Trigonometry

REVIEW OF FACTS AND FORMULAE

1. Measurement of angles
I. Sexagesimal system
1 right angle = 90°.
1° = 60 minutes = 60′ .
1′ = 60 seconds = 60′′ .
II. Circular measures
π radian, written as π c = 180°.
s arc
2. θ = = ⋅
r radius
3. In a clock, we have:

(i) Angle between two consecutive digits

π
= 30° = radian.
6
(ii) Angle traced by the hour hand in 1 hr = 30°.
(iii) Angle traced by the minute hand in 1 min = 6°.
4. T-ratios C
perpendicular BC
(i) sin θ = = ⋅
hypotenuse AC
base AB
(ii) cos θ = = ⋅
hypotenuse AC
θ
perpendicular BC
(iii) tan θ = = ⋅ A B
base AB
1 1 1
(iv) cosec θ = ⋅ (v) sec θ = ⋅ (vi) cot θ = ⋅
sin θ cos θ tan θ
5. (i) sin 2θ + cos2θ = 1. (ii) 1 + tan 2θ = sec2θ. (iii) 1 + cot 2θ = cosec2θ.
6. Extremum values of T-ratios
(i) −1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1 ⇒ |sin θ| ≤ 1. (ii) −1 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1 ⇒ |cos θ| ≤ 1.
(iii) Either sec θ ≤ −1 or sec θ ≥ 1.
∴ |sec θ| ≥ 1.
(iv) Either cosec θ ≤ −1 or cosec θ ≥ 1.
∴ |cosec θ| ≥ 1.
1053
1054 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

7. Angles in various quadrants

Quadrant Angle

(i) I 0° < θ < 90°

(ii) II 90° < θ < 180°
(iii) III 180° < θ < 270°
(iv) IV 270° < θ < 360°

8. Signs of T-ratios

Quadrant Signs

(i) I All +ve

(ii) II sin θ > 0, cosec θ > 0
(iii) III tan θ > 0 and cot θ > 0
(iv) IV cos θ > 0 and sec θ > 0.
Remember: II I
sin All
III IV
tan cos
All: sin, tan, cos

9. Values of T-ratios

( π/6) ( π/4) ( π/3) ( π/2)

0°
30° 45° 60° 90°
1 1 3 1
sin θ 0
2 2 2
3 1 1 0
cos θ 1
2 2 2
1 not
tan θ 0 1 3
3 defined

10. ( 90° − θ) ( 90° + θ) ( 180° − θ) ( 180° + θ)

sin cos θ cos θ sin θ − sin θ

cos sin θ − sin θ − cos θ − cos θ
tan cot θ − cot θ − tan θ tan θ

11. (i) sin ( −θ) = − sin θ. (ii) cos ( −θ) = cos θ. (iii) tan ( −θ) = − tan θ.
 Objective Questions 1055

( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1)
12. (i) sin 15 ° = cos 75 ° = ⋅ (ii) cos 15 ° = sin 75 ° = ⋅
2 2 2 2
(iii) tan 15 ° = cot 75 ° = ( 2 − 3 ). (iv) cot 15 ° = tan 75 ° = ( 2 + 3 ).
( 5 − 1) 10 + 2 5
13. (i) sin 18° = cos 72° = ⋅ (ii) cos 18° = sin 72° = ⋅
4 4
10 − 2 5 ( 5 + 1)
(iii) sin 36° = cos 54° = ⋅ (iv) cos 36° = sin 54° = ⋅
4 4
14. (i) sin ( A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B.
(ii) cos ( A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B.
tan A + tan B
(iii) tan ( A + B) = ⋅
1 − tan A tan B
cot A cot B − 1
(iv) cot ( A + B) = ⋅
cot A + cot B
15. (i) sin ( A − B) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B.
(ii) cos ( A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B.
tan A − tan B
(iii) tan ( A − B) = ⋅
1 + tan A tan B
cot A cot B + 1
(iv) cot ( A − B) = ⋅
cot B − cot A
16. (i) sin ( A + B) ⋅ sin ( A − B) = sin 2 A − sin 2 B = cos2 B − sin 2 A.
(ii) cos ( A + B) ⋅ cos ( A − B) = cos2 A − sin 2 B = cos2 B − sin 2 A.
17. (i) sin ( A + B) + sin ( A − B) = 2 sin A cos B.
(ii) sin ( A + B) − sin ( A − B) = 2 cos A sin B.
(iii) cos ( A + B) + cos ( A − B) = 2 cos A cos B.
(iv) cos ( A − B) − cos ( A + B) = 2 sin A sin B.
(C + D) (C − D)
18. (i) sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos ⋅
2 2
(C + D) (C − D)
(ii) cos C + cos D = 2 cos cos ⋅
2 2
(C + D) (C − D)
19. (i) sin C − sin D = 2 cos sin ⋅
2 2
(C + D) ( D − C)
(ii) cos C − cos D = 2 sin sin ⋅
2 2

