Republic of the Philippines

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN,
AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

A PROPOSED “NEW
ZAMBOANGA
INTERNATIONAL-DOMESTIC
AIRPORT”
SITE SELECTION

Cervantes, Micah Isabelle A.

David, Leila Nell B
Elamparo, Monica D.
Lasola, Maria Saire B.
Morales, Angelica G.

Bachelor of Science in Architecture 4-3

Submitted to:
Ar. Melodia Sampan

March 2025
SITE SELECTION PROCESS
DESCRIPTION OF SITE OPTIONS
Zamboanga City, located at the southwestern tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula, offers
an ideal location for the development of an international domestic airport. Strategically
positioned on Basilan Strait and sheltered by Basilan Island, Zamboanga serves as a bustling
port city with direct access to both international and inter island maritime routes. Its rich history
as a center for trade among Chinese, Malays, and indigenous groups, combined with its
modern status as the commercial and industrial hub of the Zamboanga Peninsula, highlights
the city's importance as a gateway for commerce and tourism. With its large population,
significant economic activity, and existing infrastructure, Zamboanga is well-positioned to
support an international domestic airport that will boost trade, tourism, and connectivity in the
region.

SITE 1: BARANGAY MERCEDES - TALABAAN

Figure 1. Proposed Site in Brgy. Mercedes-Talabaan, Zamboanga City

The proposed site for the international domestic airport, located in Barangay Mercedes
- Talabaan, Zamboanga City, spans a total area of 170.556 hectares with a perimeter of
7,986.66 meters. This location is highly strategic for airport development due to its central
position within the city. Its proximity to key facilities, including the Zamboanga Regional
Medical Center, Zamboanga City Integrated Bus Terminal, government institutions,
accommodations, and such, enhances its accessibility, making it an ideal choice for a modern
transportation hub. Additionally, the site is connected by major roads such as Zambowood
Road, Balinsungay Road, Gapuh Road, and Socorro Street, providing convenient transport
links to all parts of Zamboanga City and surrounding regions. With these advantages, the
proposed site stands as a pivotal point in bolstering the region's infrastructure and economic
growth.

SITE 2: BRGY. PASOBOLONG

Figure 2. Proposed Site in Brgy. Pasobolong, Zamboanga City

The second proposed airport site, located in Barangay Pasobolong, Zamboanga City,
spans a total area of 197.337 hectares with a perimeter of 8,457.74 meters. This expansive
site not only provides ample space for the immediate development of a modern airport but
also offers significant possibilities for future expansion. With its large land area, the site allows
for the addition of terminals, runways, cargo facilities, and other necessary infrastructure as
demand grows over time. Furthermore, the site's strategic location ensures excellent
accessibility through major roads, such as the Maria Clara Lorenzo Lobregat Highway and
Maharlika Highway, making it a highly efficient transportation hub for the region. Combining
space for growth, strong accessibility, and cultural significance, this proposed site presents a
long-term solution for the city's expanding transportation needs, driving both regional
development and tourism.

SITE 3: BRGY. TALABAAN

 Figure 3. Proposed Site in Brgy. Talabaan, Zamboanga City

The third and final proposed airport site, located in Barangay Talabaan, Zamboanga
City, spans an impressive 221.151 hectares with a perimeter of 88,538.15 meters. Its excellent
accessibility makes it a strong contender for airport development. It is well-connected to key
areas of the city and the surrounding regions through major road networks, like Gapuh Road
and the Zamboanga City Diversion Road, ensuring seamless transport for passengers, cargo,
and services. The site’s location along accessible routes allow for quick and efficient travel to
and from the airport, enhancing connectivity with the city's commercial, residential, and
industrial sectors. Its size provides ample space for future expansion, allowing the airport to
grow alongside increasing demand. With its strategic access, proximity to key amenities, and
room for future expansion, the Talabaan site is well-positioned to enhance Zamboanga City’s
transportation infrastructure and support long-term economic growth.

