© 2023 JETIR May 2023, Volume 10, Issue 5 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

AUTOMATED SMART HEALTH SCHEDULER

USING DESIGN THINKING
A. Karthikeyan 1, Mohamed Thariq P 2, Ram Balaji S 3,
Santhosh S 4, Thameemum Ansari A 5
01
UG Scholar, B. E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
01
SNS College of Technology

1. INTRODUCTION:-
ABSTRACT:- Healthcare appointment scheduling
can be a challenging and time-consuming task for patients and 1.1. DOMAIN OVERVIEW
healthcare providers. The Automated Smart Health Scheduler
is an intelligent appointment scheduling system designed to In recent years, the healthcare industry has
address these challenges. The proposed system utilizes experienced tremendous growth due to the increased
machine learning prediction modal and optimization demand for healthcare services. With the increasing demand
techniques to provide patients with personalized appointment for healthcare services, healthcare providers are finding it
scheduling and to optimize healthcare provider schedules. The challenging to manage appointments efficiently. Patients
system uses the medical data from health monitoring system often experience long waiting times and delays in getting
that is incorporated in the patient’s home, and availability to appointments, which can negatively affect their health
schedule appointments with the most appropriate healthcare outcomes.
provider. The system also considers the availability of the
healthcare providers and their specialties to ensure that
patients are matched with the best provider for their needs. To address this challenge, the use of technology has
The Smart Health Scheduler also optimizes healthcare become increasingly prevalent in the healthcare industry.
provider schedules by identifying scheduling conflicts and The design and development of an automatic doctor
suggesting alternative appointment times. This helps to reduce appointment booking system using machine learning
wait times for patients and increase the efficiency of algorithms is an innovative solution to improve the efficiency
healthcare providers. The proposed system has the potential to of the healthcare system. The proposed system aims to
improve healthcare appointment scheduling by reducing wait provide a personalized approach to healthcare appointment
times for patients and increasing the productivity of scheduling and optimize healthcare provider schedules.
healthcare providers.
The Smart Health Scheduler is an automated system
Keywords: Machine Learning prediction modal, Time- designed to streamline the process of booking doctor
Consuming, medical data, health monitoring system, reduce appointments. With the help of artificial intelligence and
wait time. advanced scheduling algorithms, this system aims to
optimize the scheduling process, reduce wait times, and
improve patient satisfaction.

The proposed system utilizes machine learning algorithms to

predict the optimal appointment time slots for each patient
based on their medical history and the availability of doctors.