T-RATIOS OF MULTIPLE ANGLES

2 tan A
20. (i) sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A = ⋅
1 + tan 2 A
1056 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

1 − tan 2 A
(ii) cos 2A = (cos2 A − sin 2 A) = (1 − 2 sin 2 A) = ( 2 cos2 A − 1) = ⋅
1 + tan 2 A
2 tan A
(iii) tan 2A = ⋅
1 − tan 2 A
21. (i) sin 3 A = 3 sin A − 4 sin 3 A. (ii) cos 3 A = 4 cos3 A − 3 cos A.
3 tan A − tan 3 A
(iii) tan 3 A = ⋅
1 − 3 tan 2 A

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
22. (i) sin θ = 0 ⇔ θ = nπ , n ∈ I.
π
(ii) cos θ = 0 ⇔ θ = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I.
2
(iii) tan θ = 0 ⇔ θ = nπ , n ∈ I.
23. (i) sin θ = sin α ⇒ θ = nπ + ( −1) n α , n ∈ I.
(ii) cos θ = cos α ⇒ θ = 2nπ ± α , n ∈ I.
(iii) tan θ = tan α ⇒ θ = nπ + α , n ∈ I.
24. (i) sin 2θ = sin 2α ⇒ θ = nπ ± α , n ∈ I.
(ii) cos2θ = cos2α ⇒ θ = nπ ± α , n ∈ I.
(iii) tan 2θ = tan 2α ⇒ θ = nπ ± α , n ∈ I.

SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
25. Sine rule
a b c
= = ⋅
sin A sin B sin C
26. Cosine formulae
(i) a 2 = b 2 + c2 − 2bc cos A. (ii) b 2 = c2 + a 2 − 2ca cos B.
(iii) c2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C.

27. Projection formulae

(i) a = a cos B + b cos C. (ii) b = a cos C + c cos A.
(iii) c = a cos B + b cos A.

28. Half-angle formulae

A (s − b)(s − c) B (s − c)(s − a)
(i) sin = ⋅ (ii) sin = ⋅
2 bc 2 ca
C (s − a)(s − b) A s(s − a)
(iii) sin = ⋅ (iv) cos = ⋅
2 ab 2 bc
B s(s − b) C s(s − c)
(v) cos = ⋅ (vi) cos = ⋅
2 ca 2 ab
 Objective Questions 1057

A (s − b)(s − c) B (s − c)(s − a)
29. (i) tan = ⋅ (ii) tan = ⋅
2 s(s − a) 2 s(s − b)
C (s − a)(s − b)
(iii) tan = ⋅
2 s(s − c)

30. Area of a triangle is:

1 1 1
a = ab sin C = bc sin A = ac sin B.
2 2 2
31. Napier’s analogies
( B − C) ( b − c) A (C − A) ( c − a) B
(i) tan = cot ⋅ (ii) tan = cot ⋅
2 ( b + c) 2 2 ( c + a) 2
( A − B) ( a − b) C
(iii) tan = cot ⋅
2 ( a + b) 2

EXERCISE 1
Mark (3) against the correct answer in each of the following.
1. 25° when measured in radians is
c c c
⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 5π ⎞
(a) ⎜ ⎟ (b) ⎜ ⎟ (c) ⎜ ⎟ (d) none of these
⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎝ 24 ⎠ ⎝ 36 ⎠

2. 162° when measured in radians is

c c c c
⎛ 7π ⎞ ⎛ 9π ⎞ ⎛ 4π ⎞ ⎛ 5π ⎞
(a) ⎜ ⎟ (b) ⎜ ⎟ (c) ⎜ ⎟ (d) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
c
⎛ 8π ⎞
3. ⎜ ⎟ = ?
⎝ 5 ⎠
(a) 272° (b) 302° (c) 288° (d) 316°
4. 11 = ?
c

