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Class 9 Science Motion Notes PDF

The document discusses various concepts related to motion, including position, distance, displacement, uniform and non-uniform motion, and acceleration. It explains the differences between scalar and vector quantities, provides examples of calculating distance and displacement, and introduces graphical representations of motion such as distance-time and velocity-time graphs. Additionally, it covers the classification of motion and acceleration, along with practical examples and problems to illustrate these concepts.

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45 views12 pages

Class 9 Science Motion Notes PDF

The document discusses various concepts related to motion, including position, distance, displacement, uniform and non-uniform motion, and acceleration. It explains the differences between scalar and vector quantities, provides examples of calculating distance and displacement, and introduces graphical representations of motion such as distance-time and velocity-time graphs. Additionally, it covers the classification of motion and acceleration, along with practical examples and problems to illustrate these concepts.

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7.4 Various Terms Related to Motion Position ‘The Ineatiam of an ebypect with respect ta particular pot ts kvown asthe atthe object. The particular potit Pasition of the objec. aia which the putin ofthe objet fs delied Is calle refvrence point ov origin, “Scalar and Vector Quantities | +A ppscal quantny whic ay nly magmstte, te. number isle scalar quantity, ey, max. tite, | tance spo + Appeal quantity hue as agua os well ae rection incall vector quantity. Distance time graph for uniform motion 154 Aillliwone science sth incronet clea tain eal i Fron the Pst 2 90 the objet core gine fapeed To calculate the sme graph, choose any sht line. From points 4 jculars AB and BC respectively, pe alee siwenclat AD on BC. The dita given bY Bc-CD =4)-5, _ abject 10 cOVEr this distangy the ‘pime taken ey ty =f) speed, v= Axio =(6, ~My —h) He ‘axiOt - Slope of distance-time graph, ie W) pistance-Time Graph for Non-unj distances in er travels unequal equal tase a ime, notion. 4 on-uniform motion is of 90 {Yes such ag the speed of the body inc at diane ta ‘vith positive slope as shown below Distance time graph for non-unitorm, Interpretation From the graph, it is clear that in equal i two seconds, the body is covering unequal this distance goes on increasing. That means, passage of time, the body is covering more distance in equal time, ie. the speed of the increasing. TT —— 2. Velocity-Time Graph Velocity-time graph shows how the velocity of a body Changes with passage of time. The slope of velocty-time raph gives the acceleration. To draw velocity-time graph, velocity of the body is plotted sont Y-axis and the time taken by the body is plotted along Nani {The area under velocity-time graph gives displacement. Velocity-time graphs under various conditions are explained as below (i) Velocity-Time Graph for a Body Moving with Constant Velocity When a body mos ‘uniform, then its ts motion is s with constant velocity, rity does not change with time Tine (0) Interpretation From the graph, itis clear that with the passage of time, there sno change in the velocity, ic, the body is moving with constant velocity. Calculation of distance or magnitude of displacement Let us calculate the distance or magnitude of the displacement of a body between time, and time, Draw perpendiculars AC and BD from the points corresponding to times, and times, on the graph. Now, AD = BC = velocity of the body CD=(t, - Thus, AD x CD Also, AD x CD = velocity x time = distance or magnitude of displacement ‘Thus, magnitude of displacement =area under velocity-time graph area of rectangle ABCD 156 — Allwane Science sth Time Graph for Uniformly i Neleferated Motion In uniformly accelerated motion, the vel aqua amount in equal interval of ime, In thi gy 8 velocity-time graph is a straight line passing Uhrough | origin Interpretation ‘The natute ofthe graph shows that velocity changes, ‘equal amounts in equal intervals of time, In equal of time, Le. 10 5, the change in velocity is 18 m/s, remains s constant. Thus, for all uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time graph is a straight line. Calculation of distance or magnitude of displacer ‘To determine the distance moved by the car from ity velocity-time graph. . TThe area under the velocity-time graph gives the digi (magnitude of displacement) moved by the car in a interval of time Therefore, S = Area of ABCDE = Area of the rectangle ABCD (iii) Velocity-Time Graph for Non-uniformly Accelerated Motion In non-uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time graphs can have any shape. Ifthe velocity changes non-uniformly, the velocity graph is a curve having increasing or decreasing slope. ve - graph for non-unifor et oe p! niformly accelerated motion pe clove en ION of Time (s) —+ Sol. (i) Velocity-time graph for the motion of the body is fed by the body after 25 sys that the velocity of a body (or object) va (ii) As we know, the distance m« 1. ormly with time st) vaste wares OARC! =2x2=4m 4, The velocity-time graph ‘Again distance covered by the body after 12.8 ynple of an ascendin, lift is shown in figure bel : = Area OAED + Area of ABEF y aes os + Area of DHGI-+ Area of AFHG 1 1 arn tordnsxB+6x 2 +2%2x4 e 2 2 aes | =20+ 204 12+4=56m Tn patisthe acceleration of the it iy drng the first