TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTEOF THE

PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora BLVD. Cubao, Quezon City

CE 408
Transportation Engineering

CEC32S3

REPORT # 1:
Introduction to Transportation System Facilities

Isiah Vanjay L. Araña

The transportation system in the Philippines consists of various
facilities that cater to land, air, and sea travel. These facilities are
essential for the movement of people and goods across the country's
archipelagic geography.

Road Transportation Facilities

1. Expressways and Highways: A highway is a public road,

especially an important road that joins cities or towns together. It
can be used for both rural and urban roads, but usually refers to a
main or direct road. Major toll roads like the North Luzon
Expressway (NLEX), South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), Metro
Manila Skyway, and Cebu-Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX)
facilitate fast travel between regions.

2. National Roads: The Philippine Highway Network includes

national roads like AH26 (Pan-Philippine Highway/Maharlika
Highway) that connects Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

3. Bridges: is a structure built to span a physical obstacle, such as a

river, road, or railway, without blocking the path underneath. It
provides passage over the obstacle, which is usually something
that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. Bridges can also
symbolize connections or transitions. Notable bridges include San
 Juanico Bridge (connecting Samar and Leyte) and the
Mactan-Mandaue Bridge in Cebu.

Public Transport Facilities

4. Bus Terminals: Bus Interchanges and Bus Terminals are public

transport facilities that are used as terminating points for bus
routes, serving as key transport nodes that support the commuting
needs of their localities. Major terminals include PITX
(Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange), Araneta City
Bus Port, and North Luzon Express Terminal.

5. Jeepney Stops and Terminals: Jeepneys that have designated

terminals so you may simply queue and board there. You may also
wait at jeepney stops, or at any allowed points along the route of
the jeepney you need to ride. Just hail the jeepney and then move
quickly once it stops for you. Jeepneys remain a major mode of
transportation, with designated stops in urban centers.
6. UV Express Terminals: Utility Vehicle (UV) Express (formerly
known as FX, Metered Taxi, and GT or Garage-to-Terminal
Express) is a license to operate utility vehicles, particularly vans,
as an alternative mode of public transportation in the Philippines.
The term also refers to the vehicles themselves.Vans for short-to-
medium-distance travel operate from terminals like those in
Makati, Quezon City, and provincial areas.

Rail Transport Facilities

7. Metro Rail Transit (MRT-3): are the most efficient and reliable
form of public transportation in Manila. It is an underground rapid
transit system with 13 stations that stretch across the length of
the city.Runs along EDSA, serving Metro Manila commuters.
8. Light Rail Transit (LRT-1 and LRT-2): is a form of urban rail
public transportation that uses lightweight rail cars on dedicated
tracks. It generally has lower capacity and speed than heavy rail
and metro systems, but higher capacity and speed than traditional
street-running tram systems. Connects major areas such as
Baclaran, Quezon City, and Rizal.

9. Philippine National Railways (PNR): is a state-owned railway

company in the Philippines which operates one commuter rail
service between Laguna and Quezon, and local services between
Sipocot, Naga and Legazpi in the Bicol Region. It is an attached
agency of the Department of Transportation. Provides commuter
and long-distance rail service in Luzon.

10.Upcoming Projects: Metro Manila Subway, North-South

 Commuter Railway (NSCR), and Mindanao Railway Project:
The mass transport project, which stretches across 26 cities and
municipalities within the three regions of Central Luzon, National
Capital Region and CALABARZON, is expected to serve over a
million passengers daily.

Air Transportation Facilities

International Airports:

11.Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) – is the main

international airport serving Metro Manila in the Philippines.
Located between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque, about 7
kilometers (4.3 mi) south of Manila proper and southwest of
Makati, it is the main gateway for travelers to the Philippines and
serves as a hub for PAL Express and Philippine Airlines. It is also
the main operating base for AirSWIFT, Cebgo, Cebu Pacific, and
Philippines AirAsia. Manila’s main international gateway.
12.Mactan-Cebu International Airport (MCIA) – it serves as the
main gateway to the Central Visayas region in the Philippines.
Located on a 797-hectare (1,970-acre) site in Lapu-Lapu City on
Mactan, it is the second busiest airport in the Philippines. Opened
on April 27, 1966, the airport serves as a hub for Philippine
Airlines, and as an operating base for Cebu Pacific, Philippines
AirAsia, and Sunlight Air.

13.Clark International Airport (CRK) – is an international airport

covering portions of the cities of Angeles and Mabalacat within the
Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone in the province of
Pampanga, Philippines. It is located 80 kilometers (50 mi)
northwest of Manila. It is accessible by way of the Subic–Clark–
Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX).