(a) 315° (b) 372° (c) 418° (d) 630°

5. 1 = ?
c

(a) 56°27′ 22′′ (b) 57 °16′ 22′′ (c) 55 °18′ 32′′ (d) 57 °26′ 32′′
6. 3 °45′ expressed in radians is
c c c c
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛π⎞ ⎛ 5π ⎞
(a) ⎜ ⎟ (b) ⎜ ⎟ (c) ⎜ ⎟ (d) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 36⎠ ⎝ 54⎠ ⎝ 48⎠ ⎝ 96 ⎠

7. 50° 37′ 30′′ = ?

c c c c
⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 7π ⎞ ⎛ 9π ⎞ ⎛ 11π ⎞
(a) ⎜ ⎟ (b) ⎜ ⎟ (c) ⎜ ⎟ (d) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 16 ⎠ ⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎝ 32 ⎠ ⎝ 36 ⎠
1058 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11
c
⎛π⎞
8. In a right triangle, the difference between two acute angles is ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ The
⎝ 15 ⎠
measure of the smallest angle is
(a) 40° (b) 45° (c) 36° (d) 39°
9. The angles of a triangle are in AP and the greatest angle is double the least.
The largest angle measures
(a) 60° (b) 80° (c) 75° (d) 90°
10. The angles of a triangle are in AP and the ratio of the number of degrees
in the least to the number of radians in the greatest is 60 : π . The smallest
angle is
(a) 15° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°
11. In a circle, the central angle of 45° intercepts an arc of length 33 cm. The
radius of the circle is
(a) 21 cm (b) 35 cm (c) 42 cm (d) 14 cm
12. In a circle of radius 14 cm an arc subtends an angle of 36° at the centre. The
length of the arc is
(a) 6.6 cm (b) 7.7 cm (c) 8.8 cm (d) 9.1 cm
13. The minute hand of a watch is 1.4 cm long. How far does its tip move in
45 minutes?
(a) 6 cm (b) 6.3 cm (c) 6.6 cm (d) 7 cm
14. If the arcs of the same length in two circles subtend angles of 60° and 75° at
their respective centres, the ratio of their radii is
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4 (c) 3 : 5 (d) 5 : 3
15. A wire of length 121 cm is bent to form an arc of a circle of radius 180 cm.
The angle subtended at the centre by the arc is
(a) 36°20′ (b) 34°40′ (c) 38° 30′ (d) 39°10′
16. A horse is tied to a post by a rope. If the horse moves along a circular path,
always keeping the rope tight and describes 88 m when it traces 72° at the
centre, then the length of the rope is
(a) 35 m (b) 70 m (c) 17.5 m (d) 22 m
17. A pendulum swings through an angle of 42° in describing an arc of length
55 cm. The length of the pendulum is
(a) 56 cm (b) 60 cm (c) 75 cm (d) 88 cm
18. The radius of a circle is 30 cm. The length of the arc of this circle whose
chord is 30 cm long, is
(a) 9π cm (b) 10π cm (c) 12π cm (d) 13.6π cm
19. A wheel makes 180 revolutions in 1 minute. How many radians does it
turn in 1 second?
(a) ( 3π ) c (b) ( 4π ) c (c) ( 6π ) c (d) (12π ) c
 Objective Questions 1059

20. A railway train is moving on a circular curve of radius 1500 m at a speed of

90 km/hr. Through what angle has it turned in 11 seconds?
(a) 10° 30′ (b) 11°40′ (c) 12° (d) 16° 30′
21. When a clock shows the time 7 : 20, what is the angle between its minute
hand and the hour hand?
(a) 60° (b) 80° (c) 100° (d) 120°
22. The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at half
past three is
(a) 54° (b) 63° (c) 72° (d) 75°
23. The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock when the
time is 8 : 25 am, is
(a) 107 °15′ (b) 105° (c) 102° 30′ (d) 92°45′
24. The length of a pendulum is 60 cm. The angle through which it swings
when its tip describes an arc of length 16.5 cm is
(a) 15 ° 30′ (b) 15 °45′ (c) 16°15′ (d) 16° 30′
25. The angles of a quadrilateral in degrees are in AP and the greatest angle is
120°. The smallest angle is
c c c c
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
(a) ⎜ ⎟ (b) ⎜ ⎟ (c) ⎜ ⎟ (d) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝5⎠ ⎝ 6⎠
26. The perimeter of a sector of a circle is equal to half the circumference of the
circle. The angle of the sector is
c c
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
(a) ⎜ ⎟ (b) ⎜ ⎟ (c) ( π − 2) c (d) ( π + 2) c
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
25 π
27. sin =?
3
1 1 3 − 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
41π
28. cos =?
4
1 −1 3 − 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
⎛ −16π ⎞
29. tan ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ 3 ⎠
1 −1
(a) 3 (b) − 3 (c) (d)
3 3
⎛ 29π ⎞
30. cot ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ 4 ⎠
1
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d)
3
1060 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