SITE SELECTION
SITE SELECTION CRITERIA RANKING BASIS
1 – Poor, Needs more attention
2 – Capable
3 – Considerable
4 – Adequate
5 – Excellent
 LOCATION SUITABILITY
SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3
RUBRICS Brgy. Mercedes- Brgy. Brgy.
Talabaan Pasobolong Talabaan
5 Proximity to target users, clients, or stakeholders 5 4 5
Accessibility (transportation, roads, and
5 4 5 5
infrastructure)
Compatibility with surrounding land use and zoning
5 5 5 5
regulations
Consideration of environmental factors (topography,
5 2 5 5
climate, natural hazards)
TOTAL POINTS 17 19 20
LAND AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3
RUBRICS Brgy. Mercedes- Brgy. Brgy.
Talabaan Pasobolong Talabaan
5 Land ownership and legal status 2 5 4
5 Compliance with local zoning and building codes 5 5 5
5 Availability of necessary permits and approvals 4 5 5
Absence of any legal restrictions, easements, or
5 4 5 4
encumbrances
TOTAL POINTS 15 20 18
PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3
RUBRICS Brgy. Mercedes- Brgy. Brgy.
Talabaan Pasobolong Talabaan
5 Site topography, soil conditions, and drainage 5 4 4
Existing vegetation, ecological impact, and
5 4 5 5
sustainability considerations
Climate conditions and potential natural hazards
5 2 5 5
(flooding, earthquakes, etc.)
Suitability for required infrastructure (utilities, water,
5 5 4 5
electricity, waste management)
TOTAL POINTS 16 18 19

ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY

SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3
RUBRICS Brgy. Mercedes- Brgy. Brgy.
Talabaan Pasobolong Talabaan
5 Cost of land acquisition and development 3 5 4
Potential for return on investment or economic
5 5 5 5
feasibility
5 Availability of financial incentives or grants 5 5 5
5 Long-term operational and maintenance costs 3 3 5
TOTAL POINTS 16 18 19
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY IMPACT
SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3
RUBRICS Brgy. Mercedes- Brgy. Brgy.
Talabaan Pasobolong Talabaan
5 Impact on local communities and stakeholders 2 5 4
Potential for job creation and economic benefits to
5 5 5 5
the area
Consideration of cultural, historical, or social
5 3 5 5
significance of the site
Overall alignment with sustainable and ethical
5 4 4 5
development principles
 TOTAL POINTS 14 19 19
Table 1. Site Criteria for the proposed 3 sites at Zamboanga City

The table above shows the rubrics for site selection which include five (5) major criteria:
location suitability, legal and land considerations, physical and environmental factors,
economic and financial viability, and social and community impact. Based on the results, Site
3 located in Brgy. Pasobolong turned out to be the most suitable location for the new
Zamboanga Domestic-International Airport with 20 points in total, followed by Site 2 in Brgy.
Talabaan with 19 points, and Site 1 in Brgy. Mercedes-Talabaan with 17 points. While all sites
pose great proximity to target users, are accessible, and compatible with the surrounding land
use as the selection was based on the requirements of the Zamboanga Local Government
Unit, Site 1 scores the lowest in consideration of environmental factors specifically its
susceptibility to flooding.

SITE 1 SITE 2
SITE 3
RUBRICS Brgy. Mercedes- Brgy.
Brgy. Talabaan
Talabaan Pasobolong
LOCATION SUITABILITY 17 19 20
LAND AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 15 20 18
PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 16 18 19
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY 16 18 19
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY IMPACT 14 19 19
TOTAL 78 94 95
Table 1. Site Selection for the proposed 3 sites at Zamboanga City

SITE JUSTIFICATION

Zamboanga City, home of the third busiest airport in Mindanao, prioritizes development
projects intended to improve regional connectivity, maintain economic growth, and handle
growing trade and tourism activities through the development of New Zamboanga
International-Domestic Airport (NZIA).

The 175-hectare site was required by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) to
house the airport's 3,440-meter runway, which can accommodate larger aircraft like Boeing
and Airbus models. By improving facilities and addressing growing air traffic, this extension
will support the region's long-term aviation growth, providing plenty of space for modern airport
facilities, cargo terminals, and future expansions. This provides better land use planning than
the current airport location, which has limited room for expansion due to urban encroachment.
The national government's objective of improving connectivity between urban centers and
regional growth hubs is in line with the new proposed airport. The NZIA will be a major
economic engine for the Zamboanga Peninsula, generating employment opportunities,
drawing in investments, and assisting local companies through promoting tourism, trade, and
logistics. With its development, Zamboanga City's position as a significant economic center in
Western Mindanao will be further cemented, promoting the expansion of numerous industries,
especially in the ASEAN market.

The local government unit of Zamboanga city indicates that the airport is also expected to
serve as a hub for inter-island flights to Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi, thereby improving
transportation links in the southwestern Philippines. In addition, the NZIA will improve
international air connectivity with potential routes such as Zamboanga-Sandakan, Malaysia,
to support cross-border trade and tourism under the Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-
Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) initiative.

A comprehensive site selection process led to the decision to establish the new airport in
Barangay Talabaan, which received 95 points for meeting site criteria and was therefore
deemed most suitable for airport development.