14.Davao International Airport – is the main airport serving Davao

City and Davao Region in the Philippines. Serving as the main
gateway to Mindanao, it is the busiest airport on the island and the
third busiest in the Philippines in 2022.
Domestic Airports: Over 40 airports cater to inter-island flights,
including Iloilo, Bacolod, Tacloban, and Cagayan de Oro airports.

Water Transportation Facilities

Major Ports:

15.Port of Manila – refers to the collective facilities and terminals

that process maritime trade function in harbors in Metro Manila.
Located in the Port Area and Tondo districts of Manila, facing
Manila Bay, it is the largest and the premier international shipping
gateway to the country. The Philippine Ports Authority, a
government-owned corporation, manages the Port of Manila and
most of the public ports in the country. It is composed of 3 major
facilities, namely Manila North Harbor, Manila South Harbor, and
the Manila International Container Terminal.

16.Port of Batangas – Important for RORO (roll-on/roll-off) ferry

transport.locally known as the Batangas Pier (Tagalog: Pantalan
ng Batangas) is a seaport in Barangay Santa Clara, Batangas City
primarily serving the Calabarzon region of the Philippines. The
seaport covers an area of about 150 hectares. It was declared as a
national port in 1956. It serves as an alternate port to the Port of
Manila. In the 1990s, it was the second biggest port in the
 Philippines in terms of revenue, just behind the Port of Manila.

17.Port of Cebu – Known as the “Queen City of the South,” Cebu

lives up to its title with the Port of Cebu, the largest domestic port
in the Philippines. Managed by the Cebu Port Authority, this
bustling hub serves the Metro Cebu area and plays a vital role in
connecting the Visayas, Mindanao, and Luzon regions.

18.Davao, Cagayan de Oro, and Iloilo ports – is one of the ten (10)
major hub ports of the Philippines. Dubbed as the Global Gateway
to Mindanao, its strategic location makes it the entry and exit
point of goods and passengers to and forth the City of Cagayan de
Oro and the hinterlands of Mindanao, and the neighboring island
provinces of Luzon and Visayas regions. In the global scene, this
28-hectare port serves as an important transport hub for goods
to/from China, Vietnam, Australia, Singapore, Pakistan, and the
USA, among others.
Ferry Terminals:

19.RORO ports for inter-island travel under the Nautical Highway

System:
also the Road Roll-on/Roll-off Terminal System (RRTS) or simply the
RoRo System, is an integrated network of highway and vehicular ferry
routes which forms the backbone of a nationwide vehicle transport
system in the Philippines. It is a system of roads and ports developed
by the Philippine government to connect the major islands of Luzon,
the Visayas and Mindanao. The 919-kilometer (571 mi) nautical
highway was opened to the public on April 12, 2003 as the Strong
Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH).
20.Fast ferry services: These ferries are used for short to medium
distances. These fast, air-conditioned vessels provide transport
between the larger islands of the Philippines. They provide faster
travel and modern amenities and as a result have a higher ticket
price. Examples are OceanJet and 2GO.

Active Transport Facilities

21.Bicycle Lanes: The country’s bike lane network is expected to

reach 2,400 kilometers in 2028 as the Department of
Transportation (DOTr) pushes for an active transport program
seen to benefit cyclists, commuters, and other road users.
Basically it expanded the bike lane networks in Metro Manila,
Cebu, and Davao.

22.Pedestrian Walkways: is a hard-surfaced path for pedestrians

alongside and a little higher than a road. It is a pathway made of a
hard, stable surface and which is kept clear of debris, snow and
 ice to facilitate the movement of pedestrians. Elevated walkways
like EDSA Greenways Project.

Future Developments

23.Mega Manila Subway: is an under-construction underground

rapid transit line in Metro Manila, Philippines. The 33-kilometer
(21 mi) line, which will run north–south between Valenzuela,
Quezon City, Pasig, Taguig, Parañaque and Pasay, consists of 17
stations between the East Valenzuela and Bicutan stations. It will
become the country's second direct airport rail link after the
North–South Commuter Railway, with a branch line to Ninoy
Aquino International Airport. (First subway system in the country).

24.Bulacan International Airport: is an international airport under

construction on the coastal areas of Bulakan, Bulacan, 35 km (22
mi) north of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. The project was
proposed by the San Miguel Corporation (SMC) and is set to help
decongest Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), the main
gateway to the capital for air travelers.(New major airport to
decongest NAIA).
25.Expanded Expressways and Bridges: Project NECEBOLEY to
connect the 4 major islands of Negros Oriental, Cebu, Bohol and
Southern Leyte in Visayas through all-weather bridges and
expressways network.(Cebu-Bohol Bridge, Panguil Bay Bridge).