⎛ −19π ⎞
31. sec ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ 3 ⎠
−1 1
(a) –2 (b) (c) 2 (d)
2 2
⎛ −33 π ⎞
32. cosec ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ 4 ⎠
1 −1
(a) − 2 (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 2
33. cos 15π = ?
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) none of these
34. sec 6π = ?
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) − 2
5π
35. tan =?
4
1
(a) 3 (b) (c) 1 (d) –1
3
36. sin (765°) = ?
3 − 3 1 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
37. cot ( −600°) = ?
−1
(a) –1 (b) − 3 (c) (d) none of these
3
−2 6
38. If sin x = and x lies in quadrant III, then cot x = ?
5
1 −1 3 −3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6
− 15 π
39. If cos x = and < x < π , then sin x = ?
4 2
3 −3 1 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
3π
40. If sec x = −2 and π < x < , then sin x = ?
2
3 − 3 1 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
−2
41. If cosec x = and x lies in quadrant IV, then tan x = ?
3
1 −1
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) − 3
3 3
 Objective Questions 1061

42. If cot θ = 5 and θ does not lie in quadrant I, then the values of cosec θ and
sec θ are respectively

6 6 6 6
(a) 6 , (b) − 6 , (c) − 6 , − (d) 6 , −
5 5 5 5

−1
43. If cos θ = and θ lies in quadrant II, then ( 2 sin θ + tan θ) = ?
2
− 3 3 3
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2
−3 3π ( cosec θ + cot θ)
44. If cos θ = and π < θ < , then =?
5 2 (sec θ − tan θ)
1 2 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 2 3
3 π
45. If sin θ = and < θ < π , then ( 2 sec θ − 3 cot θ) = ?
5 2
3 −3 13 −13
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
3π (1 + tan θ + cosec θ)
46. If sec θ = 2 and < θ < 2π , then =?
2 (1 + cot θ − cosec θ)
3 −3 3
(a) (b) –1 (c) (d)
2 8 4
−12 3π
47. If cos θ = and π < θ < , then (cot θ + cosec θ) = ?
13 2
1 −1 3 −3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
−12 π (1 + sin θ − cos θ)
48. If cot θ = and < θ < π , then =?
5 2 (1 − sin θ + cos θ)
13 −13 15 −15
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 2 2
4 π (5 cos θ + 4cosec θ + 3 tan θ)
49. If sin θ = and < θ < π , then =?
5 2 ( 4 cot θ + 3 sec θ + 5 sin θ)
−1 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) –1
2 2
13 ( 4 − 3 cot θ)
50. If sec θ = and θ is acute, then =?
5 ( 3 + 4 tan θ)
55 44 54 33
(a) (b) (c) (d)
252 305 255 215
1062 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

51. cos 135° = ?

1 −1 1 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
52. sec 120° = ?
(a) 2 (b) − 2 (c) 2 (d) –2
53. cosec 150° = ?
(a) –2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) − 2
54. sin 315° = ?
1 −1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) − 2
2 2
55. cos 405° = ?
1 −1
(a) 2 (b) (c) − 2 (d)
2 2

11π
56. tan =?
6
−1 1
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) − 3
3 3
57. cot 675° = ?
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) − 3 (d) 3

⎛ 31π ⎞
58. sin ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ 3 ⎠
1 −1 3 − 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
59. cot ( −600°) = ?
−1 1
(a) − 3 (b) (c) 3 (d)
3 3
60. cosec ( −1110°) = ?
2 −2
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) –2
3 3
⎛ −33 π ⎞
61. sec ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ 4 ⎠
− 3 3
(a) − 2 (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 2
⎛ −25 π ⎞
62. tan ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ 3 ⎠
−1 1
(a) − 3 (b) 3 (c) (d)
3 3
 Objective Questions 1063

