LAQ>1. Mention any four characteristics of development.

Ans) There are four characteristics of development-

1)different people have different developmental goals.

Ex:-students have goals like scoring more marks , sports , more freedom etc,. where as farmers have
goals like more production , mor income , better life for their children etc,.

2)what is development for one cannot be development for another but may be destruction to them.

Ex:-an management of a private company may want to increase the working hours for extra
production and income but it becomes destructive to workers as extra working hours may spoil their
health .

3)money is a important component of development but people also seek other aspects like –

Health , education , freedom , equality , security etc,.money is important but these aspects are also
important

Ex:-A billionare cannot buy heath even though he has and can spend a lot of money.

4)Development is a mixture of goals

Ex:-a farmer wants good income , good rainfall , good production , good health , secured life and
good education for his children

2. What are the development goals of the following :

(i) Labourer -the developmental goals for a labourer would be more days of work with better
wages ,quality education for their children and better living conditions.

(ii) Rich Farmer – a rich famer would want better labourers, better fertilizers and good rainfall

(iii) Trader- a trader would want better road conditions and transportation facilities

3. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the other’. Explain by giving

examples.

Ans)what may be development for one may not be development for others but may be destructive
to them.

Ex.1-the manager of a company may want to increase the working hours for better production and
income but it would would be destructive to the workers as they may fall ill due to overworking .

4. ‘The development goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other

important things in life’ Explain.

Ans) ‘The development goals that people have are not only about better income but also about
other important things in life’ such as- education ,health , security , equality , freedom etc,.money is
important but these aspects are also important.

Ex:-a mutlimillonare cannot buy health even though he has a lot of money.
5. What is National development ? What are the aspects covered under the national development ?

Ans)1)the overall development of a country , all its citizens and all the communities of the country is
known as national development.

2)the government makes sure of development of the country by making various programmes and
policies.

3)the government also solves disputes among people and implements different welfare programmes

6. Distinguish between developed and under developed countries.

Ans)developed countries-countries which have per capita income of more than $12056 per annum
are called developed countries .the standard of living is high. the poverty levels are low ex- usa ,
Japan , uk etc,.

Underdeveloped countries-countries with per capita income of $955 or less per annum called
underdeveloped countries. the standard of living is low .the poverty levels are high. Ex:-nepal ,
pakisthan etc,.

7. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are

the limitations of this criterion ?

ans) the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries per capita per
income. the limitations of this criterion is that it does not tell us how the per capita income is
distributed among the county. As 2 counties may have the same per capita income but in one county
it may be evenly equally distributed but on the other country there may be huge difference between
rich and poor.

8. What are the limitations of the per capita income criteria of development?

Ans) 1)the limitations of this criterion is that it does not tell us how the per capita income is
distributed among the county. As 2 counties may have the same per capita income but in one county
it may be evenly equally distributed but on the other country there may be huge difference between
rich and poor.

2)It only takes economic aspect into consideration and leaves out social aspect.

9. ‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well’? Explain.

Ans) ‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well’ as The development
goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life
, such as- education ,health , security , equality , freedom etc,.money is important but these aspects
are also important.

Ex:-a mutlimillonare cannot buy health even though he has a lot of money.

Saudi arabia is a economically well developed country but has no freedom .(no rights to women)

10. Distinguish between human and economic development.(in cw)

11. What contributes to the human development ?

12. What is the importance of Human Development Index ? (HDI)

13. ‘Human Development is the essence of Social Development’. Explain.

Ans)1.using resources carefully without compromising the needs of present not at the sake of future
generations is known as sustainable development.

2.so we have to use the resources very carefully and pass it down to the next generations.

3.for this we need to use non renewable resources less frequently and use more renewable
resources like wind ,solar ,tidal energy.

15. Compare India and Srilanka on the basis of any three indicators of the Human Development

Index.
Ans) (1) Per capita income : The per capita income of Sri Lanka is higher than that of India. .
(2) Life expectancy at birth : Life expectancy at birth in Sri Lanka is also higher as compared to India.
(3) Literacy rate : Literacy rate in Sri Lanka is also higher than India.

Short Answer Type Questions :

16. What is Development ?

Ans)improvement in different conditions of life both economically and personally is known as

17. What is National Income ?

Ans) the total money value of all the goods and services produced in a country during one
financial year is known as national income.

18. Define the term ‘average income’.

Ans) the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population

19. What is Infant Mortality Rate ?

Ans) The infant mortality rate of number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births before
reaching the age of 1 .

20. What is Literacy rate ?

Ans) the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a
short simple statement about their everyday life is known as literacy rate.

21. Define Net attendance ratio.

Ans) Net attendance ratio is the total number of children in the age group of 6-10
attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. This
is also helpful to calculate the number of educated people among the same age
category. Such attendance ratio is required to know the educational status of the country

22. Which economic parameter is used to classify the countries into developed and under

developed?

Ans) Per capita income is the economic parameter to classify countries into developed or under
developed
23. Why Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate ?

Ans) Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and
educational facilities.

24. Expand UNDP.

Ans) United Nations Development Programme

25. State the criteria used to compare the different countries by the Human Development Report

published by the United Nations Development Programme.

Ans) he Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on

26. Which is the new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers & other

Social Scientists are working together.

Ans) sustainability development is the new area of knowledge in which scientists,

27. Mention two development goals of landless rural labourers.

Ans) a landless rural labourer would have developmental goals like regular job with better wages,
better education for their children, better living conditions and no social discrimination so that they
can also become the head of the village.

28. Why has Kerala a higher Human Development index than Maharashtra in spite of low per capita

income?

Ans) Kerala has a better human development ranking than Maharashtra in spite of lower per
capita income because of the following reasons: 1.Infant mortality rate is very low in kerela
whereas it is very high in maharastra.2 Literacy rate is almost 94% in Kerala while it is around
82% in Maharashtra

29. In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the

one used by the World Bank.

Ans) The criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one
used by the World Bank in the sense that it uses a combination of factors such as
health, education and income as indicators of development. It does not rely solely on
per capita income, as is the case with the World Bank

30. Why do we use Averages? Are there any limitations to their use ? Illustrate with your own

examples related to the development.

Ans) We use averages as they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same
category. There are limitations of calculating averages because this does not give any
information about the distribution of a thing between people. For example, the per
capita income does not show the distribution of income.