Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and

Engineering in Leicester and Leicestershire

Source(s): See Economic and growth indicators.

Defining Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Advanced manufacturing and engineering involves the design and manufacture of
advanced products as well as the application of advanced production systems.
Advanced manufacturing involves versatile production methods that are more
efficient, effective and responsive. This contrasts with traditional manufacturing that is
based on the use of dedicated plant and production lines with little or no flexibility.
Sometimes referred to as Industry 4.0 - advanced manufacturing encompasses all aspects of
the value chain of a product - from concept to end-of-life considerations, and relies on
information communication technology (ICT) to integrate the manufacturing and business
activities into a seamless efficient operation.
Products derived from advanced manufacturing and engineering include machines, devices
and solutions, often utilising the latest technologies and includes subsectors such as
aerospace, automotive, chemical, computing, defence, electrical electronics, environmental,
infrastructure, instrumentation, control systems, mechanical, power, rail and telecoms.

Market and economic outlook

Global market
The global advanced manufacturing and engineering sector has entered a period of
uncertainty and changes in demand and supply patterns. During the pandemic,
manufacturing companies that produce non-essential goods have experienced a significant

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
reduction in staff, while those that produce essential goods have had to scale up, add
product lines, and hire new workers in order to satisfy demand.
Advanced manufacturing techniques and capabilities has advantageous for
manufacturers that have had to reduce their workforce. Many manufacturers have
turned to the ‘Internet of Things’ (essentially the ability to track orders, components and the
manufacturing process through monitoring and systems analysis) automation and product
line and factory process optimization in an attempt to keep up with changes in demand.
Optimization allows for cost control and profitability, which are essential for companies
whose sales have been reduced.
Manufacturers particularly impacted by Covid-19 have included aerospace
manufacturers, as airlines have wound down services and cancelled their fleet purchases
until the markets experience recovery. The automotive market has also seen a decline in
demand, partly due to less travel, and partly due to a loss of confidence amongst consumers.
Advanced manufacturing will continue to adopt and implement the four foundational
technologies driving Industry 4.0: 1) Connectivity, data, and computational power; 2)
Analytics and intelligence; 3) Human-machine intervention; and 4) Advanced engineering.
This is also predicted to move further into “Planning 4.0” – where analytics and AI are turned
into flexible, responsive operations. Looking ahead, manufacturers will likely continue to re-
evaluate their workforce and investment in production technology based on shifts in
demand.

UK market
According to the UK Government’s Department for International Trade, the UK has a
thriving manufacturing industry, with investment in automation and technological
advances potentially adding £275bn to the national economy each year.
Substantial UK growth has occurred in areas such as composite materials, low carbon
technologies, digital process engineering, additive manufacturing, and robotics and
autonomous systems. The UK is also a world leader in material technologies and the
development of advanced materials such as graphene and other 2D materials. New
technologies are set to transform productivity in the next few years, a process referred to as
the 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. The World Economic Forum considers the UK a
leading country for Industry 4.0 – ranked 2nd for technology and innovation, and 1st for
available financing.
Optimism in the three months to April (2021) improved at its quickest pace since April
1973, while investment intentions saw a strong, broad-based rebound, according to the
latest CBI quarterly Industrial Trends Survey. The survey of 288 manufacturers found that
firms expect to increase capital expenditure on buildings, plant and machinery, product and
process innovation, and training and retraining in the next year (relative to the last). In
particular, investment intentions for plant and machinery were at their strongest since July
1997. Although manufacturing output was broadly flat in the quarter to April, total new
orders grew at the quickest pace since April 2019 – and both output and orders growth are
expected to pick up rapidly in the next quarter. Export optimism for the year ahead
strengthened after successive decline over almost three years. New export orders stabilised
after falling for nearly two years and are expected to hold steady in the quarter ahead.

