The rank of a non-singular matrix of order n is n.

7
 3. ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
PREVIOUS EAMCET BITS
3 5 x
1 If one roots of 7 x 7 = 0 is – 10, then the other roots are [EAMCET 2009]
x 5 3
1) 3, 7 2) 4, 7 3) 3, 9 4) 3, 4
Ans: 1
(
Sol: 3(3x − 35) − 5 ( 21− 7x ) + x 35 − x2 )=0
 x3 − 79x + 210 = 0
Verify S1 ; S1 = 0
−10 +  +  = 0
+  = 10
 Roots are 3, 7
2. If x, y, z are all positive and are the pth, qth and rth terms of a geometric progression respectively,
log x p 1
then the value of the determent log y q 1 = [EAMCET 2009]
log z r 1
1) log(xyz) 2) ( p −1 )( p −1 )( r −1) 3) pqr 4) 0
Ans: 4
Sol: Let x = ARp−1, y = ARq−1, Z = ARr−1
Logx = LogA + ( p −1) LogR
Logy = LogA + (q −1) LogR
Logz = LogA + ( r −1) LogR
log A + (p −1)log R p 1
log A + (q −1)log R q 1 = 0
log A + ( r −1)log R r 1

1 −1 x
3. If 1 x 1 has no inverse, then the real value of x is [EAMCET 2009]
x −1 1
1) 2 2) 3 3) 0 4) 1
Ans: 4
Sol: Det A =10 
−2x = 1
  3 6
4. If A = and f ( t ) = t2 − 3t + 7 then f ( A ) +  = [EAMCET 2008]
4 5  −12 −9
   

1
 Matrices
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
1)   2)   3)   4)  
0 1  0 0  1 0  0 0 
Ans: 2
1
Sol: A =
2
−2 1 −2 −7 −12
=
4 5  4 5  24 17 
 6   
 3  
f (A) =   = A − 3A + 7I +  3
2
6
−12 −9 −12 −9
   
−7 −12 1 −2 1 0  3 6  0 0
= 24 17  − 3 4 5  + 7 0 1 + −12 −9 = 
0 0
         
 7 −3 3
5. The inverse of the matrix −1 1 0
 [EAMCET 2008]
 
−1 0 1
1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3
1) 3 4 3 2) 4 3 8 3) 3 3 4
 4) 1 4 3

       
3 3 4  3 4 1 3 4 3 1 3 4
Ans:
Sol: AA−1 = I
 7 −3 3 1 3 3 1 0 0
−1 1 0 1 4 3 = 0 1 0
    
−1 0 1 1 3 4 0 0 1
a −b−c 2a 2a
6. 2b b−c−a 2b = [EAMCET 2008]
2c 2c c−a−b
1) 0 2) a + b + c 3) (a + b + c)2 4) (a + b + c)3
Ans: 4
Sol: Put a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
−1 2 2
2 −1 2 = −1(−3) − 2 (−6) + 2 (6) = 27
2 2 −1

(a + b + c) = (1+1+1) = 27
3 3

1 2 x
7. If 4 −1 7  is a singular matrix, then x =
 [EAMCET 2007]
 
2 4 −6
1) 0 2) 1 3) – 3 4) 3
Ans: 3
Sol: det A = 0

2
 Matrices
1(6 − 28) − 2 (−24 −14) + x (16 + 2) = 0
−22 + 76 +18x = 0
 x = −3
4 0 0
 
8. If A is a square matrix such that A (Adj A) = 0 4 0 then det (Adj A) = [EAMCET 2007]
 
 0 0 4
 
1) 4 2) 16 3) 64 4) 256
Ans: 2
Sol: A(AdjA) = A I

 4 0 0  | A | 0 0 
0 4 0 = 0 |A| 0
   
0 0 4  0 0 | A |
   
|A| = 4
det (AdjA) = (det A)
n−1

= (4)
3−1

= 16
9. The number of nontrivial solutions of the system x − y + z = 0, x + 2 y − z = 0, 2x + y + 3z = 0 is
[EAMCET 2007]
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4)3
Ans: 1
1 −1 1  x 0
Sol: Write given system of equation is matrix form AX = B  1 2 −1  y  = 0
    
2 1 3  z 0
1 −1 1 
Now |A |= 1 2 −1 = 9
 
2 1 3 
Since |A | 0 . So given system of equation is has only trivial solution, so there is no non-trivial
solution.
1 2 2
10. A = 2 1 2 then A3 − 4A2 − 6A is equal to [EAMCET 2006]
2 2 1
1) 0 2) A 3) – A 4) I
Ans: 3
1 2 2 1 2 2 9 8 8
    