π π π
63. The values of cot , cot , cot are in
3 4 6
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none of these
64. Which is smaller, sin 64° or cos 64°?
(a) sin 64° (b) cos 64°
(c) both are equal (d) cannot be compared
65. Which is larger, sin 24° or cos 24°?
(a) sin 24° (b) cos 24°
(c) both are equal (d) cannot be compared
66. The extremum values of sin θ are
− 3 1
(a) 0 and 1 (b) –1 and 0 (c) –1 and 1 (d) and
2 2
67. The extremum values of cos θ are
− 3
(a) 0 and 1 (b) –1 and 0 (c) –1 and 1 (d) and 2
2
68. The value of sec θ can
(a) never be greater than 1 (b) never be less than 1
(c) never be equal to 1 (d) never lie between –1 and 1
69. tan 150° = ?
1 −1
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) − 3
3 3
70. sec 150° = ?
2 −2
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) –2
3 3
71. cot 120° = ?
−1 1
(a) (b) (c) − 3 (d) 3
3 3
72. (sin 105 ° + cos 105 °) = ?
1 1 2
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3
73. sin 15° = ?
3 ( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1) ( 2 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
74. cos 15° = ?
( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2
1064 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

75. tan 15° = ?

( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1) ( 2 + 1) ( 2 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1) ( 2 − 1) ( 2 + 1)
76. sin 75° = ?
( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1) ( 2 + 1) ( 2 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
77. cos 75° = ?
( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1) ( 2 − 1) ( 2 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
13 π
78. tan =?
12
(a) ( 2 + 3) (b) (1 + 2) (c) ( 2 − 3 ) (d) ( 2 − 1)
79. (sin 70° cos 10° − cos 70° sin 10°) = ?
1 1 3 − 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
80. (sin 36° cos 9° + cos 36° sin 9°) = ?
1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2 2
81. cos 80° cos 20° + sin 80° sin 20° = ?
1 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2 2
82. cos 50° cos 10° − sin 50° sin 10° = ?
1 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2 2
83. sin ( 40° + θ) cos (10° + θ) − cos ( 40° + θ) sin (10° + θ) = ?
3 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) none of these
2 2
7π π 7π π
84. sin cos − cos sin = ?
12 4 12 4
1 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2
π π π π
85. sin cos + cos sin =?
4 12 4 12
3 1
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) none of these
2 2
 Objective Questions 1065

2π π 2π π
86. cos cos − sin sin = ?
3 4 3 4
( 3 + 1) − ( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1) − ( 3 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
π
87. sin =?
12
( 3 − 1) − ( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 2 2 2 2
5π
88. sin =?
12
( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1) − ( 3 − 1) − ( 3 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
15 12
89. If sin θ = and cos φ = , where θ and φ both lie in quadrant I, then
17 13
sin (θ + φ) = ?
171 180 220 181
(a) (b) (c) (d)
221 221 221 221
3 −12
90. If sin θ = and cos φ = , where θ and φ both lie in quadrant II, then
5 13
sin (θ − φ) = ?
16 −16 33 −33
(a) (b) (c) (d)
65 65 65 65
4 12
91. If cos θ = and cos φ = , where θ and φ both lie in quadrant IV, then
5 13
cos (θ + φ) = ?
33 −33 16 −16
(a) (b) (c) (d)
65 65 65 65
1 −5
92. If cot θ = and sec φ = , where θ lies in quadrant III and φ lies in
2 3
quadrant II, then tan (θ + φ) = ?
5 2 −6 10
(a) (b) (c) (d)
11 11 11 11
93. cos 15 ° − sin 15 ° = ?
1 1 ( 2 − 1) ( 2 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
94. cot 105 ° − tan 105 ° = ?
3 ( 3 + 1)
(a) 3 (b) 2 3 (c) (d)
2 ( 3 − 1)
1066 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

5π π
95. 2 sin sin =?
12 12
1 1 3
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 2 2
5π π
96. 2 cos cos =?
12 12

1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2 2
5π π
97. 2 sin cos =?
12 12
1 3 +1 (2 + 3) 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2

sin (180° + θ) cos ( 90° + θ) tan ( 270° − θ) cot ( 360° − θ)

98. =?
sin ( 360° − θ) cos ( 360° + θ) cosec ( −θ) sin ( 270° + θ)
3 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2
99. sin ( 40° + θ) cos (10° + θ) − cos ( 40° + θ) sin (10° + θ) = ?
1 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2

cos ( 90° + θ) sec ( 270° + θ) sin (180° + θ)