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This approach ensures that patients are matched with the 1.2. APPOINTMENT BOOKING SYSTEM
most appropriate healthcare provider and that the
appointments are scheduled at a time that is convenient for
the patient. An appointment booking system is a digital tool that
enables individuals or organizations to schedule
The Smart Health Scheduler aims to solve these appointments with clients or customers in an efficient and
problems by automating the scheduling process and freeing organized manner. The system can be used for a wide range
up staff time for other tasks. By gathering data on of purposes, from healthcare services to salon appointments
appointment scheduling patterns and integrating with to business meetings.
electronic medical records (EMRs), this system can provide a
seamless and efficient healthcare experience for patients and Traditionally, appointments have been scheduled
healthcare providers alike. through phone calls or in-person visits, which can be time-
consuming and often result in scheduling conflicts or missed
The machine learning algorithms used in the appointments. The advent of digital technologies has enabled
proposed system include decision trees, random forests, and businesses and service providers to streamline their
support vector machines. These algorithms have been appointment booking processes and improve their overall
proven to be effective in predicting the best possible efficiency.
outcomes in various domains, including healthcare. Decision
trees are used to predict the appointment slot that is most Appointment booking systems typically allow
likely to be preferred by the patient based on their medical customers to book appointments online, through a mobile
history. Random forests are used to generate a list of app, or by phone. The system provides real-time availability
probable appointment slots for the patient. Finally, support information, allowing customers to choose an available time
vector machines are used to select the best appointment slot slot that is convenient for them. Once the appointment is
based on the availability of doctors. booked, the system sends a confirmation to the customer
and the service provider, reducing the likelihood of missed
The proposed system also includes features such as appointments or scheduling conflicts.
appointment rescheduling and reminders. Patients can
reschedule their appointments based on their changing In addition to improving efficiency and reducing
schedules, and the system will automatically adjust the scheduling conflicts, appointment booking systems can also
appointment slots. The system also sends reminders to provide a better customer experience. Customers appreciate
patients before their appointments to reduce the likelihood the convenience of being able to book appointments online
of missed appointments. or through a mobile app, and the ability to see real-time
availability information can help them make more informed
In traditional healthcare settings, scheduling decisions.
appointments can often be a time-consuming and error-
prone process. Patients may have to wait on hold for
extended periods or navigate confusing online booking Appointment booking systems can also provide
systems. These inefficiencies can lead to frustration for valuable data and analytics for businesses and service
patients and staff, as well as lost productivity and revenue providers. The system can track appointment history,
for healthcare providers. customer preferences, and other relevant data, allowing
businesses to improve their services and better understand
The Smart Health Scheduler is an intelligent their customers' needs.
appointment scheduling system that is designed to optimize
healthcare provider schedules. The system identifies Overall, appointment booking systems have become
scheduling conflicts and suggests alternative appointment an essential tool for businesses and service providers
times, reducing wait times for patients and increasing the looking to improve their efficiency, reduce scheduling
productivity of healthcare providers. conflicts, and provide a better customer experience. With the
continued advancement of digital technologies, it is likely
The proposed system has the potential to that appointment booking systems will become even more
revolutionize the healthcare industry by providing a sophisticated and valuable in the years to come.
personalized approach to healthcare appointment
scheduling and optimizing healthcare provider schedules. 2. EXISTING TECHNIQUE: -
The integration of machine learning algorithms has the
potential to increase the efficiency of the healthcare system The existing technique is of two: Online Medical
and improve patient outcomes. The proposed system is an Appointment Manager and Doctor Appointment Booking
innovative solution that could help to improve the quality of App.
healthcare services and reduce the burden on healthcare
providers. An online medical appointment manager is a web-
based platform that allows healthcare providers to manage
appointments and schedules electronically. These systems
can be customized to fit the specific needs of the practice,
and typically include features such as appointment
scheduling, automated reminders and notifications, patient
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data management, and reporting. From the patient computing and has opened up new possibilities for
perspective, an online medical appointment manager can innovation and creativity.
offer several advantages. Patients can schedule
appointments at any time, from anywhere, as long as they
have internet access. This eliminates the need for patients to
call the office during business hours or wait on hold to speak
with a receptionist. Additionally, online medical
appointment managers can reduce the risk of double-
booking or overbooking, as patients can only select available
appointment times.

A doctor appointment booking app is a mobile

application that allows patients to schedule appointments
with healthcare providers using their smartphone or tablet.
These apps can be downloaded for free from the app store or
downloaded directly from the provider's website. Doctor
appointment booking apps typically offer features such as
appointment scheduling, provider profiles, reviews and
ratings, and appointment reminders. Some apps may also Fig.1 Raspberry Pi
include telemedicine features, allowing patients to have
virtual appointments with providers.
3.2. TFT Display
3. SYSTEM HARDWARE:-
A TFT (Thin Film Transistor) display is a type of LCD
(Liquid Crystal Display) that uses thin-film transistor
3.1. RASPBERRY PI
technology to improve image quality and increase the
response time of the display. TFT displays are commonly
Raspberry Pi is a small, credit card-sized computer used in a variety of electronic devices, including
that was first developed in the United Kingdom by the smartphones, tablets, laptops, and TVs.
Raspberry Pi Foundation in 2012. It is a low-cost, high-
performance computer that is designed to promote the
TFT displays work by using a matrix of thin-film
teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing
transistors (TFTs) to control the flow of electric current
countries. Since its release, Raspberry Pi has become a
through the display. Each pixel on the display is controlled
popular choice for hobbyists, educators, and developers who
by a single TFT, which allows for precise control of the
want to create innovative projects.
pixel's brightness and color. This results in high image
quality and fast response times, making TFT displays
Raspberry Pi is built on a Broadcom system on a suitable for displaying fast-moving video and other dynamic
chip (SoC) that includes a processor, memory, and other content.
components necessary for computing. It has a wide range of
inputs and outputs that allow it to interact with the physical
TFT displays are available in a range of sizes and resolutions,
world, including GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins,
and can be used in both monochrome and color
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) ports, USB
configurations. They are also available in different
(Universal Serial Bus) ports, and Ethernet ports. It also has
orientations, including portrait and landscape. TFT displays
built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, making it easy to
can be connected to a microcontroller, such as an Arduino,
connect to other devices and networks.
using a variety of interfaces, including SPI (Serial Peripheral
Interface), I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), and parallel.
One of the key features of Raspberry Pi is its
flexibility. It can run a variety of operating systems, including
Linux, Windows 10 IoT, and even Android. It also supports a
range of programming languages, including Python, C++, and
Java, making it easy for developers to create applications and
projects.

