November 2014

DIN 28091-2
D
ICS 23.040.80 Supersedes
DIN 28091­2:1995­09

Technical delivery conditions for gasket sheets –

Part 2: Requirements and testing for fibre­based gasket materials (FA),
English translation of DIN 28091-2:2014-11

Technische Lieferbedingungen für Dichtungsplatten –

Teil 2: Anforderungen und Prüfung für Dichtungswerkstoffe auf Basis von Fasern (FA),
Englische Übersetzung von DIN 28091-2:2014-11
Spécifications techniques pour plaques isolantes –
Partie 2: Exigences et essais pour matériaux d’étanchéité à base de fibres (FA),
Traduction anglaise de DIN 28091-2:2014-11
Normen-Download-Beuth-Tatyana Mladenova-KdNr.8365732-LfNr.10827804001-2023-10-24 15:21

Document comprises 6 pages

Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.
In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.

© No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission of

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,
has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
www.din.de
www.beuth.de
!%C%k"
02.16 2320272
 DIN 28091-2:2014-11

A comma is used as the decimal marker.

Contents
Page

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................................ 4
3 Requirements............................................................................................................................................................ 4
4 Testing ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.2 Cold compression set εKSW, εKSWk ...................................................................................................................... 5
4.3 Compression set at elevated temperature εWSW/T, εWSWk/T..................................................................... 5
4.4 Determination of leak rate λ ............................................................................................................................... 5
5 Material ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 Main components .................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2 Material designation system ............................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Designation for ordering ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Normen-Download-Beuth-Tatyana Mladenova-KdNr.8365732-LfNr.10827804001-2023-10-24 15:21

2
 DIN 28091-2:2014-11

Foreword
This document (DIN 28091-2:2014) has been prepared by Working Committee NA 082-00-16 AA Flansche
und ihre Verbindungen of the DIN-Normenausschuss Rohrleitungen und Dampfkesselanlagen (NARD)
(DIN Standards Committee Piping and Boiler Plant).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. DIN [and/or DKE] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

DIN 28091 consists of the following parts under the general title Technical delivery conditions for gasket
sheets:

 Part 1: General requirements for gasket materials

 Part 2: Requirements and testing for fibre-based gasket materials (FA)

 Part 3: Requirements and testing for PTFE-based gasket materials (TF)

 Part 4: Requirements and testing for expanded graphite-based gasket materials (GR)

Amendments

This standard differs from DIN 28091-2:1995-09 as follows:

a) normative references have been updated;

b) short-term test values in accordance with DIN 28090-2 have been added;

c) non-relevant properties (recovery, compressive creep strength, resistance to chemicals) have been
deleted;

d) the standard has been editorially revised.

Normen-Download-Beuth-Tatyana Mladenova-KdNr.8365732-LfNr.10827804001-2023-10-24 15:21

Previous editions

DIN 28091-2: 1995-09

3
 DIN 28091-2:2014-11

1 Scope
This standard specifies requirements and methods of testing for compressed fibre-based gasket
materials (FA).

This standard, in conjunction with DIN 28091-1, applies to gasket sheets based on compressed fibre
materials (FA) and the gaskets produced from such materials. Gaskets produced using other methods can
also be tested according to this standard.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
DIN 28090-2, Static gaskets for flange connections — Gaskets made from sheets — Part 2: Special test
procedures for quality assurance
DIN 28091-1:2014-11, Technical delivery conditions for gasket sheets — Part 1: General requirements for
gasket materials
DIN ISO 1629, Rubber and latices — Nomenclature

3 Requirements
Table 1 contains requirements for gasket sheets based on compressed fibre materials (FA).
Table 1 — Requirements
Item
Property Unit Requirements
No.
3.1 Appearance of the surface — The material shall be free of cracks,
delamination, indentations, grooves or
clusters. Its thickness shall not exceed the
limit deviations given in Table 1 of
DIN 28091-1:2014-11. Given the wide variety
of possible defects, comparison with reference
specimens need to be agreed upon.
3.2 Density as in DIN 28090-2 g/cm3 To be specified by the supplier.
Normen-Download-Beuth-Tatyana Mladenova-KdNr.8365732-LfNr.10827804001-2023-10-24 15:21

