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Definition of Terms

Accuracy of information

Refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data.

Archives

Are places where records of all types and formats are kept and made accessible
for research and other purposes.

Authority of the source

Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are considered as
having sound authority on the subject.

Database

These are systematically organized collections of information covering different

subject matters or specializing in one given subject or topic.

Indigenous

Native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular region.

Indigenous knowledge

Knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society; most often it is not

written down.

Indigenous communication

It is a means by which culture is preserved, handed down, and adapted.

Indigenous media and information

This also refers to content about indigenous peoples that may be distributed
through dominant forms of media or through forms of communication unique to
their people group.

Internet

A global system of network computers that allow user-to-user communication

and transfer of data files from one computer to another on the network .

Library

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Is a place set apart to contain books, periodicals, and other material for reading,
viewing, listening, study of reference, set of rooms, or building where books may
be read or borrowed.
Periodicals

Are publications such as journals, newspapers, or magazines published on a

regular basis - daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, yearly,
etc.

Reliability of information

Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated.

Timeliness

Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was
produced or acquired.

Value of information

Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving

decisions.

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 Media and Information
Sources
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the
globe. The connection between technological advances and people’s
connectivity created a huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This
module covers all the above-mentioned concepts.

Becoming an Information Literate individual includes understanding the different

media types. There are three types of media, Print, Broadcast and New or Digital
media.
Examples of Types of Media:
PRINT BROADCAST NEW MEDIA
Books Television Social Media
Magazines Radio YouTube
Newspapers Film Cellphone
Brochures TV Series Iwant app

To contrast indigenous media to other common sources of information, let’s take

a look to the next activity.

INFORMATION SOURCES

Traditional knowledge are reflection of one’s culture. These information serve as

a foundation of communication and survival among our ancestors way back then.
Hence, the term Indigenous was associated. Indigenous refers to native; local;
originating or produced naturally in a particular region. Knowledge that is unique
to a given culture or society refers to Indigenous knowledge (IK). IK contrasts
with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research
institutions and private firms. (Warren 1991). Indigenous communication
refers to transmission of information through local channels or forms. It is a
means by which culture is preserved, handed down, and adapted. Indigenous
media and information refer to the original information created by a local group
of people. This also refers to content about indigenous peoples that may be
distributed through dominant forms of media or through forms of communication

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unique to their people group. The following are the importance of indigenous
media and information.
• Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near
the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
• Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development
because of its direct access to local channels.

IK has its own characteristics making it easy to distinguish among other sources
such as: oral tradition of communication, store information in memories,
information exchange is face-to-face, and information are contain within the
border of the community

In addition, other sources of information such as library and internet are also
widely known. Library is a place set apart to contain books, periodicals, and
other material for reading, viewing, listening, study of reference, set of rooms, or
building where books may be read or borrowed. As to its characteristics, libraries
are known their reliability, accuracy and value - Libraries of published books are
often considered highly reliable, accurate, and valuable. Books and documents
from dominant sources are often peer reviewed. ISSN or ISBN registration
ensures that standards were followed in producing these materials.
Library is divided into different sections with their own functions. Periodical,
Archive, Reference, Circulation, Filipiniana, Internet section, etc. are some of the
sections in the library.

Kalinga State University published an article titled “Library Sections” that

discusses the following.

Library Sections A. Circulation Section

This section houses and circulates the major library collection covering the
different areas of discipline. This section adopts the “open shelf” system, where
users can go directly to the shelf and choose the books they would like to browse
or use. All books in this section may be borrowed for overnight use.

B. Filipiniana Section
The Filipiniana Collection consists of publications about the Philippines, in all its
aspects—cultural, political, social, religious, economic, and others regardless of
author and imprints. The collection covers a range of reading materials designed
to meet the instructional and research needs of library users.

C. Reserve Section
This section houses books, which are in demand and limited in copies. Also, in
process books and newly acquired books. It adopts the “close shelf system”.
Users are not allowed to enter this section; they seek the assistance of the
library staff or library assistants. Books in this section are for room use only and
may be borrowed for one hour; a borrower may extend its use provided there is

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no prior request for the book. If not returned on time, the borrower will be fined
one (1) peso per hour.