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Business impacts of Covid-19 and Brexit

Covid-19 has led to materials shortages, steep falls in demand, and problems with
worker availability. This has led to staff furloughs, cuts in production and redundancies.
According to Make UK in February 2021, 56% of 186 manufacturers surveyed had staff on
furlough; half believed they will achieve full operating levels by the end of 2021, and 52%
had already made redundancies. More than 60% of manufacturing firms believe the UK will
return to normal by February 2022.
Acceleration of innovation and technology adoption is the key trend. According to
McKinsey, Industry 4.0 technologies were already transforming manufacturers’ operations
before the pandemic. Now adoption is diverging between technology haves and have-nots.
After Covid-19, manufacturing and its supply chains are likely to be much more digital, as is
already evident in the immediate response to the crisis. Industry 4.0 - which includes
connectivity, advanced analytics, automation, and advanced-manufacturing technologies -
was gaining momentum before COVID-19, helping companies transform their operations in
everything from production efficiency to product customization, with improvements in speed
to market, service effectiveness, and new business model creation.
Industry leaders are leveraging Industry 4.0 solutions: 39 percent (McKinsey, as above)
have implemented a nerve-centre, or control-tower, approach to increase end-to-end
supply-chain transparency, and around a quarter are fast-tracking automation programs to
stem worker shortages arising from COVID-19.
The costs and impacts of Brexit have been significant for manufacturers, as recent Make
UK surveys reveal; 9 out of 10 manufacturing companies have incurred costs due to the new
arrangements with the EU, and 8 out of 10 could not prepare due to the uncertainty of what
the new relationship would be like. The impacts of the new rules and trading relationship are
already being felt. Eight in ten companies are experiencing some form of disruption to their
supply chains (although not all of these are EU-UK related). Of those, one-third say they are
seeing disruption to imports and exports to and from the EU, while only one in five say the
disruptions are predominantly on imports from the EU.

Activities and key organisations in Leicester and

Leicestershire
Leicester and Leicestershire has a rich industrial heritage, with historic specialisms in boot
and shoemaking, material processing and production and textiles and knitted goods. The
precision engineering skills established through these major developments then attracted
companies who were drawn by the quality and availability of skilled labour, such as Imperial
Typewriters and Rank Taylor Hobson.
Fast forward to 2021, and there is a diverse range of advanced manufacturing and
engineering activities and firms, including Caterpillar – who manufacture construction
equipment in their Desford facility; Sofidel, the paper manufacturer based in Leicester, Bostik
based in Loughborough, General Electric, Benson Group and Ibstock.
MIRA Technology Park, based in Hinckley, is a global provider of pioneering engineering,
research and test services to the automotive, defence, aerospace and rail sectors. It is a
world class centre of excellence in transport technology set in an outstanding 842-acre
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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
campus environment. Located at the geographical centre of the UK’s automotive sector, the
two-million-square-foot Technology Park provides bespoke property solutions for customers
by designing and delivering buildings to meet their R&D needs, alongside an existing range
of flexible office, laboratory and workshop space. HORIBA MIRA works in close collaboration
with vehicle manufacturers and suppliers around the world, providing comprehensive
support ranging from individual product tests to turnkey engineering design, development
and build programmes. Bruntingthorpe Proving Ground is the largest privately-owned vehicle
test track facility in the UK and won £4m in Government funding to design and operate a
new Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) test facility in 2018.
Leicester and Leicestershire has over 200 food and drink manufacturing businesses, including
Samworth Brothers and Mars Group – both at Melton Mowbray. PepsiCo is one of the world’s
leading food and beverage companies with brands including Walkers Crisps (manufactured
in Leicester), Pepsi and Quaker Oats. PepsiCo’s R&D Centre in Leicester houses the
company's core technical staff across R&D, engineering and technical services, and aims to
drive the development of healthier foods for the European market.
Leicester and Leicestershire continues to retain its textiles manufacturing expertise, with firms
such as Boden, Pantherella, Fashion Fabric Transprinters, and EBSCO.