Tolerances ± 5 %
3.3 Cold compression set εKSW as in % 4 to 20
DIN 28090-2 (long-term test)
3.4 Cold compression set εKSWk as in % To be specified by the supplier (optional)
DIN 28090-2 (short-term test)
3.5 Recovery at ambient % To be specified by the supplier
temperature εKRW as in DIN 28090-2
3.6 Compression set at elevated % ≤ 30
temperature εWSW/T as in
DIN 28090-2 (long-term test)
3.7 Compression set at elevated % To be specified by the supplier (optional)
temperature εWSWk/T as in
DIN 28090-2 (short-term test)
3.8 Leak rate λ as in DIN 28090-2 mg/(s ⋅ m) λ 2,0 ≤ 0,1

4
 DIN 28091-2:2014-11

4 Testing
4.1 General

The specimen sheet should be 2 mm thick.

4.2 Cold compression set εKSW, εKSWk

Choose a preload that will result in a compressive stress of 1,0 MPa being reached. The main load FHK shall
produce a compressive stress of 35 MPa (short-term test 50 MPa).

4.3 Compression set at elevated temperature εWSW/T, εWSWk/T

The test shall be carried out according to DIN 28090-2 at 200 °C (long-term test) or respectively at 300 °C
(short-term test). The main load FHW shall produce a compressive stress of 50 MPa.

NOTE The maximum testing temperature in particular does not allow conclusions to be drawn as to the continuous
service temperature of a given gasket, which is normally well under 300 °C.

4.4 Determination of leak rate λ

For the determination of leak rate λ, see DIN 28090-2.

5 Material
5.1 Main components

Compressed fibre gasket materials (FA) are composite materials made from elastomer binders or a mixture
of elastomer binders which are reinforced by the inclusion of fibres, and fillers.

NOTE: Usually, the material is based on a composition of the following (by mass):

 fibres: 5 to 50 %

 binder: 10 to 30 %

 fillers: 10 to 85 %
Normen-Download-Beuth-Tatyana Mladenova-KdNr.8365732-LfNr.10827804001-2023-10-24 15:21

Gasket materials in accordance with this standard are to be designated according to 5.2. The material
designations indicate the fibre and binder components that have a decisive impact on the technical
properties.

Indication of the main fibre and binder components is optional. The order of the letters in the material
designation indicates the mass of fibre(s), binder(s) and filler(s) in decreasing percentage.

5
 DIN 28091-2:2014-11

5.2 Material designation system

The designation is based on the letter symbol FA (for compressed fibres), followed by the symbols given in
Table 2.

Table 2 — Symbols

Type of fibre Symbol Type of bindera Symbol Type of filler Symbol

Aramide A NBR 1 No fillers used O

Glass G SBR 2 Steel St
Carbon C NR 3 Nickel-chromium steel Cr
Mineral M IIR 4 Nickel Ni
Natural N Other Z Aluminium Al
Other Z Other Z
a Symbol as in DIN ISO 1629

EXAMPLE For structuring a material designation:

FA — A G 2 3 — Cr

According to Table 2, the symbols in this designation have the following meaning:

FA gasket material;

A type of fibre (main component);

G type of fibre (secondary component);

2 type of binder (main component);

3 type of binder (secondary component);

Cr type of filler.
Normen-Download-Beuth-Tatyana Mladenova-KdNr.8365732-LfNr.10827804001-2023-10-24 15:21

NOTE The components used do not permit conclusions to be drawn as to the performance of gasket materials.

5.3 Designation for ordering

EXAMPLE For structuring a material designation for ordering:

Gasket sheets DIN 28091 — Dimensions — FA — A G 2 3 — Cr — Name of manufacturer — Type