D. Reference Section
This section houses a collection of extensive general reference materials, which
are intended to be consulted for a particular question or query, rather than read
thoroughly.

Collections:
gives information about words, spelling, pronunciation,
Dictionaries derivation, usage, meaning, syllabication, current status,
synonyms and antonyms, historical information etc.
Encyclopedias provide background information in all fields of knowledge.
Geographical are described as tools to provide information about
Sources geography, like the atlases, maps, gazetteers, and
guidebooks.
Yearbooks and are annual compendium of dates and statistics of a given
Almanacs year, while almanacs are annual publication of statistics
and other information of the previous years.
Handbooks are handy reference sources that provide miscellaneous
information such as addresses, telephone numbers, etc.
Other Reference contain books covering all major field divisions that are
Sources reference in nature for consultation and information
purposes, rather than for circulation. the “open shelf
system” is practiced in this section. Books are for room use
only.

E. Periodical Section
This section houses journals, magazines, newspapers, and other serial literature.
Bound periodicals are cataloged according to DDC scheme; professional journals
are grouped together according to subject. Lists of topics of each journal are
made available in lieu of indexing and abstracting.

Collections in this section are for room use only; bound periodicals maybe
borrowed for overnight. Current issues are displayed on the display shelves.

F. Archive Section
This section houses materials which depict the history of the university and
researches made by faculty and staff. Also, accreditation documents of the
University Library.

G. Internet Section
This section enables students to have access information through the internet.

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H. AVR Section
This section provides an audio-visual support service to facilitate the teaching
and learning activities of the university through non-print collections.

I. E-Library Section
This section enables students to have access to e-resources from authorized
databases which the university has subscribed. STARBOOKS and TEC4 ED
resources are also available here. It is located at the Ground Floor, shared to
other Campus Libraries through the KSU website and Library Webpage.

J. Law & Graduate Studies Library

This section houses the Law and Graduate Studies collection which specifically
cater to the Law and GS students. It is located at the ground floor of the Main
Library Building.

K. Special Collections:
a. Kalinga Indigenous Culture and Knowledge Resource Center & Cordillera
Collection
This collection comprised of materials pertaining to customs and traditions of the
Kalinga people, Cordillera literature and about indigenous peoples.

b. Gender and Development Collection Corner

This collection comprised of materials on women and children. It is located at the
Graduate Studies & Law Library.

c. Knowledge Resource Network-BSP Corner

This collection comprised of materials pertaining to fundamental economic
concepts and issues affecting the economic development of the Philippines. It is
located at the Graduate Studies & Law Library.

L. Technical Section
This section is where the processing and maintenance activities of a library's
collection are being done; it involves the following processes:

1. Identification: locating potentially worthwhile items to add to the collection

2. Selection: deciding which of the identified items to add to the collection
3. Acquisitions: securing the items for the collection
4. Organization: indexing and cataloging the items acquired in a manner that
will aid the end-user in locating materials in the collection
5. Preparation: labeling, binding, repairing, conservation, and otherwise making
items ready for (and maintained during) storage in a manner that allows for
easy retrieval and maintenance of what is in a collection

Technical Services may also include: maintenance of online catalogs, creation

and maintenance of MARC records in the catalog, labeling, covering, security
processing, and/or distribution of materials, maintaining a library's technology
resources, such as servers, OPACs, circulation, scanners, security gates and

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other devices. This section is located at the Office of the Director for Library
Services.

On the other hand, Internet is a vast computer network linking smaller

computer networks worldwide. It includes commercial,educational,
governmental, and other networks, all of which use the same set of
communications protocols.
As to its characteristics, Internet information pays attention to reliability,
accuracy, value, timeliness, and authority of the source - Information found on
the Internet may be quite varied in form and content. Thus, it is more difficult to
determine its reliability and accuracy. Accessing information on the Internet is
easy, but requires more discipline to check and validate. Factual and fictitious
data are often merged together. Sources always have to be validated.

To verify information taken from the different sources, take into consideration
the following:
Skills in determining the reliability of information.
Check the author
Check the date of publication or of update
Check for citations
Check the domain or owner of the site or page
Check the site design and the writing style

Skills in determining accurate information.

Look for facts
Cross-reference with other sources to check for consistency
Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information
Check for advertising