Elementary Surveying – Module Exercise

1. A surveyor recorded the following number of paces required to 16. In every measurement, a 100-meter tape is suspended at the
cover a given line: 336, 348, 352, 337, 352, 345. If the pace ends under a pull of 15kg. It is also supported at 30m and 75m
factor is 0.675m/pace, what is the length of line in metes? marks. If the tape is used to measure a 543.25 long line,
determine the total correction due to sag? The tape weighs 5kg.
2. A civil engineer recorded 51, 52, 53, and 54 paces in walking
along a 45-m course to determine his pace factor. He then took 17. It is required to lay out a distance of 687.78m with a 50m tape
320, 323, 322, and 319 paces in walking an unknown distance. that is 0.030m too long. Compute the distance measured with
Compute the distance (m) based on his pace factor. the tape to make the points the proper distance apart.

3. A distance was measured ten times, and the average distance 18. Compute the sea level distance if a line which measures
was found to be 554.215m. If two measurements, 559.125m 324.45m if it was measured in Mount Apo (elevation 2,954m).
and 550.234m, are deleted from the data as being inconsistent
with the other measurement, then the average of the remaining 19. Determine the correct length of a line, 256.32m long, measured
eight measurements is: using a 50m steel tape at 38°C. The steel tape was calibrated
at 20°C.
SITUATION 1. Given the following data in measuring the distance
of a certain line.
20. A 50m steel tape was used to measure a line and the initial pull
Distance No. of Measurements
= 5.5kg. Pull at time of measurement = 8.0kg. Weight of tape =
740.53 4
0.05kg/m. E = 2.1 x 106 kg/cm2. Cross section = 0.04 cm2.
740.59 3
Measured distance between two points = 488.650m in an
740.57 6
inclined surface having a gradient of 3%. Find the correct
740.53 7
4. Determine the most probable value of the measurements. horizontal distance between the two points.
5. Calculate the standard deviation of any single observation.
6. Calculate the standard error of the mean. 21. A rectangular lot was being measured using a 30m metallic
7. Calculate the probable error of any single observation. tape which was 6mm too long. The recorded dimension where
8. Calculate the probable error of the mean. 70.50m long by 37.10m wide. What is the error in area (m2)
9. Calculate the relative error or precision of the mean. introduced due to the enormous length of tape?

SITUATION 2. The following data are observed elevation of a point 22. A 50m steel tape was standardized and supported throughout
by running a line of levels over four different routes. its whole length and found to be 0.00205m longer at an
observed temperature of 31.8°C and a pull of 10 kilos. This
Route Elevation Probable Error
1 521.22m ±0.01 tape was used to measure a line which was found to be
2 520.80m ±0.02 662.702m at an average temperature of 24.6°C using the same
3 521.36m ±0.03 pull. Use coefficient of expansion of α = 0.0000116 /°C.
4 521.32m ±0.06 Compute the correct length.
10. Using the method of least squares, determine the weight of
elevation taken from route 4. 23. A 50m tape weighing 1.075kg has a standard pull of 8kg. The
11. Determine the corresponding relative weight of the elevation tape’s cross-sectional area of modulus of elasticity are 0.05
taken from route 2 if the relative weight if route 4 is set as 1.0. cm2 and 200GPa, respectively. What pull (normal tension) is
12. Determine the most probable value of the elevation if the required in order that the effect if sag will be eliminated when
elevation of the observed point, in meters. the tape is supported at end points only?

13. Four measurements of distance were recorded as 352.45, 24. The observed interior angles if a quadrilateral and their
352.04, 351.89, and 353.12 meters and given weights of 2, 5 corresponding number of observations are as follows:
1, and 8, respectively. Determine the weighted mean. Corner Angle No. of Observation
1 67° 5
14. A distance was measured on an 8% slope and found to be 2 132° 6
2620.30m. What is the horizontal distance measured in m? 3 96° 3
4 68° 4
Determine the corrected angle at corner 3.
15. A 100m tape weighing 5.08kg was used to measure a line. It
was supported at the end points, midpoints and quarter points
25. Two hills A and B, 90km apart, has elevations of 60m and
and the tension applied is 60 Newtons. If the total measured
200m, respectively. What would be the minimum height of
distance is 2345.76m, what is the correct distance of the line?
tower that could be constructed at B so that it would be visible
from A considering the effect of curvature and refraction
correction.