100. =?
cosec ( −θ) cos ( 270° − θ) tan (180° + θ)
(a) cos θ (b) sec θ (c) cot θ (d) none of these
101. cos θ + sin ( 270° + θ) − sin ( 270° − θ) + cos (180° + θ) = ?
(a) 2cos θ (b) 2sin θ (c) 0 (d) none of these

cos 8° − sin 8°
102. =?
cos 8° + sin 8°
(a) tan 8° (b) tan 37° (c) tan 52° (d) none of these

cos ( π + θ) cos ( −θ)

103. =?
⎛π ⎞
cos ( π − θ) cos ⎜ + θ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
(a) − cot θ (b) cot θ (c) − tan θ (d) tan θ

⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
104. cos ⎜ + x⎟ + cos ⎜ − x⎟ = ?
⎝4 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠
(a) 2cos x (b) 2 cos x (c) 2sin x (d) 2 sin x
 Objective Questions 1067

⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞
105. cos ⎜ + x⎟ − cos ⎜ − x⎟ = ?
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
1
(a) 2 sin x (b) 2sin x (c) − 2 sin x (d) sin x
2
sin 3 x − sin x
106. =?
cos x − cos 3 x
(a) tan 2x (b) cot 2x (c) − tan 2x (d) − cot 2x
cos 6x + cos 4x
107. =?
sin 6x − sin 4x
(a) cot x (b) tan x (c) − cot x (d) − tan x
cos 4x + cos 3 x + cos 2x
108. =?
sin 4x + sin 3 x + sin 2x
(a) tan 2x (b) tan 3x (c) cot 2x (d) cot 3x
sin 7 x − sin 5 x
109. =?
cos 7 x + cos 5 x
(a) tan x (b) cot x (c) tan 2x (d) cot 2x
110. (sin 6x − sin 4x) = ?
2 2

(a) sin 10x (b) sin 2x (c) sin 10x sin 2x (d) none of these
111. cos 20° cos 40° cos 80° = ?
1 1 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 8 8 16
112. sin 10° sin 50° sin 70° = ?
3 3 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 8 16
113. 2 cos 45 ° cos 15 ° = ?
3 ( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1) 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
114. 2 sin 75 ° sin 15 ° = ?
1 3 ( 3 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 2
115. cos 15 ° − sin 15 ° = ?
1 1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2
−1
116. If sin x = and x lies in quadrant III, then sin 2x = ?
2
1 3 1
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d)
2 2 2 3
1068 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

−13 π
117. If sec x = and < x < π , then cos 2x = ?
12 2
−120 119 −120
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
169 169 119
−3 3π
118. If tan x = and < x < 2π , then tan 2x = ?
4 2
−24 7 24 −24
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 25 7 7
1
119. If sin x = , then sin 3x = ?
3
1 7 23
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
9 9 27
1
120. If cos x = , then cos 3x = ?
2
3 1 2
(a) (b) (c) –1 (d)
2 6 3
⎛ π π⎞
121. ⎜ cos2 − sin 2 ⎟ = ?
⎝ 12 12⎠
1 3 3 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
1 + sin 2x − cos 2x
122. =?
1 + sin 2x + cos 2x
(a) tan 2x (b) tan x (c) cot 2x (d) cot x
−3 π x
123. If cos x = and < x < π , then sin = ?
5 2 2
−2 2 −1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
−3 π x
124. If cos x = and < x < π , then cos = ?
5 2 2
1 −1 2 −2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
−4 3π x
125. If cos x = and π < x < , then cos = ?
5 2 2
1 −1 3 −3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 10 10 10
3 3π x
126. If tan x = and π < x < , then tan = ?
4 2 2
1 −1
(a) 3 (b) (c) –3 (d)
3 3
 Objective Questions 1069

−1 x
127. If cos x = and x lies in quadrant III, then tan = ?
3 2
(a) 2 (b) − 2 (c) 3 (d) − 3
−1 x
128. If sin x = and x lies in quadrant IV, then sin = ?
2 2
2+ 3 3+ 2 2− 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 2
1 + cos x
129. =?
1 − cos x
x x x x
(a) tan 2 (b) cot 2 (c) sec2 (d) cosec2
2 2 2 2
1 + sin x
130. =?
1 − sin x
x x ⎛ π x⎞ ⎛ π x⎞
(a) tan (b) cot (c) tan ⎜ + ⎟ (d) cot ⎜ + ⎟
2 2 ⎝ 4 2⎠ ⎝ 4 2⎠
sin x
131. =?
1 + cos x
x x ⎛ π x⎞
(a) tan (b) cot (c) tan ⎜ + ⎟ (d) none of these
2 2 ⎝ 4 2⎠