Sol: A = 2 1 2 2 1 2 = 8 9 8
2
    
2 2 1 2 2 1 8 8 9

3
 Matrices

9 8 8 1 2 2 41 42 42
     
A A .A = 8 9 8  2 1 2  =  42 41 42
3 2

8 8 9 2 2 1 42 42 41

41 42 42 9 8 8 1 2 2
A − 4A − 6A = 42 41 42  − 4 8 9 8  − 6 2 1 2
3 2     
42 42 41 8 8 9 2 2 1
−1 −2 −2
= −2 −1 −2 = −A
 
−2 −2 −1
loge log e2 log e3
11. log e2 log e3 log e4 = [EAMCET 2006]
3 4 5
log e log e log e
1) 0 2) 1 3) 4 loge 4) 5 loge
Ans: 1
loge 2 log e 3loge 1 2 3
Sol: 2 log e 3log e 4 log e = 2 3 4
3log e 4 log e 5 log e 3 4 5
C2 – C1 and C3 – C2
1 1 1
= 2 1 1 =0
3 1 1
12. If A is an invertible matrix of order n, then the determinant of adjA is equal to [EAMCET 2006]
n+1 n−1 n+ 2
1) A n 2) A 3) A 4) A
Ans: 3
n−1
Sol: Since A is invertiable matrix of order n, then the determinant of adjA = A

13. m−3 4 + n4 −3 = 10 −11  3m + 7n = [EAMCET 2005]

1) 3 2) 5 3) 10 4) 1
Ans: 1
Sol: −3m + 4n = 10 ...................(1)
4m − 3n = −11..................(2)
Solve (1) & (2) we get
m = – 2, n = 1
3m + 7n = −6 + 7 = 1

4
 Matrices
 1 0 2   5 a −2
14. Adj −1 1 −2 = 1 1 0  a b = [EAMCET 2005]
   
 0 2 1  −2 −2 b 
1) [ -4 1] 2) [–4 –1] 3) [4 1] 4) [4 –1]
Ans: 3
1 0 2 5 a −2
Sol: Give that adj−1 1 −2 =  1 1 0
   
 0 2 1  −2 −2 b 
 1 0 2   5 1 −2
Cofactors of −1 1 −2 =  4 1 −2
   
 0 2 1  −2 0 1 
1 0 2 5 4 −2  5 a −2
Adj −1 0 −2 =  1 1 0 =1 1 0
     
 0 2 1  −2 −2 1  −2 −2 b 
 a = 4, b = 1
a b = 4 1
−1 0
15 A=  A3 − A2 = [EAMCET 2005]
0 
 2
1) 2A 2) 2I 3) A 4) I
Ans: 1
−1 0 −1 0 1 0
Sol: A2 =  =
0 2  0 2 0 4
1 0 −1 0 −1 0
A3 =  =
0 4  0 2  0 8
−2 0
A3 − A2 = = 2A
 0 4
 
1 −1 0
16. Match the following elements of 0 4 2 with their cofactors and choose the correct answer
3 −4 6
[EAMCET 2004]
Element Cofactor
I) – 1 a) –2
II) 1 b) 32
III) 3 c) 4
IV) 6 d) 6
e) – 6
1) b, d, a, c 2) b, d, c, a 3) d, b, a, c 4) d, a, b, c

5
 Matrices
Ans: 3
0 2
Sol: Cofactor of −1 = (−1)
1+2
= +6
3 6
4 2
Cofactor of 1 = (−1)
1+1
= 32
−4 6
3+1 −1 0
Cofactor of 3 = (−1 ) = −2
4 2

Cofactor of 6 = (−1) 3+3 1 −1 = 4

0 4
1990 1991 1992
17. det 1991 1992 1993 =

[EAMCET 2004]
 
1992 1993 1994
1) 1992 2) 1993 3) 1994 4) 0
Ans: 4
Sol: C2 − C1 and C3 − C2
1990 1 1
1991 1 1 = 0
1992 1 1
 1 −1 1 
18. The rank of 1 1 −1 is

[EAMCET 2004]
 
−1 1 1 
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
Ans: 4
Sol: det A = 1(1+1) +1(1−1) +1(1+1)
=4
det A  0
 Rank of A = 3
pa qb rc a b c
19. If p + q + r = 0 and qc ra pb = k c a b then k = [EAMCET 2003]
rb pc qa b c a
1) 0 2) abc 3) pqr 4) a + b + c
Ans: 3
Sol: Put p = 1, q = 1, r = – 2, a = 1, b = 1, c = 2
1 1 −4 1 1 2
2 −2 +1 = K 2 1 1
−2 2 1 1 2 1

6
 Matrices
 −8 = K ( 4 )  K = −2
K = pqr
cos (A + B) −sin (A + B) cos 2B
20. If sin A cos A sin B = 0 then B = [EAMCET 2003]
− cos A sin A cos B

