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Assignment_04_soln

The document contains solutions to various problems related to gas turbine engines for an ENRG 511 assignment. It includes calculations for propulsion and thermal efficiencies, takeoff thrust comparisons between turbojet and turbofan engines, and the impact of turbine inlet temperature on thrust specific fuel consumption. Additionally, it discusses optimizing bypass and fan pressure ratios for maximum efficiency.

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58 views6 pages

Assignment_04_soln

The document contains solutions to various problems related to gas turbine engines for an ENRG 511 assignment. It includes calculations for propulsion and thermal efficiencies, takeoff thrust comparisons between turbojet and turbofan engines, and the impact of turbine inlet temperature on thrust specific fuel consumption. Additionally, it discusses optimizing bypass and fan pressure ratios for maximum efficiency.

Uploaded by

x3bodyx507
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENRG 511 Turbomachinery, Sec 01, Term 2202 Instructor: Dr. Farooq Saeed
Assignment No. 4: Gas Turbine Engines (SOLUTION) Due Date: 24-03-2021

Instructions:
1. It is recommended that you solve these problems in MS Excel or MATLAB since they are
numerically intensive.
2. Attach your program or Excel worksheet if you used programming to arrive at the solution.

Problem 5.7: Estimate the propulsion and thermal efficiencies of a turbojet engine during subsonic
cruise. The flight Mach number is 0.8, and the ambient temperature is 225 K. The compressor
pressure ratio is 12, and the turbine inlet temperature is 1300 K. The respective adiabatic efficiencies
of the diffuser, compressor, turbine, and the nozzle are 0.92, 0.85, 0.85, and 0.95. The burner
stagnation pressure ratio is 0.97, and the average specific heat during and after combustion is 1.1
kJ/kgꞏK, and the average molecular weight is 29. (15 Marks)

Solution:

Problem 5.11: Compare the takeoff thrusts of two engines operating with the same core engine
airflow rate, compressor exit pressure (12 atm), and turbine inlet temperature (1500 K), and at the
same ambient pressure and temperature. One of them is a turbojet (bypass ratio equals zero) and one
has bypass ratio equal to 10 and fan pressure ratio 1.6. For convenience, neglect the effect of losses
in the compressor, burner, and turbine and make approximations associated with fuel-air ratio f << 1
and constant specific heat of the working fluid (with  = 1.4). Find the ratio of thrusts at takeoff, with
flight velocity u << ue, the exhaust velocity. (15 Marks)

Solution:
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Problem 5.13: Preliminary design calculations are being made for a turbofan engine with a bypass
ratio of 8:1.
Concept A has core engine exhaust and bypass streams separately expanding to different final
velocities. The bypass stream (after the fan) has stagnation pressure p0 = 0.16 MPa and stagnation
temperature T0 = 350 K. The core engine exhaust has stagnation temperature T0c = 700 K and the
same stagnation pressure as the bypass stream and f = 0.025.
Concept B would have the two streams mixing at constant pressure before expansion through
the same pressure ratio p0/pe, as in concept A.
Determine the ratio of takeoff thrusts (flight speed ≅ 0) of concepts B and A. Assume
ambient pressure of 0.1 MPa in the nozzle exhaust plane. The ratio of specific heats may be taken to
be 1.4 for both streams, as a first approximation. (20 Marks)

Solution:
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Problem 5.16. The performance results in Figs. 5.19 and 5.20 indicate that as the turbine inlet
temperature of a turbojet is raised (while its flight speed remains constant), the thrust specific fuel
consumption increases. Why should this be so? Consider the M = 0 case and assume that as the
turbine inlet temperature is raised from 1500 to 1700 K, the compressor pressure ratio remains at
20:1. Table 5.1 provides the component efficiencies. Estimate the change in TSFC for this change in
T04ꞏ (20 Marks)

Solution: REVISED
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The reason that the TSFC increases is that the energy content associated with the higher turbine inlet
temperatures is due to the increased fuel-to-air ratio required to provide that higher TIT temperatures.

Problem 5.20. A turbofan engine with bypass ratio B = 5 is to operate at the same core engine
pressure ratio and maximum temperature as prescribed in the previous problem. Determine the
specific thrust, the thrust specific fuel consumption, and the efficiencies for a fan pressure ratio prf =
1.5. The component efficiencies and ambient conditions are as given in Tables 5.1 and 5.2. If you
are using a spreadsheet for your calculations, explore the possibility of finding a combination of
bypass ratio and fan pressure ratio that maximizes the overall efficiency. (20 + 10 Marks)

Solution:

(20 Marks) For bypass ratio B = 5 and a fan pressure ratio prf = 1.5, the solution is as follows:
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(10 Marks) The combination of bypass ratio and fan pressure ratio that maximizes the overall
efficiency is:

Bypass ratio B = 10.5


Fan pressure ratio prf = 1.516635
Overall efficiency = 0.293 or 29.3%

Hint: Once you have setup all the calculation steps in a MS Excel worksheet, you can use the Solver
Add-in in the Data menu of MS Excel to perform the optimization.

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