x x
132. cot − tan = ?
2 2
(a) 2tan x (b) 2cot x (c) 2sin x (d) 2cos x
133. sin 18° = ?
( 5 − 1) ( 5 + 1) ( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 2 2
134. cos 18° = ?
10 − 2 5 10 + 2 5 ( 5 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
4 4 4
135. cos 36° = ?
( 5 − 1) ( 5 + 1) ( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 2 2
136. sin 36° = ?
( 5 − 1) 10 + 2 5 10 − 2 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
4 4 4
137. sin 54° = ?
( 5 + 1) ( 5 − 1) 10 + 2 5 10 − 2 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
1070 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

138. cos 72° = ?

( 5 + 1) ( 5 − 1) (2 + 5) (2 − 5)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 3 3
139. cos 54° = ?
10 + 2 5 10 − 2 5 ( 5 + 1) ( 5 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
140. sin 72° = ?
10 + 2 5 10 − 2 5 ( 5 − 1) ( 5 + 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
1 1
141. 2 sin 22 ° cos 22 ° = ?
2 2
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2
142. ( 2 cos2 15 ° − 1) = ?
3 3 3
(a) (b) (c) 2 3 (d)
2 2 2
143. ( 3 sin 40° − 4 sin 3 40°) = ?
3 3
(a) (b) (c) 3 3 (d) none of these
2 2
144. ( 8 cos3 20° − 6 cos 20°) = ?
5 5 3
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
2 3 2
a
145. If tan θ = , then a sin 2θ + b cos 2θ = ?
b
(a) a (b) b (c) a + b (d) a − b
146. cot x − 2 cot 2x = ?
(a) tan x (b) cos x (c) sin x (d) cos 2x
147. cos 2x + 2 sin 2 x = ?
1 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) 1 (d)
2 2
sin 2x
148. =?
1 − cos 2x
(a) tan x (b) cot x (c) sec x (d) cosec x
sin 2x
149. =?
1 + cos 2x
(a) tan x (b) cosec x (c) sec x (d) cot x
 Objective Questions 1071

tan 2x
150. =?
1 + sec 2x
(a) sin x (b) cos x (c) tan x (d) cot x
1 − cos 2x + sin x
151. =?
sin 2x + cos x
(a) tan x (b) cot x (c) sec x (d) cosec x
cos x
152. =?
(1 − sin x)
x ⎛ π x⎞ ⎛ π x⎞
(a) tan (b) tan ⎜ + ⎟ (c) tan ⎜ − ⎟ (d) none of these
2 ⎝ 4 2⎠ ⎝ 4 2⎠
153. (sin 2α cos2β + cos2α sin 2β + sin 2α sin 2β + cos2α cos2β ) = ?
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 3
1 + sin x
154. If x is acute, then =?
1 − sin x
(a) sec x + cosec x (b) sec x + tan x (c) cosec x + cot x (d) tan x + cot x
155. (sec θ − cos θ)( cosec θ − sin θ)(cot θ + tan θ) = ?
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) none of these
⎛ sin θ 1 + cos θ ⎞
156. sin θ ⎜ + ⎟ =?
⎝ 1 + cos θ sin θ ⎠
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
⎛ sin θ + cos θ − 1⎞
157. (1 + sin θ) ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ sin θ − cos θ + 1⎠
(a) tan θ (b) cot θ (c) sin θ (d) cos θ
(cot θ − cosec θ + 1)
158. =?
(cot θ + cosec θ − 1)
(a) cosec θ + cot θ (b) cosec θ − cot θ (c) 1 (d) –1
2
⎛ sec θ + tan θ − 1⎞
159. ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ tan θ − sec θ + 1⎠
(1 + sin θ) (1 − sin θ)
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of these
(1 − sin θ) (1 + sin θ)
160. If x = r cos α cos β , y = r cos α sin β and z = r sin α , then x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = ?
(a) 1 (b) r 2 (c) r 4 (d) none of these
⎛ b sin θ − a cos θ ⎞
161. If a tan θ = b , then ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ b sin θ + a cos θ ⎠
( a 2 − b2 ) ( a 2 + b2 ) ( b2 − a 2 )
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
( a 2 + b2 ) ( a 2 − b2 ) ( b2 + a 2 )
1072 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

