Cubes

f
247

~ of Nu mb ers clo se to the Base

e earlier cha pte rs also we hav e dea lt w·t h

th f I tnathematical operations
In .i.:tferent kin ds o num ber s, tho se close t th
o eba se and random
u . For cub es als o we h ave .a different met h d
onabers
our n o bof calculating cubes
~ulllthose numbers close to the base. Wh en ~~~lose to the
c
1M
t,ases, we can use our sut ra

"Yavadiinam"

By the deficiency"
11

n the base. Let us take a few

First we will dea l wit h num ber s mo re tha
examples to und ers tan d this.

Example 1 : 104 3

104 is 4 mo re tha n the base 100

time
104 3 We get our ans wer in. 3 par ts and this
we star t fro m the left.

Step 1: L.H .S.:

Nu mb er plu s twi ce the excess
112 / / (104 is 4 mo re tha n the base 100)
104 + (2 X 4)
= 104 + 8 = 112
Step 2: f th
- Mid dle :
We mu ltip ly the excess of the L.H.S. o _e
. f e
th num ber (112 1S
112 / 48 ; ans we r wit h the excess O
12 mo re tha n the base).
12 X 4 = 48 di 'ts in
2 gt
(100 is the bas e of the num ber so
this par t)
 ,natics for all Ages
VedicMathe
248
R H.S._;_f
the excess of the number
~
-·
I SteJ' 31 Cube 0
-- 4 3 == 64
I (lOO is the base of the number so 2 digits il)
112/ 48 I 64
1001:
I this part)

Answ el..• 104 3 == 1124864

~
1021
3
£xa1!tple 2 : 105
. '
l05 is 5 more than the base 100
We get our answer in 3 parts and we start

I
105 3
from the left. -
Step 2,;

1021
f Step 1: L.H.S.:
Number plus twice the excess
/1 (105 is 5 more than the base 100)
I
11s I I
I 105-+ (2 X 5)
I =105 + 10 = 115
Step 2: Middle: Step3
We multiply the excess of the L.H.S. by the
115 I 75/ excess of the number (115 is 15 more than the 102
base).
15 X 5 = 75

(100 is the base of the numbe r so 2 digits in

this part)
----------
Step 3:
R.H.S.:
115 / 75 / 125 Cube of the excess of the nu
- ---·-- ---·-- 5 3 = 125
115 I 76 / 25 1
(lO0 is the base of the numbe r so 2 digits in
~ part. We write 25 and carnJ over 1 to \_
nuddle part). ,

Now Middle part: 75 + 1 = 76

Answer : 105 3 == 1157625

 Cubes
249
3
~1007
th b
1007 is 7 m or e th an e ase 1000
W e ge t ou r an sw er in 3
parts an d we start
fr om th e left.

L .H .S .:
~ the excess
N um be r pl us twice
the base lOOO)
1021 I I (1007 is 7 m or e th an
1007 + (2 X 7)
= J0 07 + 14 = 1021
M id dl e:
by the
Step 2:
- e m ul ti pl y th e excess of the LHs
W e than
be r (1021 is 21 mor
1021 I 147 / excess of th e nu m
th e base).
21 X 7 = 147
ts in
00 0 is th e ba se of the number so 3 digi
(1
th is pa rt )

R .H .S .:
Step 3: of th e nu m be r
C ub e of th e exc~ss
73 = 343
1021 /1 47/ 343
) th e nu m be r so 3 digits in
(1000 is th e ba.se of
th is part.)
1021147343
A ns w er : 10073 =

Example 4 : 10012 3
t
is 12 m or e th an th e ba se 10000d w e star
10 01 2 • 3 pa rt s an
ge t ou r an sw er m
100123 We
fr om th e left.
1 ss
Step 1: L.H.S. : • th e exthce base 10000)
N um be r pl us tw ic e
or e tb an e
10036 ;· ; (10012 is 12 m
10012 + ( 2 X 12) 6
1003
= 10012 + 24 =
 • i~ thematics for all Ages
Vedic JY1a
2so
Middle--1
We multiply the excess of the LI-IS b
-Step~ excess of the number (10036 is 36 rnor! the
'fill 110W W
us~
---1'--e a f,
t0036 / 0432 / the base) than
36 X 12 =432

(lOOOO is the base of the number so 4 digits.

this part, as we have three we add a zer~ 98 3

before our number)

432 = 0432
I I

Step 3:
R.H.S.: -
Stepl

Cube of the excess of the number 94 /

10036 / 0432 / 1728 12 3 =1728
l
(10000 is the base of the number so 4 digits in
this part)
Ii Step 2:
Answer: 10012 3 = 1003604321728
/J
94/
Example 5 :121 3

L.H.S.:. 121 + 42 =163 •

163 1323 9261 Middle : 63 x 21 =13 23 Step 3:

= 1771561 94
R.H.S. : 21 3 = .8 4 2 1 J

8 4
-------------
•
91 61

Now ntiddle becomes 1323 + 92 =1415 Step 4:

L.H.S.: 163 +14 =177
\. 94
Answer : 121 3 "' 1771561
,
 Cubes
25]

We ha ve di sc us se d cu be s of nu m bers Ill.or th the ha

,!11 ttOW
few ex am pl es w he n ou r
numbers a I e an now let
fJJJ re ess than the b se,.
as tak e a ase
3
~:98
98 is 2 less th an the base 100
W e ge t ou r an sw er in 3
98 3 arts an d this time
als o we sta rt fro m th e left.p

L.H.S. :
Nu m be r pl us twice th e defic1. ent
. lOO)
94 I I (98 1s 2 les s th an th e base
98 + (2 X - 2)
= 98 -4
= 94
M id dl e:
Step 2:
t of the L.H.S. (94 is
W e m ul tip ly th e deficien
the deficient of the
6 les s th an th e base) by
94 I 12 I nu m be r - 6 x - 2 =12

mb er so 2 digits in
(100 is th e ba se of th e nu
this part)

Step 3: R.H.S. :
th e nu mb er
Cu be of th e deficiency of
94 I 12 / 08 ( - 2) 3 '= - 8

mb er so 2 digits in
(100 is th e ba se of th e ~u
th is pa rt.
So w e wr ite - 8 as 08
ga tiv e nu mb er in th_e
S, te pt N ow sin ce w e ha ve a ne
W e ta ke its co mp lem en t to make "d
it
dle
RH S th
• •tiv• e an d su bt ra ct 1 extra fro m e nu
po ~i
mplements.
94 I 12 ;-u s- pa rt fo r co m in g ou t of co
--94 -- -- --
I 11 / 92 co m pl em en t of 08 =92
M id dl e pa rt 12 - 1 =ll

A ns ,v er : 98 3 = 941192
 Vedic Mauit:-rr•-~· - J

2s2

7: 94 3
I . Iess than the base 100
94 J.S 6
We get our answ er m 3 parts and
I •
We start
1 94 3 from the left.
I1
I I
L.H.S. : . th
I Step t Num ber plus twice e d e f.1c1en
.
- (94 is 6 less than the base 100)
t

82 / / 94 + (2 X - 6)
=94-1 2
= 82

Midd le:
Step 2:
We multiply the defic ient o~ the L.H.S. by the s-
deficient of the numb er (82 is 18 less than the
82 / 108 / base)
-18 X - 6 = 108

(100 is the base of the numb er so 2 digits in

this part)

Step 3: R.H.S.:
Cube of the deficiency of the numb er
82 / 108 / 216
(- 6) 3 = - 216 = 216

(100 is the base of the num ber so 2 digits in

this part. So we write -16 and carry over -2
82 / 106 / 16
(negative carry over) to the midd le part.

So midd le part beco mes

108 - 2 (carry)= 106
Step 4:
Now since we have a nega tive numb er in the
82 I 1()6 / 16 R.~-~- we take. its comp leme nt to make it
positive and subtr act 1 extra from the middle
11 83 / 05 / 84 part for coming out of complements.

complement of 16 = 84
Middle: 106 -1 (for com plem ent)= 105
L.H.S. : 82 + 1 = 83 •
 Cubes

253
Fi na lly ,
R.lj.S. : 84
M id dl e: OS
L.H.s.: 83

A ns w er : 94 3 === 830584

3
~:9991
b
9991 is 9 le ss th an th
ein~ e 10000
W e ge t ou r an sw er pa rts an d w e start
9991 3 • fr om th e le ft.

L.H.S. :
Step 1:
- N um be
.
.
r pl us tw ic e th e d ef·1c1ent
th e ba se lOOOo)
9973 I I (9 99 11 s 9 Ie ss th an
9991 + (2 X - 9)
= 9973
M id dl e:
Step 2: ient of the L.H.S. ( _27)
m ul ti pl y th e de fic
We
e nu m be r ( - 9)
by th e de fi ci en t of th
9973 I 0243 I - 27 X - 9 = 0243 in
00 00 is th e ba se of th e nu m be r so 4 digits
(1
th is pa rt .)