University and R&D expertise

Loughborough University offers Advanced Manufacturing Engineering and Management
courses and has significant R&D expertise in advanced manufacturing and engineering, with
a number of renowned research centres including: Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre
in Combustion Aerothermal Systems; The National Centre of Excellence in Gas Turbine
Combustion System Aerodynamics; and the Vehicle Aerodynamics Research Centre; The
Caterpillar Innovation and Research Centre; the National Centre for Combustion and
Aerothermal Technology and the Systems Engineering Innovation Centre.
De Montfort University (DMU) runs a range of degrees in advanced technology. Key
technology areas include medical diagnostics, robotics, satellite mapping, home security,
‘glasses-free’ 3D television, aircraft manufacturing and safety, mobile communication and
alternative energy.
The University of Leicester has world-leading research specialisms in Aerospace and
Computational Engineering; and the Mechanics of Materials, as well as Bioengineering and
Biomaterials, Energy, Engineering Management, Space Engineering and Transport. The
University also hosts research in the cross-disciplinary groupings of: the Advanced
Microscopy Centre, Biomechanics & Immersive Technology Laboratory, Dynamics, Vibration
& Acoustics Laboratory, the NISCO UK Research Centre (NU-RC), and the TWI Materials
Innovation Centre (MatIC).
The University of Leicester is a major centre for space technology which is evidenced by
programmes such as G-STEP and the Satellite Applications Catapult node based at the
University, and by the SpacePark development where cutting-edge research is done and
business incubator facilities are provided. In terms of manufacturing-related technology, the
University has developed a facility to house the UK’s first commercial 3D laser measurement
and modal analysis centre - the Advanced Structural Dynamics Evaluation Collaborative
(ASDEC) Research Centre.

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
The Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC) develops and proves innovative
manufacturing processes and technologies in an agile, low risk environment, in partnership
with industry, academia and other institutions. The organisation operates some of the most
advanced manufacturing equipment in the world, and employs a team of highly skilled
engineers, many of whom are leading experts in their field. This creates a high-quality
environment for the development and demonstration of new processes and technologies on
an industrial scale to deliver bespoke manufacturing system solutions for customers. The
MTC’s areas of expertise are directly relevant to both large and small companies and are
applicable across a wide range of industry sectors. The MTC’s members include global
manufacturing companies from multiple sectors. Research partners include the University of
Birmingham, University of Nottingham, Loughborough University and TWI Ltd. The MTC is
part of the High Value Manufacturing Catapult which is supported by Innovate UK (formerly
the Technology Strategy Board).

Economic and growth indicators

Table 1: Summary of key economic and growth indicators for the Advanced Manufacturing and
Engineering sector in Leicester and Leicestershire

Value, 2019 % of economy total % of economy total

(UK average)

GVA (£m) 5,203 21.2% 14.8%

Jobs 81,300 14.8% 10.6%

Businesses 5,015 10.1% 7.9%

Productivity (£) 64,000 143.8% 139.8%

Value, 2010-19 % change p.a. % change p.a. (UK

average)

Real GVA growth (£m) -242 -0.5% 0.2%

Jobs created 3,300 0.5% 0.6%

New businesses 520 11.6% 15.0%

Productivity growth - -1.0% -0.4%

Source: ONS, Cambridge Econometrics.

Worth £5.2bn and accounting for 81,300 high-value jobs (according to official statistics -
see Table 1 above), Leicester and Leicestershire has the 7th highest specialism in advanced
manufacturing and engineering in England (ranked by location quotient out of 38 LEP
areas).
Recent growth has been employment-led, with 3,300 additional jobs created since
2010. Accompanying productivity growth however has been subdued, contracting by 1%
p.a. (2.5 times slower than the UK average), pulling down headline GVA growth (-£240m).
Resultantly, productivity in the sector has dropped 8% below the UK average. At the
start of the decade, sectoral productivity in the LLEP area had been in line with the UK
average. This gap is estimated to be costing the sector some £400m of potential growth.

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
The sector comprises over 5,000 local businesses, of which three-quarters are ‘micro’-
sized (employing <9 people). An additional 520 manufacturing businesses have been
established since 2010.

