MEDIA INFORMATION AND LITERACY

COMMON SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Indigenous Media
Is defined as form of media expression
conceptualized, produced, and circulated by
indigenous peoples worldwide as a vehicles for
communication, including cultural preservation,
cultural and artistic expression, political self-
determination, and cultural sovereignty.
Indigenous media varies from one place to
another.

Importance of Indigenous media and Information

1.Popular media cannot reach some rural areas.
While print, broadcast and new media have a
wide reach, there are still areas that these media
forms have not reached.
2.Indigenous media and information are highly
credible because they are near the source and are
seldom circulated for profit.
3. Indigenous media are channels for change,
education, and development because of their
direct access to local channels.
4. Ignoring indigenous media and information can
result in development and education programs
that are irrelevant and ineffective.

Indigenous media is also known as community

media
It refers to any form of media utilizing
indigenous knowledge that is made and managed
by, for, and about the community.
Indigenous Knowledge
is defined as the knowledge unique to a given
culture or society (Warren, 1991).
Most often it is not written down.
Indigenous people create this to scatter
appropriate information, usually in the
community’s language, regarding the
community’s needs and interest.
Characteristics of Indigenous Media
1. Oral tradition of communication
2. Store information in memories
3. Information exchange in face-to-face
4. Information are contain within the border of
the community of Indigenous Media

Examples of Indigenous Media

Northern Dispatch Weekly (NORDIS) Philippines
a newspaper and online news website
covering the three regions of Northern Luzon
(Ilocos, Coldillera, and Cagayan Valley). According
to its website, the newspaper comes out every
Sunday, and the website is updated a few hours
after.
Zigzag Weekly
a weekly newspaper that is created by and
for people of Baguio City. Like the NORDIS, they
also run an online news website- zigzagweekly.net

Northern Philippine Times

 a weekly publication of opinion and news
from the Cordillera, Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley,
and Central Luzon. They also utilize a website
called northphilippine.blogspot.com.
Forms of Indigenous Media:
1. Folk or Traditional Media- includes visual,
verbal, and aural forms accepted by a specific
community and used to entertain, inform, or
instruct. It employs vocal, verbal, musical, and
visual art forms transmitted to a society or group
of societies from one generation to another.
2. Gathering and social Organization
3. Direct Observation- a collection of information
using senses. Activities, behavior, and physical
aspects of a situation are all documented without
depending on peoples’ willingness or ability to
respond accurately to questions.
4. Records ( written, carved, oral)
5. Oral instruction

TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES

Primary Sources
This sources of information are records of
events or evidence as they are first described or
happened without any interpretation or
commentary.
They are information shown for the first time or
original materials on which other researcher is
based.
Primary source display original thinking, report on
discoveries, or share fresh information.
They are also called the “raw materials of history
original document and objects created at the time
under study.”
Secondary Sources
They are work that are one step removed
from the original or experiences that provide
interpretation or evaluation of primary resources.
They tend to be works that summarize, interpret,
reorganize, or otherwise provide an added value
to a primary source.
Example of secondary sources include
bibliographies, biographical works, commentaries
and criticisms, conference proceedings, essays or
reviews, histories literary criticism such as journal
articles, magazine and newspaper articles,
monographs, other fiction and biographies,
reprints of artworks, textbooks ( could also be
considered tertiary), and websites ( could also be
considered primary).
3. Tertiary Sources
These are sources that index, abstract,
organize, compile, or digest other sources.
 Some reference materials and textbooks are
considered tertiary sources when their chief
purpose is list, summarize, or simply
repackage ideas or other information.
 Tertiary sources are usually not credited to a
particular author.
Examples of tertiary sources are almanacs,
abstract, dictionaries, encylopedias, and
handbooks
CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SOURCES
1. Library
It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic,
or reference materials (such as books,
manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use
but not for sale. It existed because of the birth of
the printing press in which it is expected to select
and provide content and provide content area
which are easy to access.
Its main role is to organize and provide access
to information.
 It is labeled as “steward of good
information”.
• Types of Library
Academic Library. It serves colleges and
universities.
 Public Library. It serves cities and towns of all
types.
 School Library. It serves students from
Kindergarten to Grade 12.
Special Library. These are in specialized
environments, such as hospitals, corporations,
museums, they military, private business, and the
government
2. Internet
It is a global computer network providing a
variety of information and communication
 facilities, consisting of interconnected
networks using standardized communication
protocols.
 Unlike similar information found in
newspaper or television broadcasts,
information available on the internet is not
regulated for quality or accuracy; therefore, it
is particularly important for the individual
internet user to evaluate the resource or
information.
 Keep in mind that almost anyone can publish
anything they wish on the web.
 It is often difficult to determine authorship of
Web sources, and even if the author is listed,
he or she may not always represent him or
herself honestly, or he she may represent
opinions as fact.
Things to consider in evaluating information
from the internet:
a. Reliability. Information is reliable if it can be
verified and evaluated.
b. Accuracy. It refers to the closeness of the
report to the data.
c. Value. Information is valuable if it aids the user
in making or improving decisions.
d. Authority. Sources with an established expert
on the subject matter are considered as having
sound authority on the subject.
e. Timeliness. Reliability, accuracy and value of
information may vary based on whether it was
produced or acquired. While a piece of
information may have been found accurate,
reliable, and valuable during the time it was
produced, it may become irrelevant and
inaccurate with time.
• Skill in determining the reliability of
information
 Check the author.
 Check the date of publication or of update.
 Check for citations.
 Check the domain or owner of the site/page.
• .com- commercial
 • .edu- educational
• .mil- military
• .gov- government
• .org- nonprofit organization
• Skills in determining the accurate of
information
 Look for facts.
Cross- reference with other source for
consistency.
 Determine the reason for writing and
publishing the information.
 Check for advertising. Advertiser may use
related information to market their product.
3. Human Sources
A human “sources” is roughly defined as a
person who contributes information to a
piece of reportage, whether or not it is
ultimately published or aired in any venue-
print, the internet, radio.
  Any person can be source of information,
such as newscasters, teachers, detectives and
the like.

CATEGORIES EXAMPLES
OF HUMAN
SOURCES

Information Researcher, inventor, astronomer, author, w

generator

Information Bibliographer, encyclopedaist, lexicographe

gatherer

Information Technical editor, style editor, language edit

processor

Information Scribe, calligrapher, data entry operator, typ

recorder

Information Publisher, librarian, documentalist, teacher,

disseminato
r
Translator Language translator( e.g. French to English)

Information Abstractor
condenser

Information Librarian, database searcher, internet searc

retriever

Information Information scientist

technologist

Information Archivist
preserver