Barangay Talabaan was chosen as the most suitable site for the first phase of New
Zamboanga International-Domestic Airport due to its location, environmental resilience, and
overall feasibility. It received the highest rating for location suitability, providing excellent
transportation access and compatibility with surrounding land use while minimizing risks from
natural hazards. Legally, the site imposes few restrictions and adheres to zoning regulations,
ensuring a smooth development process. Physically, it offers stable soil conditions, efficient
drainage, and utility access, making it ideal for large-scale infrastructure projects. While
another site in barangay Pasobolong demonstrated slightly higher investment feasibility,
Talabaan remains a cost-effective and financially viable option for long-term operations. In
addition, it has the least negative impact on local communities while increasing economic and
tourism benefits, making it a socially responsible and sustainable choice. Its selection
promotes regional trade, tourism, and connectivity, in line with national and international
development objectives.
SITE ANALYSIS
MACRO SITE ANALYSIS

The chosen site proposal is located in the city of Zamboanga which is located at the
southernmost tip of the Zamboanga peninsula and is bounded in the north by the provinces
of Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga de Norte, in the west by the sulu sea, in the east by
sibugay bay, and in the south by the basilan strait. It is approximately 460 nautical miles south
of city Manila, 365 nautical miles northeast of kotakinabalu, Malaysia, 345 nautical miles
northeast of menado, Indonesia, bounded to the west by sulu sea, on the east by the Moro
gulf, and on the south by the basilan strait and celebes sea. Its distance from cebu city is about
372.57 nautical miles and is 340.17 nautical miles from Davao City.

The main land territory of Zamboanga city, which encompasses 1,681 kilometres (645
square miles), there are (officially) 11 islands that are part of its principality. The most popular
of these islands is the great Santa Cruz Islands, its tantalizingly beautiful scenery
encompasses the rare "pink sand". Almost 10 - 15 minutes while riding a boat from the city to
the great sta. Cruz Island. Under the presidential decree no. 654, President Ferdinand Marcos
declared that the sta. Cruz Islands as national park and tourism development in the city of
Zamboanga. Aside from Santa Cruz Island, the city has also 28 Islands off the main land coast.
All of these Islands come under the city's jurisdiction. The biggest of these islands is Sacol
(about 12km. Long and 8km. Wide), and eleven of these islands on the moro Gulf coast form
a cluster known as the eleven islands, the largest being Cabugan Island (approx. 11 hectares).

HISTORY

The name "Zamboanga" comes from the Hispanicized spelling of the Sinama word
samboangan (also spelled sambuangan), which means "mooring place." This term originates
from samboang, meaning "mooring pole."

Zamboanga City, known as "Asia’s Latin City," has a rich history shaped by various
cultures and influences. Before Spanish colonization, it was home to indigenous groups like
the Subanen, Tausūg, Sama-Bajau, and Yakan, thriving as a trade hub with Malay, Chinese,
and Arab merchants. The Spanish arrived in 1635, establishing Fort Pilar and introducing
Christianity, Chavacano, and Hispanic culture. Under American rule (1898–1946), Zamboanga
briefly served as the capital of the Moro Province, benefiting from infrastructure and education
improvements. During World War II, it was occupied by Japanese forces and later liberated in
1945. The city officially became a chartered city on October 12, 1936, under President Manuel
L. Quezon. Today, Zamboanga City is a major economic and cultural center in Mindanao,
known for its diverse population and strong Spanish-influenced heritage.

Geography and Topography

The province features a diverse landscape, with mountainous regions stretching

northward from Sibugay in the southwest to the northern boundary near Salug Valley in the
east. Coastal plains extend from the south to the west, expanding into wider flatlands along
the Baganian Peninsula in the southeast. Notable rivers include the Sibugay River, originating
in the mountains near Bayog and Lakewood, and flowing into Sibuguey Bay, as well as the
Kumalarang and Salug rivers.

LAND USE AREA

Zamboanga City is the largest city in the country in terms of land area. Its total land
area is 1, 483, 3849 square kilometers (78.10sq.km) urban area and 1, 405, 2849 sq.km rural
areas). The breakdown of the total land area is 45.9% agricultural, 32.24% forestland 9.43%
protected area 6.51% residential, 0.15% commercial 0.12% industrial and 5.65% others.

The city has 37,630,067 hectares of available lands for development: (i) 5, 244, 25
hectares for residential use; (ii) 5,598,407 hectares for commercial/industrial use ;(iii) 26, 714,
42 hectares for agricultural use; and (vi) 92.99 hectares for institutional use.

The city watershed (12,107 hectares of old growth forest) is one of the three remaining
intact watersheds in the country.