Additional evidence and research

Additional indicators and research on the sector in Leicester and Leicestershire show:
• Local producers exported £3.4bn of goods in 2019, HMRC research found, though on
a per worker basis this was 35% lower than the UK average. 54% of goods exports
were to the EU
• Over 2014-17, the ONS found Leicestershire exhibited the 11th highest incidence of
‘high growth’ manufacturing firms in England (ranked out of 38 LEP areas)
• The sector helps drive £690m of R&D spend in Leicestershire, according to Eurostat,
though as a proportion of total GDP (1.2%) this is lower than the UK average (1.7%),
and below the UK Governments target of 2.4%
• BEIS estimates the sector has helped reduce industrial CO2 emissions by 44% in
Leicestershire since 2005, a faster decrease than the East Midlands average (37%)

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Spatial structure and clusters

The sector is well represented across Leicestershire, particularly to the west of the county
around the M1 and M69 corridors, as Figure 1 below shows. East Midlands Airport, and its
aviation and logistics-related cluster is notable to the north, whilst MIRA Technology Park
and associated automotive and scientific/R&D activity is evident around Hinckley.
Figure 1: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering clusters in Leicester and Leicestershire

Source: ONS, Cambridge Econometrics.

Reflecting its industrial heritage, Leicester also retains a sizeable share of

manufacturing activity, particularly within food, drink and textiles. According to the Centre
for Cities, of 64 UK cities Leicester has the 12th highest concentration of manufacturing
activity. Market towns such as Coalville, Loughborough, Melton and Ashby also retain
notable clusters, often reflecting local specialisms and assets.

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Industry structure and specialisms

Leicester and Leicestershire has a diverse and resilient manufacturing base, represented
by some internationally-recognised and growing specialisms, as Figure 2 below shows:
• Textiles, clothing and footwear - 12,900 jobs, £760m GVA: a large and fast-growing
activity, has created more jobs than any other manufacturing discipline since 2010
• Motorcycles and bicycles - 1,000 jobs: has doubled its workforce over the past
decade, and is the most specialised activity - across all sectors - in Leicestershire
• Food products - 12,800 jobs, £870m GVA: also highly specialised, with particular
strengths in confectionary, snacks, beverages and prepared meals
• Construction materials and machinery - 7,700 jobs, £460m GVA
• Office and household furniture and equipment/appliances - 3,400 combined jobs
• Aviation, aerospace and satellite technology - 2,600 jobs; has more than doubled
in size over the past decade
• Advanced metals and fabrication - 7,500 jobs, £430m
Figure 2: Local specialisms and growth within Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Source: ONS, Cambridge Econometrics. Note: Size of bubbles relate to size of activity (in jobs
terms). Bubbles above the blue horizontal indicate a specialism. Bubbles to the right of the blue
vertical indicate growth (in jobs terms).

Sector prospects in Leicester and Leicestershire

Economic impact and recovery from Covid-19 and Brexit
The Covid-19 pandemic and the end of the EU transition present significant challenges
but also some opportunities for the sector. During a difficult 2020, GVA losses could total
£410m locally, though this will be inconsistent within the sector e.g. the market for

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
pharmaceuticals/medicinal could be buoyant, in contrast to automotive and aerospace. As
Table 2 below shows, the contraction could be marginally more severe in Leicestershire
compared to the UK average.
From 2021 onwards, there is the potential for a robust recovery, with post-Covid rates of
growth expected to be 3 times faster than the previous decade, driven by stronger
productivity growth and higher research intensity, with automation and digitisation further
accelerated post-pandemic. The £780m of potential growth by 2030 will more than offset the
losses of 2020.
Table 2: Covid-19 impacts and recovery prospects for the Advanced Manufacturing and
Engineering sector in Leicester and Leicestershire

Forecasted Covid-19 impact (2020)

Value, 2020 % change % change (UK

average)

GVA impact (£m) -412 -7.9% -7.7%

Jobs impact -800 -1.0% -1.6%

Productivity impact - -7.0% -6.2%

Forecasted Covid-19 recovery (2021-30)

Value, 2021-30 % change p.a. % change p.a. (UK

average)

Real GVA growth (£m) 783 1.5% 1.8%

Jobs created -3,300 -0.4% -0.3%

Productivity growth - 2.0% 2.2%

Source: Cambridge Econometrics Spring 2021 Forecasts.

Employment is forecast to continue along its longer-term (pre-Covid/Brexit) decline,

with 3,300 fewer people working in the sector by 2030. Yet with an aging workforce, reduced
migrant labour and sectoral shifting, demand for employment will continue to be strong;
UKCES expects because of such replacement demand, across the East Midlands region,
approximately 53,800 manufacturing roles will need to be filled over the next 5 years.