two seconds? jnetween 2nd and 10th second? i auingte last two seconds? w case | From given graph, we b sat () € given graph, we have sor Change in velocity, A 1 I the distance-time graph of a particle is parallel to time then how much Is the velocity of the particle? The timo-distance graph of cyclist Is shown in the figure below Pe Distance (ken) —> tesa etek Time, \ re 6a) Acceleration, From the graph, find out average speed in the whole a journey. (Ans. 8 kin/b) (a) CaseTT Change in velocity, Av=4.6~ 4 fe 2 Give one similarity and one dissimilarity between the two mis, graphs: Time, At 34 ¥ 4 | a «Acceleration, = 97 =9° =0075 mis? q é Le (i) Case I] Change in velocity, Av =0 46 q i —lomis, 2 - ‘Time, At= 2 oe ime” rf ome (8 Acceleration, a, =——~ -2.3m/s? 4 The value of acceleration in the following graph is Negative sign shows retardation, Example 10. A body moves with a velocity of 2 m/s for 5s then its velocity increases uniformly to 10 m/s in next 65 There after, its velocity begins to decrease at a Uniform rate until it comes to rest after 5 s. {) Piota velocity-time graph for the motion of the body. (i) From the graph, find the total distance covered by the body after 2s and 12's. ol 8 Veloct OW m0 40 © Time (s) — [Ans ~125m/s5, negative sign for rtardatior Chapter 07: Motion 15 ® Given graphs represent the motion of two abjects P and @ hich of the objects has positive acceleration and which One has negative acceleration? 15 Velociy (mvs) Ou © Velocity-time graphs of two objects P and Q are as given below ol : : Time Time (6) (i) Object Q starts trom rest. (a) Tue (0) False (ii) Object Q has more velocity after 5s. (a)True (b) False 75 Equations of Motion Relation between velocity of the body, acceleration of the body and the distance travelled by the body in a particular time interval is known as equation of motion. ‘The three equations of motion are as given below Lveutat 2, seut+tar? 2 3. v? -u? =2as where, « is the initial velocity of the body, a is the uniform acceleration of the body, vis the final velocity of the body afier £ second and s is the distance travelled in this time. ‘ample 4. The brakes applied to a car produces an jeceleration of 4 m/s” in the opposite direction to the motion. If the car takes 3 s to stop after the application of brakes, calculate the distance it travels during this time. 158 Allin one Science 9th n, inal velocity, =O, Time,t= 3s, Sol. « ‘Acceleration, =A mis? i rom first equation of motion, ¥ =" + at i Substituting given values, we get Ou (Ax 3 > w=l2mis Prom second equation of motion, s=ut + (2)«) + ED" 1 ar sm 36-18 Thus, car covers the distance during time,t=35 4, Example 12. A motorbike accolerates uniform jg, 54 km/h to 72 km/h in 2s. Calculate (i) the acceleration and covered by the motorbike in tha ting (il) the distance clocity,u=54 km/h =54% > =15 myy velocity, =54 ki its Sol, (i) In kan/h =72 zt 20 mis Final velocity, v=72 km/h =72x 5 =20 mis From the first equation of motion, veutat r-u_ 20-15 ante 5 : celeration of motorbike,a = =25 mis (ii) The distance covered by the motorbike 1 1 sout+ at? 15244 .(2.5)x fs 2 2 y 3045=35m tion of the motorbike is 2.5 m/s” and the The acce distance covered is 35 m. Example 13. A train starting from rest attains a velocity of 90 km/h in 3 min. Assuming that the acceleration is uniform, find (i) the acceleration and (ii) the distance travelled by the train for attaining this velocity. Sol. Given, final velocity, v =90 km/h =90%5 /18 =25 mis Initial velocity, u=0, Time, =3 min = 360 =180 s (i) Acceleration. =? a=(v-u)/t {from first equation of motion} a= (25~0)/180= 5/ 36 m/s? (ii) From the third equation of motion, (25) 2x5 /36 ws04 Distance, s uniform Circular Motion moves in a circular path with objec mie uniform jue tyen ts motion i called uniform crelgy Ti be Fate object moves along a circular pa Fhe of motion Keeps changing eae seaity changes due to continuous change seq and thus motion along a crear ney sie accelerated path is «body takes one round of a circula a _ shea eavels a distance equal to its eee et ar, wheter i the radius ofthe creak” pa eed ofthe body movin «Then Ti, where is the time tal path and ris constant 8 in a circula path, me ken for one round of ee having value 22/7 “eafthe examples of uniform circular motion are * piece of stone tied to a thread a Grcle with a uniform speed. 4 The motion of blades of an electric fan around im the axle. ind rotated in a {u) The motion of the moon and the earth iy) satelite ina citcular orbit around the earth, (a) Acar moves on a circular path with constant speed. sample 14. The minute hand of a wal clock is {oem ong. Find its displacement and the distance ered from 10:00 am to 40:30 am, Given, Jength of the minute hand,1 =10.cm diameter = AOB =21 =20em Total distance covered by the minute hand =ACB=al =? 10cm = 3143 ‘The displacement of the minute hand is 20cm and distance is 31.43 cm ao 1A body is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. If it starts accelerating with the rate of 2.5 m/s”, Find out its velocity after 10s, 2 Fillin the blank Ifa car travels 50 m distance in 4 s with a acceleration of 5 m/s? then its initial speed is m/s. u A cyclist is moving with a speed of 14 m/s. He starts accelerating with a rate of 6 m/s? and acquires the speet 18 m/s. Calculate, what distance did he move in acauilrir speed? (Ans, Ifthe acceleration of the particle is constant in magnitut rot in direction, then what type of path does the particle follow? Ans. Chapter 07 ;

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