CLIMATE

А. ТУРЕ

Zamboanga city falls under the third type of climate seasons are not very
pronounced relatively dry from the months of October, November, and January to April,
with minimal rain in the months June to September.
B. TEMPERATURE

Zamboanga city enjoys a location that is free from the typhoon belt area. March
to May is hot and dry, with temperatures at 32 to 34 degrees Celsius, while in June to
October is rainy, and November to February is cool, with temperature ranging from 22
to 28 degrees Celsius. Average humidity year-round is 77%.
 C. RAINFALL

In the year 2005, the highest rainfall occurs in the month of July with 230.7 mm
while the lowest rainfall is experienced in the month of February with 18.0 mm. The
average annual rainfall is 19.0 millimeters.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Zamboanga City is the 5th most populous city in the Philippines and the 2nd most
populous in Mindanao, following Davao City. Between 2015 and 2020, the city's population
grew by 115,435, reflecting an annual growth rate of 2.50%—a significant increase from the
1.3% recorded between 2010 and 2015. By 2021, the city's population was estimated to have
reached 1 million.
 Among Zamboanga’s 98 barangays, Talon-Talon is the most populous, accounting for
4.1% of the city's total population, followed by Mampang (4.0%), Tumaga (3.6%), Tetuan
(3.5%), Calarian (3.4%), and San Roque and Pasonanca, both with 3.2%.

CULTURE

Zamboanga City means immersing oneself into a place where history, art, faith, and
flavors come together in a way that is both distinct and deeply rooted in tradition. It offers an
authentic cultural experience, making it an ideal destination for those who seek to explore a
city where heritage and modernity coexist harmoniously. It is known as “Asia’s Latin City,” is a
unique cultural hub where Spanish, indigenous, and Muslim influences blend seamlessly,
creating a rich and diverse heritage. Its distinct Chavacano language, a Spanish-based creole,
reflects its colonial past and serves as a symbol of Zamboangueño identity. The city is home
to various ethnic groups, including Zamboangueños, Tausūg, Sama-Bajau, Yakan, and
Subanen, each contributing their traditions, from flamenco-inspired dances and folk
Catholicism to kulintang music, vinta boat-making, and intricate Yakan weaving. Festivals such
as Zamboanga Hermosa Festival, Dia de Zamboanga, and Eid celebrations showcase its
vibrant cultural landscape, uniting Christian and Muslim communities in colorful and
meaningful celebrations. The city’s artistic heritage thrives through traditional dances like Jota
Zamboangueña and Pangalay, as well as handwoven textiles, brassware, and wood carvings.
Zamboanga’s cuisine is equally remarkable, with must-try dishes like Curacha con Alavar
Sauce, Satti, Knickerbocker, and Latal, reflecting its fusion of Spanish, Malay, and indigenous
flavors.

RELIGION

Zamboanga City, located in Zamboanga del Sur, is known for its religious diversity,
with Christianity and Islam as the dominant faiths. The majority of the population adheres to
Christianity, particularly Roman Catholicism, under the Archdiocese of Zamboanga, while
other Christian groups like Evangelicals, Baptists, and Iglesia ni Cristo also have a presence.
Islam is practiced by a significant portion of the population, mainly among the Tausūg, Sama-
Bajau, and Yakan ethnic groups, with its roots tracing back to the Sultanate of Sulu. Numerous
mosques and Islamic centers serve as places of worship and community gatherings. Aside
from Christianity and Islam, other religions, including Buddhism and indigenous spiritual
practices, are also observed by minority groups. Often referred to as "Asia’s Latin City" due to
its strong Spanish Catholic heritage, Zamboanga is a true melting pot of cultures and beliefs,
fostering a unique blend of religious traditions.

TRANSPORTATION & CONNECTIVITY

The city serves as a major transportation hub, featuring Zamboanga International

Airport, which connects it to key Philippine cities, and the Port of Zamboanga, one of the
busiest seaports in the country. Extensive road networks link it to surrounding provinces, while
public transport mainly consists of jeepneys, tricycles, and buses. Ferry services provide
access to the Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi provinces.

LANGUAGE

Chavacano is the city's lingua franca, developed from Spanish with Austronesian
influences, particularly from Subanon. Originally, Subanon was widely spoken, but Spanish
colonization led to its decline as natives were forced to adopt Spanish, which later evolved
into Chavacano. Today, only a few still speak Subanon, and no major revitalization efforts have
been made. Aside from Chavacano, Filipino and English are widely used as official languages.
Bahasa Sug (Tausug) is the second-most spoken language due to migration from the Sulu
Archipelago, followed by Cebuano. Other languages like Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanaon,
Maranao, Sama, and Yakan are also spoken within their respective communities.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

Zamboanga City serves as a significant economic hub in Western Mindanao,

distinguished by its diverse industries, strategic location, and increasing urbanization. With a
population exceeding 1 million, it ranks as the 5th most populous city in the Philippines and
the 2nd largest in Mindanao, following Davao City. The city's economy flourishes through
fishing, agriculture, trade, manufacturing, and tourism, generating numerous employment and
business opportunities.