Skills needs and challenges

The sector will increasingly rely on technical, STEM-based skills – to operate advanced
and digitised machinery and production processes – as well as softer and interpersonal skills,
alongside management aptitude – to manage and oversee complex supply chains and
greater employee autonomy – according to research by UCKES.
As part of this research, they expect that almost half (44%) of the East Midlands
manufacturing workforce will require higher-level (QCF4+, typically STEM-based)
qualifications by 2024, up from just a quarter a decade ago.
Uncertainty relating to the availability of migrant labour could also push up demand for
lower-skilled, manual-based roles, whilst the sector has the potential to continue providing

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
good, well-paid opportunities for those without higher-level qualifications, particularly
through vocational and technical training routes.
If the supply for such skills and qualifications are not forthcoming, already high skills
shortages and gaps could be exacerbated in the sector; according to the 2019 UK Employer
Skills Survey, 14% of manufacturers in Leicester and Leicestershire experienced skills
shortages, with almost three-quarters (70%) of local vacancies in the sector hard-to-fill - the
highest of any sector.

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Appendix A: Sector definition and sources

Data has primarily been sourced from Cambridge Econometrics LEFM. For a full and detailed
overview of definitions, sources and forecasting methodology, please refer to the Technical
Summary report accompanying this profile.
The sector has been defined using 5-digit Standard Industrial Classifications (SICs), detailed
as follows. These have been informed by government and/or industry recommended
definitions, and aim to capture as much of the sectors value chain as possible:
10110: Processing and preserving of meat
10120: Processing and preserving of poultry meat
10130: Production of meat and poultry meat products
10200: Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs
10310: Processing and preserving of potatoes
10320: Manufacture of fruit and vegetable juice
10390: Other processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
10410: Manufacture of oils and fats
10420: Manufacture of margarine and similar edible fats
10511: Liquid milk and cream production
10512: Butter and cheese production
10519: Manufacture of milk products (other than liquid milk and cream, butter, cheese) nec
10520: Manufacture of ice cream
10611: Grain milling
10612: Manufacture of breakfast cereals and cereals-based foods
10620: Manufacture of starches and starch products
10710: Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes
10720: Manufacture of rusks and biscuits; manufacture of preserved pastry goods and cakes
10730: Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products
10810: Manufacture of sugar
10821: Manufacture of cocoa, and chocolate confectionery
10822: Manufacture of sugar confectionery
10831: Tea processing
10832: Production of coffee and coffee substitutes
10840: Manufacture of condiments and seasonings
10850: Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes
10860: Manufacture of homogenised food preparations and dietetic food
10890: Manufacture of other food products nec
10910: Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals
10920: Manufacture of prepared pet foods
11010: Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits
11020: Manufacture of wine from grape
11030: Manufacture of cider and other fruit wines
11040: Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages
11050: Manufacture of beer
11060: Manufacture of malt
11070: Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters
12000: Manufacture of tobacco products
13100: Preparation and spinning of textile fibres
13200: Weaving of textiles
13300: Finishing of textiles