Raspberry Pi has a wide range of applications, from

creating DIY home automation systems to building robots
and drones. It is also used in education and research, as well
as in industrial and commercial settings. Its low cost and
versatility make it a popular choice for anyone looking to
experiment with technology or create new and innovative
projects.
Fig.2 TFT Display for Raspberry Pi
Overall, Raspberry Pi is a powerful, flexible, and
affordable computer that has revolutionized the world of
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4. SYSTEM SOFTWARE:- community support make it a reliable option for developers
looking to build content-driven applications. With its ease of
4.1. REACT JS use, flexibility, and powerful features, Strapi is a valuable
tool for developers building modern web applications.
ReactJS is a popular JavaScript library for building
user interfaces. It was developed by Facebook and is now 4.3. PYTHON
widely used by developers around the world. ReactJS allows
developers to create complex UI components and reusable Python is a high-level, object-oriented, general-
code, making it an ideal choice for developing large and purpose, interactive, and interpreted programming language.
complex web applications. Between 1985 and 1990, Guido van Rossum designed it.
Python source code is also accessible under the General
At its core, ReactJS is all about creating and Public license, just like Perl.
manipulating components. A component is a self-contained
unit of UI, which can be combined with other components to Python is a powerful, interactive, object-oriented,
create larger, more complex UIs. Each component can be and interpreted scripting language. Python has been created
thought of as a function that takes in data (known as to be very readable. It has fewer syntactic structures than
"props") and returns a description of what the UI should look other languages and typically employs English keywords
like (known as "rendering"). rather than punctuation.

ReactJS uses a technique called "virtual DOM" to Python is an absolute must for students and working
efficiently update the UI in response to changes in data. professionals who want to excel as software engineers,
When a component's state or props change, ReactJS creates a especially if they work in the web development field.
new virtual DOM tree and compares it to the previous one to
determine what has changed. Only the parts of the UI that Python is Interpreted - The interpreter processes
need to be updated are changed in the actual DOM, making Python at runtime. Python software does not need to be
ReactJS very efficient. compiled before running. This is comparable to PHP and
PERL.
ReactJS is also very flexible, and can be used in a
variety of ways. It can be used on its own to build complex Python is Interactive — To write programs, Python
UIs, or it can be combined with other libraries and can actually sit at a Python prompt and communicate with
frameworks to create full-stack web applications. ReactJS is the interpreter directly.
often used together with Redux, a popular state management
library, to manage the state of an application in a predictable Python supports the Object-Oriented style or
way. technique of programming, which encapsulates code within
objects.
4.2. STRAPI CMS
Python is a wonderful language for beginning
Strapi is a headless CMS (Content Management programmers since it facilitates the creation of a wide
System) that allows developers to build and manage API- variety of programs, from simple text processing to web
driven digital content. Strapi is an open-source platform that browsers to games.
supports multiple databases, including MongoDB,
PostgreSQL, SQLite, and MySQL. It is built on top of Node.js Python third-party modules can be found in their
and offers a user-friendly interface that enables developers hundreds on the Python Package Index (PyPI). There are
to easily create and manage content. countless options with Python thanks to both the standard
library and the community-contributed modules.
Strapi has a plugin-based architecture that allows
developers to easily extend its functionality. It provides a Python's most fundamental application is as a
RESTful API out of the box, making it easy to integrate with language for automation and scripting.
any front-end framework. Strapi also has a powerful admin
panel that allows users to manage content, configure
Python is used for system provisioning and
settings, and view analytics.
configuration in tools like Ansible and Salt, as well as to
automate interactions with web browsers and application
One of the key advantages of Strapi is its flexibility. GUIs. It is not merely used to replace shell scripts and batch
It allows developers to create custom content types, define files.
relationships between them, and build custom API
endpoints. Strapi also supports role-based access control,
It can be created by both command-line and cross-
which enables developers to manage user permissions and
platform GUI applications with Python and deployed as self-
access to specific content types.
contained executables. Python doesn’t have the native ability
to generate a standalone binary from a script, but third-party
Strapi is a popular choice for building scalable, API- packages like cx_Freeze and PyInstaller can be used to
driven applications. Its open-source nature and strong accomplish that
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Python is a general-purpose programming language
that may be used to build cross-platform Graphical User
Interface (GUI) programmers as well as command-line
applications. Although it is not native to Python, third-party
tools like cx_Freeze and PyInstaller can be used to create
standalone binary files from scripts.