The fishing industry stands out as one of Zamboanga’s primary economic engines,
earning it the designation of the “Sardine Capital of the Philippines.” The city hosts a multitude
of sardine canning factories and maintains robust tuna, seaweed, and shrimp farming sectors.
Furthermore, agriculture plays a vital role, with extensive plantations cultivating coconuts,
rubber, mangoes, rice, corn, and livestock. The manufacturing sector is also significant,
encompassing rubber processing, coconut oil production, and woodcraft industries.

As a critical trade hub, Zamboanga City functions as the gateway to Basilan, Sulu,
Tawi-Tawi, and Malaysia. The retail and commercial sector is on the rise, bolstered by public
markets, malls, and trading centers that support small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Concurrently, the tourism industry is expanding, drawing visitors to its cultural heritage sites,
pristine beaches, and eco-tourism destinations.

Urban development is ongoing, marked by infrastructure projects such as road

expansions, airport and seaport enhancements, and modernization of public transport. The
Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone (ZAMBOECOZONE) further promotes investments
in export-oriented industries, IT services, and manufacturing, contributing to the city’s
economic growth. However, challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and infrastructure
deficiencies persist, necessitating sustained efforts from both government and private sectors
to achieve sustainable development.
 Table above shows agricultural production of Zamboanga City

The city’s strategic position, growing economy, and escalating trade and tourism
activities render it an optimal site for a new international airport. As a central economic hub in
Western Mindanao, Zamboanga City significantly contributes to both regional and
international trade, particularly with Malaysia and Indonesia. The city’s diverse industries,
including fishing, agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism, necessitate enhanced air
connectivity to foster economic development and attract further investments.

Barangay Talabaan emerges as a particularly viable location for this proposed airport
due to its proximity to the city center and the availability of land suitable for large-scale
infrastructure projects. The barangay's low population density and rural environment minimize
the need for extensive relocation efforts, thus facilitating construction. Furthermore, Talabaan’s
access to major road networks ensures efficient transportation for both passengers and goods,
further solidifying Zamboanga’s status as a trade and logistics hub.

Establishing a new international airport in Talabaan would significantly enhance

tourism by enabling direct flights to various domestic and international destinations. This
development would likely lead to an increase in visitor arrivals and elevate the city’s profile as
a gateway to Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and neighboring ASEAN countries. Additionally, it would
bolster local businesses, create job opportunities, and stimulate economic growth by allowing
for the expedited movement of goods and services, particularly benefiting the city’s sardine
canning, agriculture, and export sectors.

Moreover, given Zamboanga City's rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion,

the existing Zamboanga International Airport is currently facing capacity constraints and rising
passenger demands. Developing a new airport in Talabaan would effectively address these
issues, ensuring long-term sustainability and establishing Zamboanga as a pivotal
international aviation hub in Mindanao.

MICRO SITE ANALYSIS

The chosen proposed site is specifically located in Barangay Talabaan, Zamboanga
City experiences a Type III climate classification same as the whole part of the city according
to a report analyzed by the Bureau of Soils and Water Management on the Land Resources
Evaluation and Suitability Assessment of Strategic Production Areas in Zamboanga City. This
is defined by no very pronounced maximum rain period, with a dry season lasting only from
one to three months, either during the period from December to February or from March to
May.

As a coastal barangay situated approximately 18.45 kilometers from the city proper,
Talabaan's proximity to the sea influences its local climate, contributing to moderate
temperatures and high humidity levels. In addition, the elevation of the barangay of
approximately 5 meters (16.40 feet) above sea level also plays a role in its climatic conditions.
In recent years, climate projections for the Zamboanga Peninsula indicate a significant
increase in hot days and a decrease in cold nights, suggesting a trend towards warmer
temperatures. These changes may affect the microclimate of Barangay Talabaan, potentially
impacting local agriculture, water resources, and overall community well-being.

Understanding these climatic patterns is essential for effective planning and adaptation
strategies to mitigate potential adverse effects on the barangay's environment and residents.

