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Lecture 11 - Boundary Condition and Viscous Flow

The document discusses the application of the Navier-Stokes equation in analyzing simple viscous flow, emphasizing the importance of initial and boundary conditions. It covers various cases of viscous flow, including one-dimensional flow, Plane Poiseuille-Couette flow, and Circular Poiseuille flow, along with relevant equations and solutions. Additionally, it addresses major head loss in pipe flow using the Darcy-Weisbach equation and the Moody chart for friction factors.

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20 views27 pages

Lecture 11 - Boundary Condition and Viscous Flow

The document discusses the application of the Navier-Stokes equation in analyzing simple viscous flow, emphasizing the importance of initial and boundary conditions. It covers various cases of viscous flow, including one-dimensional flow, Plane Poiseuille-Couette flow, and Circular Poiseuille flow, along with relevant equations and solutions. Additionally, it addresses major head loss in pipe flow using the Darcy-Weisbach equation and the Moody chart for friction factors.

Uploaded by

6kb4nm24vj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

MECH 3408

Mechanics of Fluids

—— Boundary Condition and Simple Viscous


Flow

Dr. Jiawei Zhou


Email: jwzhou@hku.hk
Review: Navier-Stokes Equation

2
Application of Navier-Stokes Equation
 Simple Viscous Flow

In order to calculate velocity (u, v, w) and pressure (p) via the basic governing
equations, we need to know initial and boundary conditions. (CFD models)

3
Daily Life Examples

4
Boundary Conditions

Air

Oil
Interface
Water

Boundary

5
Boundary Conditions
 Initial conditions: If the problem is time dependent (i.e., unsteady), an
initial condition needs to be specified.
 Boundary conditions: (fluid-solid)
(1)

6
Boundary Conditions
 Boundary conditions: (fluid-fluid)
(2)

7
Boundary Conditions
 Boundary conditions: (air-water)
(3)

8
Boundary Conditions
 Boundary conditions:

(4)

9
One-Dimensional Viscous Flow
Oftentimes, the flow we are interested in studying has following
criteria or can be approximated as

• Far from inlet/outlet or local changes (fully developed, steady


state)
• Channel with uniform cross section

Continuity equation
10
Cylindrical Couette Flow

11
Examples

Flow in pipe / between plates

Flow with free surface

12
Case 1: Plane Poiseuille-Couette Flow

Navier-Stokes equation (Cartesian coordinate):

13
Case 1: Plane Poiseuille-Couette Flow

14
Case 1: Plane Poiseuille-Couette Flow
• Solution:

Caused by axial pressure gradient or Caused by the motion of a boundary


gravity in the direction of flow wall moving in its own plane

15
Case 1: Plane Poiseuille-Couette Flow
• Flow rate (per unit width of channel)

• Average velocity?
• Pressure drop along the channel?
• Shear stress

16
Case 2: Circular Poiseuille Flow

uz(r)
z

Navier-Stokes equation (Cylindrical coordinate):

17
Case 2: Circular Poiseuille Flow

18
Case 2: Circular Poiseuille Flow
• Solution:

• Flow rate:

• Mean / maximum velocity:

• Shear stress at wall:

19
Recall: Bernoulli Equation Along a Pipeline
Energy equation between Point 1 and Point 2 along a pipeline

Pressure head
: specific weight

Major head loss due to friction


valves, bends, tees, etc.
20
Major Head Loss in Pipe Flow
 Darcy-Weisbach equation: Friction factor f
 Different for laminar or turbulent flows.
 Pipe friction is due to viscous effects
when fluid molecules move against pipe
walls (possibly rough).
Therefore,
hL: major head loss in pipe flow due to Re: related to viscous effects
/D: dimensionless roughness factor
friction,
: roughness length of pipes
f : friction factor, depending on pipe materials, age, etc.
l : pipe length,
D : pipe diameter for round pipes, or
hydraulic diameter for noncircular pipes,
 Circular Poiseuille Flow:
V : velocity,
g : acceleration due to gravity.

21
Moody Chart
(1) (2)
(3)
Zone 4

f
Zone 1

Zone 3

Zone
2 (3)

(1) (2)
Zone 1 at left hand side of Line (1) Laminar flow: f depends on Re only
Zone 4 at right hand side of Line (3) Fully developed turbulent flow: f depends on 𝜀/𝐷 only
Zone 3 between Line (2) and Line (3) Transitional turbulent flow: f depends on both Re and 𝜀/𝐷
22
Zone 2 between Line (1) and Line (2) Laminar-turbulent transition zone: Unknown (hard to reach this zone)
Case 3: Flow with Free Surface
Question:

23
Case 3

Solution:

24
Case 3
Solution (continue):

25
Photoresist coating

26
Summary
• Examples and solutions for viscous flow

Q&A?

27

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