1) (2n + 1) 2) n 3) (2n +1)  4)2n
2
Ans: 1
Sol: cos2 ( A + B) + sin2 (A + B) + cos 2B = 0
1+ cos 2B = 0
2 cos2 B = 0

cos B = 0  B = (2n +1) , n  Z
2
21. The number of solutions of the system equations 2x + y − z = 7, x − 3y + 3z = 1, x + 4y − 3z = 5 is
1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0 [EAMCET 2003]
Ans: 3
Sol: Given 2x + y − z = 7 ................. (1)
x − 3y + 2z = 1................ (2)
x + 4y − 3z = 5 ................. (3)
From (1) & (2) we get
5x − y = 15 ..................... (4)
From (1) & (3) we get
5x − y = 16 ...................... (5)
(4) & (5) are parallel
 solution does not exist.
22. If A, B are square matrices of order 3, A is non-singular and AB = 0, then B is a
[EAMCET 2002]
1) Null matrix 2) Non –singular matrix
3) Singular matrix 4) Unit matrix
Ans: 1 and 3
Sol: Given AB = 0
 B = 0 ∵A is non-singular (or)
|AB| = 0
A B = 0  B = 0 ∵A is non-singular A  0
 B is null matrix (or) singular matrix

7
 Matrices
1 0 1
 
23. If A = 2 1 0  then, det A = [EAMCET 2002]
3 2 1
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
Ans: 1
Sol: detA = 1(1− 0) +1 ( 4 − 3)
=2
24. If x + y2 + z2  0, x = cy + bz, y = ax + cx and z = bx + ay, then a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc =
2

[EAMCET 2002]
1) 2 2) a + b + c 3) 1 4) ab + bc + ca
Ans: 3
Sol: Given x − cy − bz = 0
cx − y + az = 0
bx + ay − z = 0
1 −c −b
 c −1 a =0
b a −1

( )
 1 1− a2 + c ( −c − ab) − b ( ac + b) = 0
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1
 2 2 0 −1
( )
−1
25. If A = ,B = , then B−1A−1 = [EAMCET 2001]
−3 2  
  1 0 
1) 2) 3) 4)
(B ) ( ) (B )
−1 −1 −1
Sol: −1
A−1 = A−1 −1
= AB
 2 2 0 −1
=
−3 2 1 0 
  
0 + 2 −2 + 0 2 −2
= =
0 + 2 3 + 0   2 3 
   
26. A square matrix (aij ) in which aij = 0 for i  j and aij = k (constant) for i = j is
[EAMCET 2001]
1) Unit matrix 2) Scalar matrix 3) Null matrix 4) Diagonal matrix
Ans: 2
k 0 0
0 k 0 a = 0 for i  j
ij
Sol:
  a = k for i = j 
 0 0 k  ij 

It is a scalar matrix

8
 Matrices
0 2   0 3a
If A =  , KA = 
3 −4 2b 24
27. , then the values of k, a, b, are respectively [EAMCET 2001]
   
1) −6, −12, −18 2) −6, 4, 9 3) −6, −4, 9 4) −6,12,18
Ans : 3
 0 3a 
Sol: KA =  
2b 24 
 0 2k   0 3a 
3k −4k = 2b 24
   

−4k = 24 2k = 3a 3k = 2b
k = −6 −12 = 3a −18 = 2b
a = −4 b = −9

28. If A and B are two square matrices such that = −A−1BA then ( A 2 + B2 ) = [EAMCET 2000]
1) 0 2) A2 + B2 3) A2 + 2AB + B2 4) A + B
Ans: 2
Sol: Given B = A−1BA
( A + B) = A2 + AB + BA + B2
2

( )
= A2 + A −A−1BA + BA + B2
= A2 − AA−1BA + BA + B2
= A2 − IBA + BA + B2
= A2 − BA + BA + B2
= A2 + B2
1 3
29 If A = , then the determinant A2 – 2A is [EAMCET 2000]
2 1
 
1) 5 2) 25 3) –5 4) –25
1 3 1 3
Sol: A2 =   
2 1  2 1 
7 6
A2 = 
4 7
7 6 2 6  5 0
A2 − 2A =  − =
4 7 6 2 −2 5
A2 − 2A = 25 − 0 = 25
30. If ‘d’ is the determinant of a square matrix A of order n, then the determinant of its adjoint is
1) dn 2) dn−1 3) dn−2 4) d [EAMCET 2000]
Ans: 2
Sol: |A| = d

9
 Matrices

adjA = A n−1
= dn−1
a 2b 2c
31. If a  6 , b, c satisfy 3 b c = 0 , then abc = [EAMCET 2000]
4 a b
1) a + b + c 2) 0 3) b3 4) ab – b –c
Ans:
( )
Sol: a b2 − ac − 2b(3b − 4c) + 2c (3a − 4b) = 0
ab − a c − 6b2 + 8bc + 6ac − 8bc = 0
2 2

ab2 − a2c − 6b2 + 6ac = 0

b2 (a − 6) − ac(a − 6) = 0

(b2 − ac )( a − 6) = 0
b2 − ac = 0 ∵a  6
b2 = ac
b2.b = abc
abc = b3

10