PHYSICAL

 Natural
o Soil Type

Barangay Talabaan in Zamboanga City is distinguished by soil types

typical of the region's geological landscape. According to the Bureau of Soils
and Water Management (BSWM), Zamboanga City is made up of seven major
landforms, including coastal landscapes and large alluvial plains. These
landforms are often characterized by soil classifications such as loam and
mountain soil, which are found in various barangays across the city. Loam soils,
with their balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, are ideal for agriculture due
to their excellent drainage and nutrient retention capabilities. Mountain soils,
which are often found in high-altitude areas, can be difficult to cultivate but can
sustain some plants.

o Topography
 Figure 8. Topographic Map of the Proposed Site Location in Barangay
Talabaan, Zamboanga City
Barangay Talabaan in Zamboanga City has a low-lying and gently
sloping topography, with an average elevation of 5 meters above sea level. The
minimum elevation of the area at -1 meter suggests that some parts may be at
or slightly below sea level, making them potentially prone to flooding, especially
during heavy rains or storm surges. Whereas the maximum elevation of 21
meters indicates the presence of slightly elevated terrain. But overall, the
barangay remains mostly flat to gently undulating and is at minimal risk of
flooding considering that the lower parts of the site have elevations ranging
from 6 to 11 meters. Nevertheless, proper drainage and flood mitigation
measures must be implemented for sustainable urban development and
infrastructure planning.

o Vegetation
 Figure 9. NAMRIA 2020 Land Cover Map of Zamboanga City

Barangay Talabaan in Zamboanga City is distinguished by a diverse

range of vegetative cover that contributes significantly to the ecological
balance, biodiversity, and land use patterns of the area. According to
NAMRIA's 2020 Land Cover Map, the Zamboanga Peninsula region, which
includes Talabaan, is covered in a variety of land cover types, including closed
forest, open forest, mangrove forest, brush/shrubs, and grassland. These
vegetative types help to regulate the local climate, stabilize the soil, and
preserve habitat for flora and fauna.

The barangay's mixed vegetative composition may also include areas

designated for agriculture, agroforestry, or reforestation efforts, depending on
local land use policies and conservation strategies. For Barangay Talabaan to
experience sustainable development, climate change resilience, and the
preservation of its natural ecosystems, these vegetative resources must be
managed properly.

o Bodies of Water

Barangay Talabaan in Zamboanga City is influenced by a variety of

bodies of water that play an important role in the local ecology and economy.
The barangay's name, "Talabaan," comes from the abundance of talaba
(oysters) that were traditionally found along its riverbanks, suggesting the
presence of a substantial river system in the region. While specifics regarding
the river's present name and status are scarce, it has historically been critical
for fishing, shellfish harvesting, and local trade.

Other bodies of water are scattered throughout the city such as the
Tumaga River, which serves as the city's primary water supply. The Pasonanca
Natural Park, located about 10 kilometers north of the city, protects the Tumaga
River's headwaters and acts as an important watershed and ecological reserve
for the region. These bodies of water contribute to the availability of water
resources, biodiversity, and general environmental sustainability in Barangay
Talabaan and its surrounding communities.

o Natural Hazards
 Flood

The chosen site has been identified as having a flood risk, with
varying levels of hazard based on its elevation and due to its proximity
to the near body of water. The site falls within areas of low flood risk
with an elevation range of 0.1m to 0.5m. Parts of the site may fall within
areas that have a medium flood risk, with elevations ranging from 0.5m
to 1.5m. This indicates that the site is less likely to experience severe
flooding, but there may still be occasional water accumulation during
heavy rainfall or extreme weather events.

Figure 10. Flood Hazard Map of chosen site

 Volcanic

Barangay Talabaan is not directly threatened by volcanic activity

because there are no active volcanoes in or around the region.
Furthermore, the Zamboanga Peninsula is not located in a significant
volcanic region, therefore volcanic hazards such as lava flows, ashfall,
and pyroclastic surges are unlikely to threaten Talabaan. Overall, while
geological activity in the region should be monitored, Barangay
Talabaan is at minimal risk from volcanic hazards. Other geohazards,
such as floods, soil erosion, and ground subsidence, may necessitate
further attention in local disaster preparedness activities.

 Earthquake Induced Landslides

 The chosen site is not prone to earthquake-induced landslides due
to its favorable topography. The area is relatively stable, with a gentle
or moderate slope that reduces the likelihood of soil movement during
seismic events. The site’s flat or gently sloping terrain ensures that even
in the event of an earthquake, the potential for landslides is extremely
low. This makes the site a safer choice for development, as it does not
face the same geological hazards that more mountainous or steeply
inclined areas might experience. This further enhances its suitability for
construction and long-term use, providing added confidence in its
stability and safety.

