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Introduction To 3D - Short Notes

Chapter 19 introduces the fundamentals of three-dimensional geometry, including the Cartesian coordinate system with x, y, and z axes. It explains how to calculate distances between points, find midpoints, and determine coordinates of points that divide line segments in specific ratios. The chapter also discusses the concept of octants and the coordinates of the centroid of a triangle in 3D space.

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6 views1 page

Introduction To 3D - Short Notes

Chapter 19 introduces the fundamentals of three-dimensional geometry, including the Cartesian coordinate system with x, y, and z axes. It explains how to calculate distances between points, find midpoints, and determine coordinates of points that divide line segments in specific ratios. The chapter also discusses the concept of octants and the coordinates of the centroid of a triangle in 3D space.

Uploaded by

shadowhood7014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER

19 Introduction to 3D

1. In three dimensions, the coordinate axes of a rectangular 5. Distance between two points P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) is
Cartesian coordinate system are three mutually perpendicular
lines. The axes are called the x, y and z-axes.
given by PQ = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 + ( z2 − z1 ) 2

2. The three planes determined by the pair of axes are the 6. The coordinates of the point R which divides the line segment
coordinate planes, called XY, YZ and ZX-planes. The three joining two points P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) internally
coordinate planes divide the space into eight parts known and externally in the ratio m : n are given by
as octants.
 mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 mz2 + nz1  and

3. The coordinates of a point P in three dimensional  , , 
geometry is always written in the form of triplet like  m+n m+n m+n 
(x, y, z). Here x, y and z are the distances from the YZ, ZX  mx2 − nx1 my2 − ny1 mz2 − nz1  respectively.
and XY-planes.
 , , ,
 m−n m−n m−n 
4. (i) Any point on x-axis is of the form (x, 0, 0)
7. The coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining

(ii) Any point on y-axis is of the form (0, y, 0)
t w o p o i n t s P ( x 1, y 1, z 1) a n d Q ( x 2, y 2, z 2) a r e
(iii) Any point on z-axis is of the form (0, 0, z).
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2 

Sign (+/–) of the co-ordinates of a point  , , .
 2 2 2 
Octants I II III IV V VI VII VIII 8. The coordinates of the centroid of the triangle, whose
x + – – + + – – + vertices are (x1, y 1, z 1), (x 2, y 2, z 2) and (x 3, y 3, z 3) are
y + + – – + + – –  x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 z1 + z2 + z3 
 , , 
z + + + + – – – –  3 3 3 

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