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This document is an introduction to number systems in computing, focusing on binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It covers the conversion processes between these systems and provides examples and exercises for practice. The document also emphasizes the importance of number systems in representing data within computer architecture.

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13 views

module-2-L1-2

This document is an introduction to number systems in computing, focusing on binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It covers the conversion processes between these systems and provides examples and exercises for practice. The document also emphasizes the importance of number systems in representing data within computer architecture.

Uploaded by

errecanicoleapundar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 9

CC 101: Introduction to Computing

MELANIE C. JUANOLA
First Semester

Module 2, Lesson 1 & 2


Number System

Introduction
Good day everyone, last time we discuss about
introduction to computing, that computing is any
goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or
creating computers. You also learned about
information system and its part, data, information,
and knowledge.
In this module, you shall be able to understand
number system like binary, decimal, and
hexadecimal, you shall be able to convert number
from binary to decimal, to octal and hexadecimal.

Learning Outcomes:
1.Identify different number system.
2.Convert between binary to decimal numbers.
3.Convert between binary to octal numbers.
4.Convert between binary to hexadecimal
numbers.

Discussion

Number System

There are several number systems which we


normally use, such as decimal, binary, octal,
hexadecimal, etc. Amongst them we are most
6
familiar with the decimal number system. These
systems are classified according to the values of the
base of the number system. The number system
having the value of the base as 10 is called a
decimal number system, whereas that with a base of
2 is called a binary number system. Likewise, the
number systems having base 8 and 16 are called
octal and hexadecimal number systems
respectively.
 A binary number is a sequence of the digits 0
and 1, such as 1101001
 The leftmost bit in a binary number is called the
high-order or most significant bit (MSB)
 The bit at the extreme right of the number is the
low-order or least significant bit (LSB).
 The base of a number system (also called the
radix) is equal to the number of digits used in the
system.
 The base is written after the number as
subscript, for instance 10001102 (1000110 base
2), 5610 (56 to base 10), 718 (71 to base 8) and
2516 (25 to base 16)
o Binary number System (Base 2)
o Octal number System (Base 8)
o Decimal number System (Base 10)
o Hexadecimal number System (Base 16)
 Byte is a group of 8 bits, and a word is the
largest string of bits that a computer can handle
in one operation.
 The number of bits in a word is called the word
length.

7
 The decimal system uses the ten digits 0 1 2 3
456789
 The octal number system uses eight digits, 0 to
7, and hence has a base of eight. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 Hexadecimal numbers (or hex for short) are
obtained by grouping the bits in a binary number
into sets of four and representing each such set
by a single number or letter.

CONVERSION BETWEEN NUMBER SYSTEMS


It is often required to convert a number in a
particular number system to any other number
system, e.g., it may be required to convert a decimal
number to binary or octal or hexadecimal. The
reverse is also true, i.e., a binary number may be
converted into decimal and so on.

Expanded Notation - the value of any digit in a


number is the product of that digit and the place
value. The value of the entire number is then the
sum of these products.
an Xn-1 + an-1 Xn-2 + an-2 Xn-3 + …. + a2 X1 + a1 X0
Where :
 an is the digit in the nth position (n is the number
of the digits in the number)
 X in any base or radix. The coefficient a n is
termed as the MSD or Most Significant Digit and
a1 is termed as the LSD or the Least Significant
Digit.

8
Converting Binary Numbers to Decimal
To convert a binary number to decimal, simply write
the binary number in expanded notation (omitting
those where the bit is 0), and add the resulting
values.

Example 1

Convert 101102 in __________10


Base or radix
Process 2

= 1* 24 + 0 * 23 + 1 * 22 + 1 * 21 + 0 * 20
= 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0
= 2210
Example 2

Convert 110012 in ________10


Process
= 1 * 24 + 1 * 23 + 0 * 22 + 0 * 21 + 1 * 20
= (1 * 16 )+ (1 * 8) + 0 + 0 + 1
= 16+8+0+0+1
= 2510
Therefore: 110012 is 2510
Example 3
Convert 100010112 in ________10
Process
100010112 = 1×27 + 0×26 + 0×25 + 0×24 + 1×23 +
0×22 + 1×21 + 1×20
= 128 + 8 + 2 + 1
= 13910
10001011= 13910
Example 4
9
1010 = 1 * 23 + 0 * 22 + 1 * 21 + 0 * 20
=8+2
= 1010

Note: Any Number Raised to 0 is equal to 1 Ex. 2 0 =


1

To Do:
Convert the following binary numbers in decimal.
Show Your Process and write it on the worksheet
provided.

a.1110012
b.1101112
c. 100112

Binary-Octal Conversions
To convert from binary to octal, write the bits of the
binary number in groups of three, starting at the
binary point, adding zeros as needed to fill out the
groups. Then write the octal equivalent for each
group.
Octal Binary
0 000
1 001
2 010
3 011
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111

Example 1
100010112 = ___________8
10
100010112 = 010 001 011 = 2138
100010112 = 2138

Example 2
11100112 = ___________8
11100112 = 001 110 011 = 1632
11100112 = 1632

Example 3
11101101102 = ___________8
11101101102 = 001 110 110 110 = 16668

To Do:
Convert the following binary numbers in octal. Show
Your Process and write it on the worksheet
provided.

a.1110011112
b.110111102
c. 100110002

Converting Binary to Hexadecimal

To convert binary to hexadecimal, group the bits into


sets of four starting at the binary point, adding zeros
as needed to fill out the groups and replace each
group with the corresponding hexadecimal digit.

11
Example 1

100010112 = ___________16
100010112 = 1000 1011 = 8B16
100010112 = 8B16

Example 2

1110011010012 = __________16
1110011010012 = 1110 0110 1001 = E6916
1110011010012 = E6916

Example 3

100010111002 = ________16
100010111002 = 0100 0101 1100 = C5416
100010111002 = C5416

To Do:
Convert the following binary numbers in hexa. Show
Your Process and write it on the worksheet
provided.

a.100110011112
b.11001110102
c. 1001100012

Summary
A number system in computer ideology is
regarded as the method or system of numbering and
representing of digits in the computer ‘inner’ system.
12
In other words, it is a technique used in representing
numbers in the computer system architecture. The
digital computer represents all kinds of data and
information in binary numbers. This implies every
value/number that you are saving or feeding
into/fetching from the computer system memory has
a defined number system. The value/data feed
in/fetch from can includes but not limited to: audio,
graphics, video, text file, numbers etc. The total
number of digits used in a number system is called
its base or radix.

Assessment

Convert the following binary number in decimal octal


and Hexadecimal. Show Your Process. (3pts each)
1.1111102 = ___________10, ___________8 ,
___________16
2.11001100112 = ___________10, ___________8 ,
___________16
3.1111011112 = ___________10, ___________8 ,
___________16
4.10001110012 = ___________10, ___________8 ,
___________16
5.111012 = ___________10, ___________8 ,
___________16

Reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
320677641_Number_System
www.cs.bu.edu>slides>CS1...PDFCS101Lecture11:
NumberSystemsandBinaryNumbers
13
https://
www.cl.cam.ac.uk>...PDFComputerFundamentals:N
umberSystemsDr.RobertHarle
https://
byjus.com>...>MathArticleWeresultsNumbersystemp
df-Definition,Typesofnumber...

SET A. 1110111102 = 47810 7368 1DE16

SET B. 1010101112 = 34310 5278 15716

SET C. 1101101112 = 43910 6678 1B716

14

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