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SECOND YEAR HIGHER SECONDAY SECOND TERMINAL EXAMINATION,

MARCH 2025.

ANSWER KEY

1. a) B) one-one but not onto

b) R is one-one but not onto (Every element of B has at least one element in A - 7 of B has no
pre-image.). ∴ 𝑅 is not bijective.
2. a) I

2 6 𝑥+𝑦 0 8 6
b) [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
0 2𝑥 1 2 1 8
2+𝑥+𝑦 6+0 8 6
[ ]=[ ]
0+1 2𝑥 + 2 1 8
6
2𝑥 + 2 = 8 ⟹ 2𝑥 = 8 − 2 = 6 ⟹ 𝑥 = =3
2
2+𝑥+𝑦 = 8⟹ 2+3+𝑦 = 8⟹ 𝑦 =8−5= 3

3. a) A) 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥
b) Put 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⟹ tan−1 𝑥 = 𝜃
√1 + 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 1 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( )
𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 1
= tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 tan ( ) = = tan−1 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2 2 2
4. a) C) 𝑥 3
𝑏) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4
For increasing or decreasing, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 2𝑥 − 4 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 2
Therefore, the intervals may be (−∞, 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2, ∞)
When 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 2): 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑥 = 1, 𝑓 ′ (1) = 2 − 4 = −2 < 0 ↓
When 𝑥 ∈ (2, ∞): 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑥 = 3, 𝑓 ′ (3) = 6 − 4 = 2 > 0 ↑
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 (2, ∞) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 (−∞, 2).

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5. a) lim−(𝑘𝑥 + 1) = lim−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥→𝜋

𝜋𝑘 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 ⟹ 𝜋𝑘 + 1 = −1 ⟹ 𝜋𝑘 = −1 − 1 = −2
2
𝑘=−
𝜋
2 4 𝜋−4
𝑏) 𝑓(2) = − (2) + 1 = − + 1 =
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋

6. a) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
b) put tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑡
1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
1 + 𝑥2
When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑡 = tan−1 0 = 0
𝜋
When 𝑥 = 1, 𝑡 = tan−1 1 = 4
𝜋 𝜋
4 1 𝜋2 𝑡2 4
2
𝜋2
∴ 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [ ] = [ − 0 ] =
0 2 0 2 16 32

𝜋
7. a) C) 4

b) 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂
|𝑎⃗| = √1 + 1 = √2
𝑎⃗⃗
Unit vector perpendicular to 𝑎⃗ = |𝑎⃗⃗|

𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂
=
√2
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
8. a) 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴)

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 0.8 × 0.4 = 0.32

𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0.32
b) 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = = = 0.64
𝑃(𝐵) 0.5

9. a) 3
b) a) 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴, |𝑎 − 𝑎| = 0, 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
∴ 𝑅 is reflexive.
b) Let (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 |𝑎 − 𝑏|𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 ⟹ |𝑏 − 𝑎| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 ⟹ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅
∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐.
c) Let 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝐴.

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Let (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅

⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛, |𝑏 − 𝑐| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
But 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 𝑎 − 𝑐
Hence, |𝑎 − 𝑐| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛.
∴ 𝑅 is an equivalence relation.

3 1 3 −1
10. a) 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐴′ = [ ]
−1 2 1 2
1 1 6 0
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑃 = (𝐴 + 𝐴′ ) = [ ]
2 2 0 4
1 6 0
𝑃′ = [ ] = 𝑃, 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐
2 0 4
1 1 0 2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑄 = (𝐴 − 𝐴′ ) = [ ]
2 2 −2 0
1 0 −2 1 0 2
𝑄′ = [ ]=− [ ] = −𝑄, 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐.
2 2 0 2 −2 0
1 6 0 0 2 1 6 2 3 1
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃 + 𝑄 = 2 ([ ]+[ ]) = 2 [ ]=[ ] = 𝐴, a square matrix.
0 4 −2 0 −2 4 −1 2
Hence, verified.