Figure 11. Landslide Susceptibility Map of Zamboanga City

 Manmade

o Road and Transportation Networks

The chosen site is strategically located along Gapuh Road and
Zamboanga City Diversion Road, making it easily accessible from key routes
in the area. It can also be conveniently reached via the Maharlika Highway,
 which connects into Gapuh Road. The site can also be accessed through
Balinsungay Road, interconnected with Mercedes Road, leading into the
existing diversion road. This offers the advantage of smooth connections to
various destinations, making it an ideal location for both commuters and
visitors. The site's accessibility through multiple transport routes ensures
convenience and flexibility for those traveling to and from the area.

o Landmarks

Within 5 Kilometer Radius from the chosen site:

Figure 12. 5-Kilometer Radius Map of the Chosen Site

The chosen site is surrounded by a variety of landmarks within a 5-

kilometer radius, offering a blend of commercial, residential, and tourism-
related establishments that contribute to the area's vibrant atmosphere. In the
surrounding upper areas, you'll find several resorts and farms, making it an
attractive destination for leisure and recreation. Notable resorts such as A & S
Garden Resort, Margareetas Family Resort, and PeñaFlor Nature Park and
Cottages provide visitors with tranquil retreats, nature experiences, and
recreational facilities.

Additionally, the site is strategically located near essential services,

including gas stations, making it convenient for both residents and travelers. It
is also near various institutions, such as schools, government offices, and
healthcare facilities, such as the Zamboanga Regional Medical Center, further
enhancing its accessibility and functionality for everyday activities. The site’s
 accessibility is further complemented by its proximity to both mosques and
churches, catering to the spiritual needs of the community and fostering
inclusivity. This combination of nearby landmarks and services adds significant
value to the site, making it a well-rounded and highly accessible location,
reinforcing its position within a dynamic and well-connected area that caters to
a wide range of needs and interests.

o Utilities

 Water Supply

In general, the Zamboanga City Water District (ZCWD) is the

city's principal water service provider, providing safe drinking water to a
significant portion of the population. Despite its broad reach, the ZCWD
water system now covers just 61 of Zamboanga City's 98 barangays.
This implies that around 30 barangays, including Barangay Talabaan,
have no direct access to this water network, requiring residents to rely
on alternative water sources to meet their daily needs.

The majority of Barangay Talabaan's population relies on

communal water supply systems that are locally managed to ensure the
continuing delivery of safe and potable water. These systems play a
crucial role in providing water access, especially in areas where the
ZCWD infrastructure is unavailable. Additionally, the Mercedes
Barangay Waterworks and Sanitation Association serves a portion of
Talabaan, augmenting water provision to specific portions of the
barangay.

 Electric Power Supply

Barangay Talabaan in Zamboanga City receives its electrical

power mostly from the Zamboanga City Electric Cooperative, Inc.
(ZAMCELCO), which is the main electricity distributor in the city.
ZAMCELCO is in charge of supplying electricity services to several
barangays, including Talabaan. In recent years, there have been
initiatives to enhance the power supply and reliability in Zamboanga
City. New administrators at ZAMCELCO have been hired to improve the
 energy infrastructure, with the goal of meeting the energy demands of
neighboring barangays such as Guisao, Mercedes, Pasobolong, and
Talabaan. Furthermore, the city is looking at renewable energy sources
to diversify its energy mix and ensure a sustainable power supply. Solar
power projects in the Zamboanga Peninsula region are feasible, and
they might contribute to the overall energy stability of barangays such
as Talabaan.

 Telephone / Mobile Phone Services and Cable TV Services

Barangay Talabaan in Zamboanga City has access to a variety

of telecommunications and cable television services, which connect
inhabitants to both local and worldwide networks. Major
telecommunications companies like as PLDT, Globe Telecom, and
Smart Communications provide landline and mobile phone services,
guaranteeing dependable connection for personal, business, and
emergency purposes.

For cable television services, residents have multiple options to

choose from such as Sky Cable Zamboanga, Mindanao Cable TV, and
Margos Cable Vision, offering a variety of local and international
channels. In addition, satellite TV services such as Cignal TV and G Sat
are available, giving consumers more viewing alternatives. Local
television stations, such as eMedia Productions, also contribute to the
media access by providing news, entertainment, and instructional
programming via digital broadcasts, including UHF Channel 40.

o Drainage

The existing drainage system in Zamboanga City was originally

constructed 1933 and 1939 by the United States Colonial Government. It
functions as a separate sewer system, with sewer lines connecting directly to
homes to collect just sewage. However, the collected sewage is dumped
straight into coastal seas without being properly treated, raising environmental
and public health issues. The Zamboanga City Water District (ZCWD) is in
charge of operating and maintaining this system.
 To address these issues, the ZCWD has proposed a rehabilitation and
expansion project for the sewer lines in the Central Business District (CBD).
The agency has requested for a loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
to fund the restoration and extension of existing sewage lines by 1.8 kilometers.
In addition, a 6.84-kilometer expansion is planned. With the extension of
sewered regions, the capabilities of current pumping stations will need to be
enhanced, and new pumping stations may be installed to accommodate the
additional sewage collection.

