Development

1. .What is the most common indicator for measuring

economic development of a country?Ans: Per Capita
Income.

1. Why do some people oppose dams? Give one reason.

Ans: Because construction of dams disrupt the lives of people who has residence in such areas.

2. What other goal is included in the developmental goals besides having

better income?

Freedom, education, security and equal treatment.

3. What do you mean by per capital income?

Ans: Per capital income refers to income of a person of that particular nation.

4. What is the full form of IMR?

Ans: IMR stands for Infant Mortality Rate.

5. Write a main cause of high infant mortality rate.

Ans: Inadequate facilities of health is the main cause.

6. What do you mean by nation development?

Ans. National development refers to ability of a nation to improve standard of living of its
citizens.
 7. What was the literacy rate in Bihar in 2011? 64%

8. How can we compare different countries or state?

Ans: We can compare different countries or state on the basis of per capital income. 10

9. Write a reason of Kerala has low Infant Mortality Rate?

Ans: Kerala has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.

10. In terms of human development, which countries is ahead of India? Sri Lanka

11. When Underemployment is occurred?

Ans: Underemployment occurs when people are working less than what they are capable of
doing.

12 Write a component of Human Development Index?

Ans: Literacy rate is a component of Human Development Index.

13. Write a feature of developing country?

Ans: High technological development is a feature of developing country.

14. Who publishes Human Development Report?

Ans: United nation development programme.

15. Which areas of the world have the low reserves of crude oil? United
States of America

16. Who is considered as low-income countries?

Ans: Those with per capita income of US$ 1035 or less are called low-income countries.
17. What do you mean by Literacy Rate?

Ans: Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
18. What do you mean by Life expectancy at birth?

Ans: Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

19. How can we achieve the development goals of different sections of our
society? Democratic political process.

20. Why is the groundwater in India getting exhausted?

Ans: Due to overuse.

21. What is the meaning of development? Explain the two aspects of
development?

Ans: Development refers to progress or improvement in life style. Important aspects of

development are:
•Different persons can have different developmental goals.

•What may be development for one may not be development for the other.
It may even be destructive for others.

What is Sustainable Development? Why is the issue of sustainability

22.
important for development? Explain.

Ans: Sustainable Development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
•Economic development is a continuous process. Resources are to be used
in such a way that they are not exploited and should not harm the
environment.

•Resources should be maintained for the future generations.

23. Write the importance of human development index in three points.

Ans: Human Development Index is published by the UNDP.

•It indicates the level of development of a country.

•The report provide information about the different areas uch as education
levels, health status and literacy level of a country.
•It also provide information about the per capita income of a country.

24. Describe any three features of developed country.

Answer
•As per the World Bank Report 2016, any country with per capita income of
US$ 12,236 per annum and above is termed as rich or developed country.

•Such countries have high literacy rate.

•Most of the people of these countries are engaged in service sector.

25. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the
other.’ Explain by giving examples.

Answer
•Industrialists may want more dams to get more electricity. But this may
disrupt the lives of people who are displaced – such as tribals.

•A farmers wants to sell foodgrains at a higher price but a buyer wants to

purchase it at low prices.

•More wages means development for a worker, but employer would not like
to do so.

Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well.’
26.
Explain.

Answer
•Apart from money, the quality of our life also depends upon non-material
things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others, etc.

•Money cannot buy us a pollution free environment, unadulterated

medicines, peace, etc.

•It cannot provide a type of government which take decisions for the welfare
of the common people.

27.“Developmental goals are different for different people”. Explain the

statement with appropriate examples.
Answer same as Q25
28. Besides income, what can be the other attributes to compare economic
development?

Ans:
• Infant Mortality Rate: Low infant mortality rate indicates good medical
facilities and all round development in the society. A high rate will be an
economic loss for the region .

• Literacy Rate: Low literacy rate shows backwardness and slow the
pace of economic development.

• Life Expectancy: This is also an indicator of available health facilities.

Low life expectancy will be a challenge to economic development.

What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the
29.
national development?

Ans: National development means improvement in living standard of the people, increase in
per capita income, increase in literacy level, availability of health etc.
•A country does maximum utilisation of its limited resources.

•Such policies are implemented which would benefit a large number of

people.

•Countries focus more on social infrastructure which includes education,

health and other social services.

30. The issue of sustainability is important for development”. Explain.

•Resources remain continuously available for human use so that cycle of

development goes on.

•Reserves of mineral oil and ground water are depleting with a rapid pace.

•Conservation and preservation have become the need of the hour for the
coming generations.

31.Describe Public facility. Explain with an example to show how it contribute

in development.
Answer
Facilities which are provided by the government considered as public facility.
Like schools, hospitals, community halls, transport, electricity etc.

Example: We know that Haryana has more income than the average person
in Kerala but Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because of better public
system like, Public Distribution System which provide Health and nutritional
status to the state.

Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country?
32.
Explain any four public facilities.

Answer
No-one in the world can purchase pollution free environment with the help of
money. Public facility is provided by the government.

•Electricity, transport, school, hospital etc are the services provided by the
government.

•Some other type of facility like, public distribution system is also regulated
by the government.

•government provides goods at cheap rate by the help of fair shop to poor
people

33. What are the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying
different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer
The main criterion used by the World Bank is per capital income. It oIs
calculated by dividing total income of a country to total population of that
particular country. Because each country has different population rate, the
World Bank cannot take national income for classifying different countries.
There are some limitations of this criterion.

•We cannot compare other distribution of income for classifying different

countries.

•Other factors like literacy rate, Infant Mortality Rate etc. are also needed to
judge the development of a country. Therefore, only per capita income
should not be used to compare different countries.
•Education and literacy level are other indicators of development.

•Pollution free environment, less corruption, gender equality etc. are also
important.

34. Why do we use averages to compare the development of countries?

What are the limitations in using it? Explain.

Answer
Use of averages to compare development of countries:

•Averages are used for better understanding.

•For comparison between countries, total income is not very useful. As

different countries have different populations, so total income will not tell
us what an average person is likely to earn.

•According to the World Bank, countries with per capita income of US

$12236 per annum and above in 2016 are called rich countries, and those
below US $10305 per annum or less are poor.

The limitation of average income:

Average income does not depict how the income is distributed among the
people. Some may be very rich but the masses may be poor.

35. Explain
the importance of sustainable development by giving the example
of ground water.

Ans:
•Sustainable development is all about judicious use of resources at present
keeping in mind the future requirements of the coming generation.

•Ground water is over used for agriculture.

•Water is drawn from wells and this leaves the underground water-table
depleted.

•Since water is a renewable resource, we must help in replenishing water.

•We would be overusing the resources if use more than what is being
replenished.

36.Why Kerala has a better human development ranking than Haryana in

spite of lower per capita income?

Answer
Kerala has a better human development ranking than Haryana inspite of
lower per capita income because it has adequate provision of basic health
and educational facility. This results in:

•Lower mortality rate.

•Higher literacy rate.

•Gross Enrolment ratio is higher.