4. WORKING OF PROPOSED METHOD:-

The Automated Smart Health Scheduler system Fig.4 React Development Server
works by using a database of healthcare providers,
appointment schedules. The system uses machine learning
algorithms and artificial intelligence techniques to predict
the problems of the users and provide help for them
accordingly. The proposed system works on the basis of a
triggering function. A mini-device will be available at the
user end. When the user needs help i.e., he/she wants to
book an appointment to the doctor for medical attention,
they will use the device to trigger the process. When the
device is triggered, it takes inputs such as name, age, Fig.5 Strapi (for heath monitoring system database where
location, etc. and the health data of the users from an existing the health data will be collected)
health monitoring system. The health data input is then
given into a prediction modal algorithm which is developed
using machine learning for processing. The prediction modal
gathers the current data and process it and then predict the
problem of the user by using a set of historical data. The
prediction modal is based on logistic regression which uses
categorical data. Once the prediction is done, based on the
predicted problem, a document in the form of a report will
be generated. The report will be send to the nearest hospital Fig.6 Health data of the user
server and the medical team in the hospital will attend the
request and the respond to it. Accordingly, the reply with
information such as appointment time, slot etc. will be sent
to the user as message or email. In case of emergency need,
the prediction modal will also predict the emergency
situation and it will send an alert along with the report.

5. RESULT:-
Fig.7 Predicted Result (uploaded to the hospital’s database)
The predicted results by the modal using the patient’s
health data are displayed in the TFT Display.

Fig.8 Logistic Regression Modal

Fig.3 Booking UI (Just for display instead of the triggering

device)

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4. Research Clue. (2018). design and implementation of
appointment management system (a case study of unithech
hospital). Available at:
https://nairaproject.com/projects/3193.html. [Accessed:
2023-4-4].

5. Ms.Sanjeevani P.Avhale, Ms.Wrushali R. Ajabe, Ms pallavi

A. Chinchole, Ms Puja T. Changade Prof. N.K.Bhil. Doctor
Appointment Online Booking System. 2018, International
Fig.9 Predicted result with accuracy of the modal Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, IJCRT.

6. Suresh Chimkode, 2Shivsai sorale, 3Arati B,4Girija

6. CONCLUSION:- D,5Sagar JD. J-Health Platform - A Doctor Appointment
Application System, 2022, International Journal of Research
The Automatic Doctor Appointment Booking System is Publication and Reviews. ISSN 2582-7421
an innovative solution that uses Raspberry Pi to automate 7. Gheorghiu et al. (2019). Predictive analytics for resource
the appointment booking process. The system is designed to allocation in healthcare: A systematic literature review.
be efficient, accurate, and user-friendly, providing patients Health Policy and Technology, 8(2), 107-120.
with a convenient way to book appointments with doctors.
With this system, doctors can manage their appointments 8. Jha et al. (2018). Predictive analytics in healthcare: A
more efficiently, and patients can book appointments review. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2018, 1-14.
without having to physically visit the doctor's office. Overall,
the Automatic Doctor Appointment Booking System has the 9. Yang et al. (2021). Machine learning in healthcare: A
potential to transform the way we book appointments with systematic review. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 113,
doctors, making the process more efficient and convenient 102048.
for everyone involved.
10. Ghassemi et al. (2018). Opportunities in machine
learning for healthcare. IEEE Transactions on Pattern
7. Future Work:- Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 40(1), 233-246.

In future, as health care technologies rises the modal

can be used to predict various need of the user so that the
user gets benefit. For E.g. If the health care system manages
to get the psychological data of the user like mental stress,
happiness, sad, etc. the modal can be used to predict that and
can give therapy needs for the users. In future, the modal can
also be used to give medication according to the need of the
user. Also, it can be automated to use as for monitoring and
predicting the need of patients in hospitals. As health
monitoring system only monitors a patient and displays the
output, this modal can predict their need in case of
emergency and alerts the doctor. This modal can also be
implemented to give medication for them.

8. REFERENCES:-

1. A. M. Noma, K. Ibrahim Musa, H. Mamman, A. D. Mato, A.

Abdulwadud Yusuf and M. A. Sambo, "Design of Intelligent
and Secure Hospital Appointment Scheduling System," 2022
IEEE Nigeria 4th International Conference on Disruptive
Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON),
Lagos, Nigeria, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/NIGERCON54645.2022.9803093.

2. John Lekan, Akinode. (2017). Design and Implementation

of a Patient Appointment and Scheduling System. 4. 16-23.
10.17148/IARJSET.2017.41203.

3. International Journal of Computer Science and

Information Security IJCSIS, J. (2019). Design and
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