In terms of drainage infrastructure, the present system is only

accessible within a 15-kilometer radius of the city. Many rural barangays,
including Talabaan, lack adequate drainage systems, causing flooding after
heavy rains. To solve this issue, the Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) Region IX created a master plan for drainage and flood control in
Zamboanga City's metropolitan center and central districts. In recent years, the
DPWH Regional Office has also undertaken a number of projects targeted at
renovating the existing drainage system and building new drainage facilities to
aid flood prevention efforts.

o Manmade Hazards

Barangay Talabaan in Zamboanga City is subject to several man-made

hazards that affect the environment and the well-being of its population.
Inadequate sanitation and waste management is a major problem since it can
lead to environmental pollution and health hazards. A lack of sufficient sanitary
facilities raises the risk of waterborne infections and can contribute to the
pollution of nearby water sources.

Another major concern is environmental degradation, which is caused

by activities like deforestation, illicit logging, and unregulated land use, all of
which lead to soil erosion, decreased biodiversity, and the loss of natural
disaster defenses. Furthermore, Zamboanga City has historically had conflict
and security issues, and while stability has improved, threats associated with
insurgencies and armed conflicts remain concerns in certain regions.
Addressing these hazards requires comprehensive planning, strong waste
 management policies, responsible infrastructure development, and continued
efforts to maintain peace and security in Barangay Talabaan.

CULTURAL

 Demographics

According to the 2020 Census, Barangay Talabaan has a population of 5,907,

representing 0.60% of the total population of Zamboanga City. In 2015, the Barangay
of Talabaan had a total household population of 5,300 with an average of 4.51
individuals or members per household among the 1,174 families present. This increase
in population indicates a steady and positive growth rate of 2.15%, or an increase of
567 people from the previous population of 5,340 in 2015 in Talabaan, which not only
reflects the area's appeal but also suggests greater potential for development and
investment in local infrastructure, services, and community programs, enhancing the
quality of life for residents, as well as cultural and recreational opportunities for tourists.

Figure 13. Household Population

Table in Talabaan, Zamboanga City
(1990-2015)

Figure 14. Population Growth Rate

Table in Talabaan, Zamboanga City
(1990-2020)
SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE CHOSEN SITE
The proposed Zamboanga International-Domestic Airport in Barangay Talabaan, Zamboanga
City, is intended to improve air connectivity, meet rising passenger demand, and boost regional
economic development. The site is ideally situated along the recently constructed diversion
route and provides a level topography with low complexity, existing water and electrical
connections, and beneficial wind orientation for effective flight operations. Furthermore, its
closeness to significant barangay centers creates potential for local businesses and urban
development.

This SWOT analysis assesses the proposed airport site's strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats to facilitate informed decision-making and long-term planning.

STRENGTH WEAKNESS
Favorable Terrain: Development and Flooding Issues: The location needs
construction are made easier by the site's drainage solutions because it is vulnerable
low complexity. to minor flooding during periods of intense
precipitation.
Utility Availability: No major infrastructure
work is required as water and electricity lines Existing Infrastructure: A warehouse
are already in place. currently takes up space on the property, so
it must be moved or incorporated into the
Strategic Orientation: The location plan.
maximizes runway efficiency by aligning with
the prevailing winds
.
Accessibility: Access and logistics are
improved by a direct connection to the
recently built diversion road.

Vegetation: The roadside vegetation can

help maintain the environment, add shade,
and improve the site's natural beauty.

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
 Scenic Vistas: To improve the traveler Impact of Noise and Traffic: Locals may be
experience, the airport will provide views of impacted by increased noise pollution and
the watershed reservation to the west and traffic jams on the current Gapuh Road.
Sacol Island to the east.
Environmental Concerns: Strict
Economic Growth: The airport's existence environmental protections are necessary
can stimulate the growth of small businesses because possible pollution could have a
in the barangay centers that are close by. detrimental effect on the nature park to the
Urban Expansion: The project will spur local north.
real estate and infrastructure growth.

With advantages in terms of topography, accessibility, and utilities available, the proposed
Zamboanga International-Domestic Airport in Barangay Talabaan is a promising development
site. The region's natural appeal is further enhanced by the profusion of roadside vegetation,
which also makes the area more aesthetically pleasing and sustainable. The existence of an
existing warehouse and minimal flooding present initial difficulties, but these can be
successfully resolved with appropriate drainage systems and site reorganization to maximize
land use.

By making the newly built diversion road the main access route, ensuring smooth vehicle flow,
and lessening the impact on the current road networks, concerns about traffic congestion on
Gapuh Road can be allayed. Protecting the surrounding nature park from pollution hazards is
another benefit of putting environmental protection measures into place.

The airport can play a significant role in promoting regional connectivity, economic growth,
and sustainable urban expansion in Zamboanga City by utilizing the site's advantages and
strengths while proactively resolving its problems.
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