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Present Perfect

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the present perfect tense, including its form, usage, and examples. It outlines how to construct affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, as well as the significance of time words and phrases associated with the tense. Additionally, it explains the difference between 'have gone' and 'have been' and includes a list of verbs for which past participles need to be written.

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Galina Markova
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10 views3 pages

Present Perfect

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the present perfect tense, including its form, usage, and examples. It outlines how to construct affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, as well as the significance of time words and phrases associated with the tense. Additionally, it explains the difference between 'have gone' and 'have been' and includes a list of verbs for which past participles need to be written.

Uploaded by

Galina Markova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENT PERFECT

Form
Form: subject + have/has + past participle

Affirmative
Long Form Short Form
I/you have played/left I/you 've played/left
He/She/It has played/left He/She/It's played/left
We/You/They have played/left We/You/They've played/left
Negative
Long Form Short Form
I/you have not played/left I/you haven’t played/left
He/She/It has not played/left He/She/It hasn’t played/left
We/You/They have not played/left We/You/They haven’t played/left
Interrogative
Have I/you played/left?
Has he/she/it played/left?
Have we/you/they played/left?

Where have you been?

Short Answers
Yes, I/you have. No, I/you haven’t.
Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.
Yes, we/you/they have. No, we/you/they haven’t.

• We form the present perfect with the auxiliary verb have/has and
the past participle of the main verb. He has just passed an exam.
• We form the past participle of regular verbs by adding -ed to the
verb. plant – planted
• We form the past participle of irregular verbs differently. sit – sat (See the
list of irregular verbs.)
• We form questions by putting have/has before the subject. Have you
seen our new car?
• We form negations by putting not after have/has. Kevin hasn’t
arrived yet.
Use

We use the present perfect for:


• actions which started in the past and still continue in the
present. Jon has lived in Manchester since 2008. (He still lives in
Manchester.)
• experiences. He has tried skydiving.
• actions which have recently finished and their results are visible in
the present. He’s tired. He has just finished typing his project.
• actions which happened at an unspecified time in the past. The
exact time is not mentioned because it is not important. She’s
bought a new mobile phone. (When did she buy it? We don’t mention the
exact time because it is not important. What is important is that she’s got a
new mobile phone.)
• with today, this morning/afternoon, etc, when these periods of
time still haven’t finished at the time of speaking. I have taken two
tests this week. (The week isn’t over.)
Time words/phrases used with the present perfect:
• already (normally in affirmative sentences) I’m not hungry.
I’ve already eaten lunch.
• yet (normally in interrogative and negative sentences) Has Tom
arrived yet? The bus hasn’t left yet.
• just (normally in affirmative sentences to show that an action
finished a few moments earlier) She has just finished cleaning the
house.
• ever (normally in affirmative and interrogative sentences) This is
the best film I have ever seen!
• never (negative meaning) Brenda has never travelled abroad.
• for (= over a period of time) James has worked in this company for five
years.
• since (= from a starting point in the past) I haven’t talked to
Jane since Monday.
• recently (normally in affirmative sentences) They
have recently moved to a new house.
• so far (normally in affirmative sentences) She has written five
emails so far.
• this month/week/year I have read three books this month.

have gone (to) – have been (to)


• We use have gone (to) to say that someone went
somewhere and is still there. The girls aren’t home.
They have gone out for lunch.

• We use have been (to) to say that someone went


somewhere, but he/she has come back. Sally and Adam have
been to the supermarket.

Write the past participles of the following verbs.



1 do done 11 swim
2 dance 12 tell
3 think 13 build
4 take 14 send
5 win 15 stop
6 sing 16 write
7 need 17 grow
8 arrive 18 bring
9 break 19 throw
10 try 20 hide

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