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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
13910: Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics
13921: Manufacture of soft furnishings
13922: Manufacture of canvas goods, sacks etc
13923: Manufacture of household textiles (other than soft furnishings of 13921)
13931: Manufacture of woven or tufted carpets and rugs
13939: Manufacture of carpets and rugs (other than woven or tufted) nec
13940: Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting
13950: Manufacture of non-wovens and articles made from non-wovens, except apparel
13960: Manufacture of other technical and industrial textiles
13990: Manufacture of other textiles nec
14110: Manufacture of leather clothes
14120: Manufacture of workwear
14131: Manufacture of men's outerwear, other than leather clothes and workwear
14132: Manufacture of women's outerwear, other than leather clothes and workwear
14141: Manufacture of men's underwear
14142: Manufacture of women's underwear
14190: Manufacture of other wearing apparel and accessories
14200: Manufacture of articles of fur
14310: Manufacture of knitted and crocheted hosiery
14390: Manufacture of other knitted and crocheted apparel
15110: Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur
15120: Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness
15200: Manufacture of footwear
16100: Sawmilling and planing of wood
16210: Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels
16220: Manufacture of assembled parquet floors
16230: Manufacture of other builders' carpentry and joinery
16240: Manufacture of wooden containers
16290: Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting
materials
17110: Manufacture of pulp
17120: Manufacture of paper and paperboard
17211: Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard; manufacture of sacks and bags of paper
17219: Manufacture of paper and paperboard containers other than sacks and bags
17220: Manufacture of household and sanitary goods and of toilet requisites
17230: Manufacture of paper stationery
17240: Manufacture of wallpaper
17290: Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard
18110: Printing of newspapers
18121: Manufacture of printed labels
18129: Printing (other than printing of newspapers and printing on labels and tags) nec
18130: Pre-press and pre-media services
18140: Binding and related services
18201: Reproduction of sound recording
18202: Reproduction of video recording
18203: Reproduction of computer media
19100: Manufacture of coke oven products
19201: Mineral oil refining
19209: Other treatment of petroleum products (excluding mineral oil refining petrochemicals
manufacture)
20110: Manufacture of industrial gases
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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
20120: Manufacture of dyes and pigments
20130: Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals
20140: Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals
20150: Manufacture of fertilisers and nitrogen compounds
20160: Manufacture of plastics in primary forms
20170: Manufacture of synthetic rubber in primary forms
20200: Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products
20301: Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, mastics and sealants
20302: Manufacture of printing ink
20411: Manufacture of soap and detergents
20412: Manufacture of cleaning and polishing preparations
20420: Manufacture of perfumes and toilet preparations
20510: Manufacture of explosives
20520: Manufacture of glues
20530: Manufacture of essential oils
20590: Manufacture of other chemical products nec
20600: Manufacture of man-made fibres
21100: Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products
21200: Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations
22110: Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres
22190: Manufacture of other rubber products
22210: Manufacture of plastic plates, sheets, tubes and profiles
22220: Manufacture of plastic packing goods
22230: Manufacture of builders� ware of plastic
22290: Manufacture of other plastic products
23110: Manufacture of flat glass
23120: Shaping and processing of flat glass
23130: Manufacture of hollow glass
23140: Manufacture of glass fibres
23190: Manufacture and processing of other glass, including technical glassware
23200: Manufacture of refractory products
23310: Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags
23320: Manufacture of bricks, tiles and construction products, in baked clay
23410: Manufacture of ceramic household and ornamental articles
23420: Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures
23430: Manufacture of ceramic insulators and insulating fittings
23440: Manufacture of other technical ceramic products
23490: Manufacture of other ceramic products
23510: Manufacture of cement
23520: Manufacture of lime and plaster
23610: Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes
23620: Manufacture of plaster products for construction purposes
23630: Manufacture of ready-mixed concrete
23640: Manufacture of mortars
23650: Manufacture of fibre cement
23690: Manufacture of other articles of concrete, plaster and cement
23700: Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone
23910: Production of abrasive products
23990: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products nec
24100: Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys
24200: Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow profiles and related fittings, of steel
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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
24310: Cold drawing of bars
24320: Cold rolling of narrow strip
24330: Cold forming or folding
24340: Cold drawing of wire
24410: Precious metals production
24420: Aluminium production
24430: Lead, zinc and tin production
24440: Copper production
24450: Other non-ferrous metal production
24460: Processing of nuclear fuel
24510: Casting of iron
24520: Casting of steel
24530: Casting of light metals
24540: Casting of other non-ferrous metals
25110: Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures
25120: Manufacture of doors and windows of metal
25210: Manufacture of central heating radiators and boilers
25290: Manufacture of other tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal
25300: Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers
25400: Manufacture of weapons and ammunition
25500: Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy
25610: Treatment and coating of metals
25620: Machining
25710: Manufacture of cutlery