3 1 3 1 8 5
b) 𝐴2 = 𝐴. 𝐴 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
−1 2 −1 2 −5 3
15 5
5𝐴 = [ ]
−5 10
8 5 15 5 7 0 −7 0 7 0
∴ 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 7𝐼 = [ ]−[ ]+[ ]=[ ]+[ ]=0
−5 3 −5 10 0 7 0 −7 0 7

11.

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (2𝑟)2 ⟹ 𝑦 2 = 4𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 … … … … . (1)
Area, 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥√4𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2

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Let 𝑍 = 𝐴2 = 𝑥 2 (4𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 ) = 4𝑟 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4
𝑑𝑍
= 4𝑟 2 (2𝑥) − 4𝑥 3 = 8𝑟 2 𝑥 − 4𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑍
= 8𝑟 2 − 12𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 2
For maximum area,
𝑑𝑍
= 0 ⟹ 8𝑟 2 𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 = 0 ⟹ 8𝑟 2 = 4𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑥 2 = 2𝑟 2 ⟹ 𝑥 = √2𝑟
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑍
∴ = 8𝑟 2 − 12(2𝑟 2 ) = 8𝑟 2 − 24𝑟 2 = −12𝑟 2 < 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Hence, Area is maximum.

∴ 𝑦 2 = 4𝑟 2 − 2𝑟 2 = 2𝑟 2 ⟹ 𝑦 = √2𝑟 = 𝑥
Hence, the rectangle becomes a square.

12. a) dr’s of required line are 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐

Since the required line is perpendicular to both the lines, we have
𝑎 − 𝑏 − 2𝑐 = 0
3𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 4𝑐 = 0
Solving we have
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= =
4 − 10 −6 + 4 −5 + 3
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= = ⟹ = =
−6 −2 −2 3 1 1
∴ 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
b) Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂

Equation is 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎⃗ + 𝜆𝑏⃗⃗
𝑟⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)

𝑦2 𝑥2 4−𝑥 2
13. = 1− =
9 4 4

9
𝑦 2 = (4 − 𝑥 2 )
4
3
𝑦 = √22 − 𝑥 2
2
2
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0

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2
3 2 3 𝑥 22 𝑥
𝐴 = ∫ √22 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = [ √22 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( )]
2 0 2 2 2 2 0
3 3 𝜋 3
= [0 + 2 sin−1(1) − (0 + 0)] = × 2 × = 𝜋 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2 2 2 2

14. a) (𝑖̂. 𝑖̂) + (𝑗̂. −𝑗̂) + (𝑘̂. 𝑘̂) = 1 + (−1) + 1 = 1

𝑂𝐴 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝐵𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐴
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = 1 × √16 + 4 + 1 = √21 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐵𝐶
Area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 2 |𝐵𝐴 2 2

15. Let 𝐸1 , 𝐸2 , 𝐸3 be the event of getting the boxes.

1
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 𝑃(𝐸3 ) =
3
Let E be the event of getting a gold coin.
2 0 1
𝑃(𝐸/𝐸1 ) = 2 , 𝑃(𝐸/𝐸2 ) = 2 , 𝑃(𝐸/𝐸3 ) = 2

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑃(𝐸1 /𝐸)

𝑃(𝐸1 ) 𝑃(𝐸/𝐸1 )
= 𝑃(𝐸1 ) 𝑃(𝐸/𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸/𝐸2 ) + 𝑃(𝐸3 ) 𝑃(𝐸/𝐸3 )

1 2 2
× 1 1 2
= 3 2 = 2 = = =
1 2 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 3
3×2+3×2+3×2 2+2+2 1+2 2

𝑑𝑦
16. a) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑆

∫ 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = −(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) + 𝐴
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐴, proved.