CE Review April 2025 Engr. Jean Lady Ann A. Juarez

26. Two hills B and C have elevations of 590m and 780m Point 1 is on the line PQ and midway between P and Q.
respectively. Hill A which has elevation of 676m is in between Point 2 is on the same line as P and Q but not between them.
B and C. A is located 8km from B and 15km from C. Determine Point P is 30m from P and 230m from Q.
the clearance or obstruction of the line of sight if an observer is
in B so that C will be visible from B. With the wye level at point 1, what is the rod reading at Q for a level
sight?
27. Point B is between points A and C. The distances of A and C
from point B are 1000m and 2000m, respectively. Measured SITUATION 4. Given the following stadia level notes: K=100, C=0
from point B, the angle of elevations of point C is 8°30’, while Sta. Observation Stadia Intercept Vertical Angle
that of point A is Ɵ. The difference in the elevations of A and C A 1.11 +3° on 1.50m
B 1.36 -5° on 1.70m
is 44.4m, with C being lower than A. Considering the effects of
curvature and refraction, compute the value of Ɵ. The instrument was set up at point C (point along line AB) with the
elevation 59m. The height of instrument is 1.5m.
35. Compute the horizontal distance between A and B.
28. To measure a line AB, a theodolite was set up at A and a
36. Compute the elevation of point A.
subtense bar of length 2m was set up at B. The horizontal angle
37. Compute the difference in elevation between A and B.
measured at A for the subtense bar was 4°02’26.4’’. Determine
the length of AB.
38. In 1985, the magnetic bearing of line AB was N16°40’W and
the magnetic declination at that time was 1°15’E. If the
29. The length intercepted on the stadia rod is 2.83m and the line
secular variation per year is 3’E, what would be the magnetic
of sight makes an angle of 4°30’ with the horizontal. Find the
bearing of the line in 1998?
vertical distance, from the center of the instrument to the rod, if
the stadia constant is 0.3m and the stadia interval factor is 100. SITUATION 5. The magnetic bearing of a line was recorded as
N34°00’E on an old survey plan dated August 15,1947. It is
30. The stadia readings with a horizontal sight on a vertical staff required to re-establish this direction on the site in 1997. In 1970
held 50 meters away from a tacheometer were 1.284 and isogonic chart shows a declination 9°W for the area with an annual
1.780. The focal length of object glass is 25cm. The distance change of 1’ eastward. Determine:
between the object glass and trunnion axis of the tacheometer 39. The azimuth of the line.
was 15cm. Calculate the stadia interval factor. 40. Magnetic bearing that must be used to relocate the direction
of the line in the field.
SITUATION 3. Using the following notes,
STATION B.S. F.S. ELEVATION
41. A sight is taken with an engineer’s level at rod held 100m
𝐵𝑀1 2 4.64 209.65
away and an initial reading is 1.83m was observed. The
1 5.80 5.06
bubble is then level through six spaces on level tube and the
2 2.25 5.02
𝐵𝑀1 3 6.02 5.85 rod reading is 1.91m. What is the sensitivity of the bubble
3 8.96 4.34 tube in seconds of arc?
4 8.06 3.22
5 9.45 3.71 42. An engineer’s level uses a level tube with radius of curvature
6 12.32 2.02 of 4m. If during observation, the bubble is off centered
𝐵𝑀1 4 1.98 through 4 spaces, what error on observed vertical distance on
31. What is the elevation of BM14? a station 120m away if one space on the tube is 0.5mm long?
32. Determine the difference in elevation between BM13 and BM14.
43. An airplane is 421km from radar station R at a bearing of
33. A differential levelling was conducted from BM1 to BM2 30km N23°25’W. A second radar station Q is 210km from R at a
apart BM1 is at elevation 124.08m. The backsight distances bearing S57°44’E. Find, to nearest kilometer, the distance
averages 150m in length and the foresight distances averages from Q to the airplane.
100m. The recorded elevation of BM2 was 274.11m. If the level
used is out of adjustment such that when the bubble was 44. The eastings and northings (E, N) of the corners of a closed
centered the line of sight was inclined 0.003m upward in a area are taken, as follows A (0, 0); B (25, -15); C (60, -30); D
distance of 100m. What would be the corrected elevation of (100, 5); E (75, 40); F (40,70); G (10, 15), returning to A. All
BM2? units are in meters. Compute the area in m2.

SITUATION 6. A close traverse has the following data:

34. To make peg adjustment, the following notes were taken.
COURSE BEARING DISTANCE (m)
WYE LEVEL AT 1 WYE LEVEL AT 2
1–2 N9.27°E 58.7m
Rod reading at P 0.0632 1.867 2–3 S88.43°E 27.3m
Rod reading at Q 2.543 3.432 3–4 N86.78°E 35.2m
4–5 S5.2°E 35.0m
5-1 __________ __________

CE Review April 2025 Engr. Jean Lady Ann A. Juarez

 45. Determine the length of course 5 – 1.
46. Determine the bearing of course 5 – 1.

SITUATION 7. Given the latitude and departure of the closed

traverse.
LINE DEPARTURE LATITUDE
1–2 -135.25 -56.56
2–3 -42.18 +98.25
3–1 +176.43 -40.39
47. Determine the relative error or precision.
48. Determine the corrected latitude of line 1 – 2 using transit
rule.
49. Determine the corrected departure of line 2 – 3 using transit
rule.

50. A survey sets up a transit point P, which is the inner portion of

a four-sided tract of land ABCD, and read the bearings and
measures the distances, as follows.
LINE BEARING DISTANCE
PA N40°30’W 420.35m
PB N38°00’E 530.15m
PC S70°00’E 480.75m
PD S60°15’W 695.10m
What is the area of the tract in hectares?