25720: Manufacture of locks and hinges
25730: Manufacture of tools
25910: Manufacture of steel drums and similar containers
25920: Manufacture of light metal packaging
25930: Manufacture of wire products, chain and springs
25940: Manufacture of fasteners and screw machine products
25990: Manufacture of other fabricated metal products nec
26110: Manufacture of electronic components
26120: Manufacture of loaded electronic boards
26200: Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment
26301: Manufacture of telegraph and telephone apparatus and equipment
26309: Manufacture of communication equipment (other than telegraph and telephone apparatus and
equipment)
26400: Manufacture of consumer electronics
26511: Manufacture of electronic instruments and appliances for measuring, testing, and navigation,
except industrial process control equipment
26512: Manufacture of electronic industrial process control equipment
26513: Manufacture of non-electronic instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and
navigation, except industrial process control equipment
26514: Manufacture of non-electronic industrial process control equipment
26520: Manufacture of watches and clocks
26600: Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment
26701: Manufacture of optical precision instruments
26702: Manufacture of photographic and cinematographic equipment
26800: Manufacture of magnetic and optical media
27110: Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers
27120: Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus
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 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
27200: Manufacture of batteries and accumulators
27310: Manufacture of fibre optic cables
27320: Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables
27330: Manufacture of wiring devices
27400: Manufacture of electric lighting equipment
27510: Manufacture of electric domestic appliances
27520: Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances
27900: Manufacture of other electrical equipment
28110: Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines
28120: Manufacture of fluid power equipment
28131: Manufacture of pumps
28132: Manufacture of compressors
28140: Manufacture of other taps and valves
28150: Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
28210: Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners
28220: Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment
28230: Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment)
28240: Manufacture of power-driven hand tools
28250: Manufacture of non-domestic cooling and ventilation equipment
28290: Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery nec
28301: Manufacture of agricultural tractors
28302: Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery (other than agricultural tractors)
28410: Manufacture of metal forming machinery
28490: Manufacture of other machine tools
28910: Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy
28921: Manufacture of machinery for mining
28922: Manufacture of earthmoving equipment
28923: Manufacture of equipment for concrete crushing and screening roadworks
28930: Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing
28940: Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production
28950: Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard production
28960: Manufacture of plastics and rubber machinery
28990: Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery nec
29100: Manufacture of motor vehicles
29201: Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles (except caravans)
29202: Manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers
29203: Manufacture of caravans
29310: Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles
29320: Manufacture of other parts and accessories for motor vehicles
30110: Building of ships and floating structures
30120: Building of pleasure and sporting boats
30200: Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock
30300: Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery
30400: Manufacture of military fighting vehicles
30910: Manufacture of motorcycles
30920: Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages
30990: Manufacture of other transport equipment nec
31010: Manufacture of office and shop furniture
31020: Manufacture of kitchen furniture
31030: Manufacture of mattresses
31090: Manufacture of other furniture
Compiled on behalf of the LLEP by Cambridge Econometrics
15
 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering
32110: Striking of coins
32120: Manufacture of jewellery and related articles
32130: Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles
32200: Manufacture of musical instruments
32300: Manufacture of sports goods
32401: Manufacture of professional and arcade games and toys
32409: Manufacture of games and toys (other than professional and arcade games and toys) nec
32500: Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
32910: Manufacture of brooms and brushes
32990: Other manufacturing nec
33110: Repair of fabricated metal products
33120: Repair of machinery
33130: Repair of electronic and optical equipment
33140: Repair of electrical equipment
33150: Repair and maintenance of ships and boats
33160: Repair and maintenance of aircraft and spacecraft
33170: Repair and maintenance of other transport equipment
33190: Repair of other equipment
33200: Installation of industrial machinery and equipment
35210: Manufacture of gas
58110: Book publishing
58120: Publishing of directories and mailing lists
58130: Publishing of newspapers
58141: Publishing of learned journals
58142: Publishing of consumer, business and professional journals and periodicals
58190: Other publishing activities
61300: Satellite telecommunications activities
61900: Other telecommunications activities
64202: Activities of production holding companies
71121: Engineering design activities for industrial process and production
71122: Engineering related scientific and technical consulting activities
71129: Other engineering activities (not including engineering design for industrial process and
production or engineering related scientific and technical consulting activities)
71200: Technical testing and analysis
72110: Research and experimental development on biotechnology
72190: Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering

Compiled on behalf of the LLEP by Cambridge Econometrics

16
 Sector profile: Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering

Compiled on behalf of the LLEP by Cambridge Econometrics

17