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𝑑𝑦
b) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2
+ 𝑦=𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2
𝑃= , 𝑄=𝑥
𝑥
1
∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2
𝑥
2
i) 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 2
𝑥4
ii) ∫ 𝑄𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥. 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
4

Solution is 𝑦𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑄𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥4 2
𝑥2 𝑐
𝑦𝑥 = +𝐶 ⟹𝑦 = + 2
4 4 𝑥
17.
𝑑𝑥
𝑎) 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑡 ⟹ =𝑐
𝑑𝑡
𝑐 𝑑𝑦 𝑐
𝑦= ⟹ =− 2
𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑐 1 1
= × =− 2× =− 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑡 𝑐 𝑡
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑡 2 1 2
2
= ( )= (− 2 ) = (− 2 ) × = −1 × − 3 × = 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑡 𝑐 𝑐𝑡
1 1 1
b) i) 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3
1 1−1 1 1−1 𝑑𝑦 2 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑥3 + 𝑦3 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 −3 + 𝑦 −3 =0
3 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
2 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 −3 𝑦3
⟹ 𝑦 −3 = −𝑥 −3 ⟹ =− 2=− 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 −3 𝑥3
iii) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)] = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥

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18. i) Let 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
2 3 3 𝑥 5
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝐴 = [1 −2 1 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [−4]
3 −1 −2 𝑧 3
ii) |𝐴| = 2(4 + 1) − 3(−2 − 3) + 3(−1 + 6) = 10 + 15 + 15 = 40 ≠ 0
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡.
Hence, 𝐴−1 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.

iii) 𝐴11 = 5, 𝐴12 = 5, 𝐴13 = 5

𝐴21 = 3, 𝐴22 = −13, 𝐴23 = 11
𝐴31 = 9, 𝐴32 = 1, 𝐴33 = −7
5 3 9
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [5 −13 1 ]
5 11 −7

−1
1 1 5 3 9
∴𝐴 = . 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [5 −13 1 ]
|𝐴| 40
5 11 −7
1 5 3 9 5 1 25 − 12 + 27 1 40 1
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 = [5 −13 1 ] [−4] = [ 25 + 52 + 3 ] = [ 80 ] = [ 2 ]
40 40 40
5 11 −7 3 25 − 44 − 21 −40 −1
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = −1

19.
𝑥
𝑖. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵
𝐿𝑒𝑡 = + … … … . (1)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 2
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 1)
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = −2
−2 = 𝐵(−2 + 1) ⟹ −𝐵 = −2 ⟹ 𝐵 = 2
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = −1
−1 = 𝐴(−1 + 2) + 0 ⟹ 𝐴 = −1
(1) :
𝐴 𝐵 −1 2
𝐼 = ∫[ + ] 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+1 𝑥+2
(𝑥 + 2)2
= − log|𝑥 + 1| + 2 log|𝑥 + 2| + 𝐶 = log [ ]+𝐶
|𝑥 + 1|

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1
𝑖𝑖) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 13
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥−3
=∫ =∫ = tan−1 ( )+𝐶
𝑥2 2
− 6𝑥 + 3 + 22 2
(𝑥 − 3) + 22 2 2
4
iii) ∫0 |𝑥 − 1|𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1=0⟹𝑥 =1
1 4
𝐼 = ∫ −(𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
0 1
2 1 4
𝑥 𝑥2
= [𝑥 − ] + [ − 𝑥]
2 0 2 1
1 16 1 1 1
= [1 − − 0] + [ − 4 − ( − 1)] = + 8 − 4 − + 1 = 5
2 2 2 2 2

20. 𝑍 = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 15
𝑥 0 10 𝑥 0 5
𝑦 5 0 𝑦 15 0

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𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑍 = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦
𝐴(0,5) 𝑍 = 3(5) + 4(0) = 15
𝐵(4,3) 𝑍 = 3(4) + 4(3) = 24 ← Max
𝐶(5,0) 𝑍 = 3(5) + 4(0) = 15
𝐷(0,0) 𝑍=0

∴ 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑍 = 24 𝑎𝑡 𝐵(4,3)

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