51. Given the latitude and departure of the closed traverse.

LINE DEPARTURE LATITUDE
1–2 -46.39 -113.42
2–3 +103.43 -65.17
3–1 -57.04 +178.59
The DMD of the line 2 – 3 is:

SITUATION 8. A closed traverse has the following data:

LINE DEPARTURE LATITUDE
AB 179.00 N47°E
BC 258.20 S69°E
CD ? S39°W
DE ? S87°W
EA 145.41 N25°W
52. What is the length of line CD?
53. What is the length of line DE?

CE Review April 2025 Engr. Jean Lady Ann A. Juarez

 Route Surveying – Module Exercise

SITUATION 1. The offset distance of the simple curve from the P.T. 20. On a railroad, a +0.8% grade meets a -0.4% grade at station
to the tangent line passing through the P.C. is equal to 100m. The 2+700 and at elevation 30m. The maximum allowable change
simple curve has an angle of intersection of 50°. in grade per station is 0.2%. Determine the length of the
1. Evaluate the length of the long chord. curve.
2. Evaluate the tangent distance.
3. If the stationing of P.I. is 7+421, solve for the stationing of P.T. SITUATION 6. A vertical parabolic curve has a back tangent of -5%
and a forward tangent of +3% intersecting at station 1+240 at an
SITUATION 2. Two tangents of a simple curve have azimuths of elevation of 100.00m. if the stationing of P.C. is at 1+120.
120° and 150° respectively. If the external distance is 12m.
4. Evaluate the radius, in meters. 21. Evaluate the stationing of the lowest point in the curve.
5. Evaluate the middle ordinate, in meters. 22. Evaluate the elevation of the lowest point in the curve.
6. Evaluate the tangent distance, in meters. 23. Evaluate the grade at first quarter point.
24. Evaluate the rate of change of grade of the sag curve per 20m
7. Using arc basis, a 3.2-degree curve with central angle of 18° length.
has an external distance of:
25. A 6% downgrade meets a 35 upgrade at elevation 100m at
8. The angle of intersection of a circular curve is 45°30’ and its station 10 + 000. If the length of the parabolic curve is 160m
radius is 198.17m. if the PC is at STA 0+700, compute the right long, find the stationing of the lowest point in the curve.
angle offset from P at STA 0+736.58 on the curve to tangent SITUATION 7. A -3% grade meets a +5% grade near an underpass.
through PC. In order to maintain the minimum clearance allowed under the
bridge and at the same time introduce a vertical transition curve in
9. The common tangent of a compound curve makes an angle of the grade line, it is necessary to use a curve that lies 200m on one
12° from the tangent passing thru P.C. and is 18° from the side of the vertex of the straight grade and 100m on the other. The
tangent passing thru the P.T. if the radius of the second curve station of the beginning of the curve (200m side) is 10+000 and its
is 180, find the radius of the first curve if the length of the elevation is 228m.
common tangent is 70m. 26. Determine the stationing of the lowest point in the curve.
SITUATION 3. The long chord of a compound curve is equal to 250 27. Determine the elevation at station 10+040.
meters. The PC this curve is at STA 10+000 and the P.C.C. makes 28. If the uphill edge of the underside of the bridge is at station
with the tangent passing through P.C. is equal to 4°. Assuming that 10+220 and at elevation 229.206m, what is the vertical
the common tangent is parallel to the long chord. clearance under the bridge at this point?
10. Evaluate the radius R1.
11. Evaluate the radius R2. 29. An unsymmetrical parabolic curve has a forward tangent of -
12. Evaluate the stationing of the P.I. of the compound curve. 8% and a back tangent of +5%. The length of the curve on the
left side (P.C.) is 60m and the vertex is at elevation of 100m.
SITUATION 4. The centerline of two parallel tracks is connected by The elevation of the road just below the vertex is 97.3.
a reversed curve. The angle of intersection of the first curve is 15° Calculate the total length of the unsymmetrical curve.
and the distance between parallel tracks is 30m. If the radius of the
second curve is 300m.
13. Compute the length of the long chord from the P.C. to P.T.
14. Compute the radius of the first curve.

15. The perpendicular distance between two parallel tangents of a

reversed curve is 8m and the chord distance from the PC to
the PT is equal to 30m. Compute the central angle of the
reverse curve.

SITUATION 5. Two tangents having azimuths of 240° and 282° are

connected by an 80m spiral curve with a 6° circular curve. The width
of the roadway is 10m. If the design velocity is 60kph,
16. Evaluate the external distance, in meters.
17. Evaluate the external length of spiral tangents.
18. Evaluate the difference in lengths between the long and short
tangents.

19. A spiral 80m long connects a tangent with a 6.5° circular

curve. Determine the spiral angle at the first quarter point.

CE Review April 2025 Engr. Jean Lady Ann A. Juarez