Step 3: R.H.S.:
cy of th e number
C ub e of th e deficien

9973 I 0243 / 0729

(- 9) 3 = - 0729 = 0729
th e nu m be r so 4 digits in
(10000 is th e ba se of
. th
this part. a negative num be r m _e
Step 4: N ow si nc e w e ha ve make it
W e ta ke its co m pl em en t toth "ddle
RH S fr om e nu
• • 1 extra
9973 I 0243 / 0729 po si ti ve an d su bt ra ct ts
pa rt fo r co m in g ou t of complemen
9973 0242 9271 ) = 0242
m pl em en t of 0729 = 9271
co
or co m pl em en t
M id dl e 0243 - 1 (f
1
3 -- 99730242927
Ans w er : 9991
 ati cs /or all Ag es
Vedic }Jathetn
254
•
~:833
(1) L.f-1.S. : 83 -34 = 49
(Z) Mi ddl e: -51 X -17 = 867
(3) R.f-1.S. : (-17} 3
=1 7 49 343

49 I IJ7 I
--.i913
14 98
----------·--
(S) Ri
rri
57 I 17 I 87
le
== - 4913 = 4913 (6) 1

complement of 13 == 87
\ t)

Finally
R.H.S. 87
Middle: 867 - 49 (ne gat ive carry) = 818
818 - 1 (for com ple me nts ) = 17 Gi ven 1
8
L.H.S. : 49 + 8 = 57
~
-
An sw er : 83 3 = 571787

=1
Ru les :
=1

(1) Wh en a nun1ber is clo se to a An sw

bas e we fin d its exc ess or deficie
ncy
fro m its nea res t bas e. Ex am
(2) We get our ans we r in three par ts
sta rtin g fro m tl1e left.
-
(3) Left par t is the add itio n of tw
ice tl1e ex ces s/ def ici enc y to -the
I l, num ber itself. = i

I I
(4) Middle par t is the mu ltip lic ati on
of -
_1
'

• The new excess (of the answer of the -

left pa rt fro m the base)
wi th the old excess (of the giv en An si
nu mb er fro m the bas e) vvhen \
the nu mb er is mo re tha n the b I
ase .
Whe
\ ma k
 Cubes
255
e an
fi ci en cy (o f th ' ~wer of h
TI e ne w de e le ft P<irt fro
1 1 en cy (o t ti _t
• base) w it h th e o d de fi ci tn the
1e given m be r from
a h nu
base) w he n th e
nu 1n be r is le ss th , n t e b,1se. the
h
rt is th e cu be of th e ex ce ss ( w en lhe g·
• 1 t pa !Ven number ..
(5) Rig 1 o f th e d ef . 1s
O R cu b e 1ciency (wh en the number is
·e th an th e ba se )
Jl'lOI
Jess t11 an th e ba se
.
in es th
e ba se o f th e g iv en n u m b er de te rm .
e nu.rnber of cli gi·ts in
Th
an y ze ro s .
(6) the m id dl e an d R .H .S . A s m . in t11e base , th ose :manY
p ar ts .
digits 1•n thes,e tw o

•h
o re ex am p le s so lv in g sums m· str a1. g t steps:
G• en below ar e a fe w m
1v

£xamp1e 10 : 113
3
Example 11 : 132 3

x 3 9 )/ 13 3 x 64) / 32 3
= (113 + 2 6 )/ (13 = (132 + 6 4 )/ (23
= 139 / s 07 / 21
97 = 19 6 / 3o72 / 32?68
=1442897 = 2296991

Answer: 1442897 A n sw er : 2296991

Example 13 : 99992
3
Example 12 : 823
(-8)3
= (82-36) / (-54 x -1
8) / (-18) 3 = (99992-16)/ (-8 X -24)/
sm- = 99976 / 00192 I
oos12
= 4 6 / 972/
= 99976 / 00191 I 99
488

=55 I 14 /32 =999760019199488

=551368
9199488
Ans,ver : 551368 A n sw er : 99976001

Vedic method
fi.nd that the
m e th o d s w e
When We compare b o th th e
lllakes our calcula
tions v e ry short.
 . fi r all Ages
Vedic Mathematics o
256

Vedic me tho d
393 27 81 243 729
Usual met hod
39 162 486
x39
59 323 801 729

351
1170 59319

1521 If the num ber is 106 the usu al method

x39 is the sam e, but Ved ic is mu ch simpler
l06 3 =106 + 12 / 18 X 6 / 63
13689 =119 / ·110 / 216 (1) A
45630 =1191016 (2) A
59319
(3) Tl
(4) If
Exercise 14 • 2 : (5) U
e·
Find the cubes of numbers close to their bas (6) lj
es :-
(6) 9998 3 (7) Ii
(1) 105 3 -
C
(2) 1002 3 (7) 10002 3

(3) 107 3 (8) 99993 3 No wl{

(4) 99 3 (9) 996 3
(5) 97 3 (10) 100007 3
®-

Answers
Exercise 14 .1
(1) 10648 (2) 29791 (3) 42875 (4) 19683
(5) 68921 (6) 132651 (7) 238328 (8) 157464
9 373248 10 50653

Exercise 14 .2
(1) 1157625 (2) 1006012008 (3) 1225043 (4) 970299
(5) 912673 (6) 99940019992 (7) 1000600120008
8 999790014699657 9 988047936 10 1000210014700343