⎛ 5 sin θ − 3 cos θ ⎞
162. If 5 cot θ = 4, then ⎜ ⎟ =?
⎝ sin θ + 2 cos θ ⎠
3 5 3
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
4 14 14
163. If tan θ + cot θ = 2, then sin θ = ?
1 1 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 3

1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
164. If θ lies in quadrant II, then − =?
1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
(a) tan θ (b) 2tan θ (c) cot θ (d) 2cot θ

3π 1 + cos θ 1 − cos θ
165. If π < θ < , then + =?
2 1 − cos θ 1 + cos θ
(a) 2sec θ (b) −2sec θ (c) 2cosec θ (d) −2cosec θ
166. If 7 sin θ + 3 cos θ = 4, then tan θ = ?
2 2

1 1 1 1
(a) ± (b) ± (c) ± (d) ±
2 3 2 3
167. If sin θ + sin 2θ = 1, then (cos2θ + cos4θ) = ?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of these
2
168. If sec θ − tan θ = , then which one of the following is true?
3
5 3 13 5
(a) sec θ = , tan θ = (b) sec θ = , tan θ =
6 2 12 12
8 4
(c) sec θ = , tan θ = (d) none of these
9 5
169. If cosec θ + cot θ = 6, then which one of the following is true?
35 37 37 35
(a) cosec θ = , cot θ = (b) cosec θ = , cot θ =
12 12 12 12
41 31
(c) cosec θ = , cot θ = (d) none of these
12 12
170. If ( 3 sin θ + 5 cos θ) = 5 , then (5 sin θ − 3 cos θ) = ?
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
(1 + tan 15 °)
171. =?
(1 − tan 15 °)
3 −2 1
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d)
2 3 2
 Objective Questions 1073

172. ( 3 sin 20° − 4 sin 3 20°) = ?

1 3
(a) –1 (b) (c) 3 (d)
2 2
173. ( 4 cos3 15 ° − 3 cos 15 °) = ?
1
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) (d) 0
2
174. ( 2 cos 75 ° cos 15 °) = ?
1
(a) (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 4
2
175. (sin 105 ° sin 75 °) = ?
(2 − 3) (2 + 3) ( 5 + 1) ( 5 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
176. (sin 105 ° + cos 105 °) = ?
1 1 3
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 2 2
177. If 0° < θ < 90° and (sin θ + cos θ) = 2 , then θ = ?
π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
3 4 6
5
178. If 0° < θ < 90° and (sin θ + cosec θ) = , then θ = ?
2
π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
3 4 6
1
179. If 0° < θ < 90° and sin 2θ = , then (sin θ + cos θ) = ?
5
2 3 6 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
180. If θ is acute and sin θ = cos 2θ , then (sin θ + cos θ) = ?
( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 2) ( 3 − 2)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
181. Ifθ is acute and(cos θ − sin θ) > 0, then(cos θ + sin θ) cannot be greater than
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2 3

182. 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4θ = ?
(a) 2sin θ (b) 2cos θ (c) sin 2θ (d) cos 2θ
183. If sin 2θ = cos 3θ and θ is acute, then sin θ = ?
( 5 − 1) ( 5 + 1) ( 3 + 2) ( 3 − 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
1074 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 11

184. The least value of ( 2 sin 2θ + 3 cos2θ) is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
185. The greatest value of (sin 4θ + cos4θ) is
1
(a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
2
186. If cos2 θ + sec2 θ = p , then
(a) p < 1 (b) p = 1 (c) 1 < p < 2 (d) p ≥ 2
187. If sin 2θ + cos4θ = p , then
3 3 13 13
(a) 1 ≤ p ≤ 2 (b) ≤ p ≤ 1 (c) ≤ p ≤ (d) ≤ p ≤1
4 4 16 16
188. If 2 sin 2θ − cos θ = p , then
(a) 1 ≤ p ≤ 2 (b) −1 ≤ p ≤ 3 (c) −2 ≤ p ≤ 3 (d) −2 ≤ p ≤ 4
⎧ ⎛ π A⎞ ⎛ π A⎞ ⎫
189. ⎨sin 2 ⎜ + ⎟ − sin 2 ⎜ − ⎟ ⎬ = ?
⎩ ⎝ 8 2⎠ ⎝ 8 2⎠⎭
1 1 π
(a) sin A (b) sin A (c) 2 sin (d) sin A
2 2 8
190. (cos 1° cos 2° cos 3 °…… cos 178° cos 179°) = ?
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
191. (tan 1° tan 2° tan 3 °…… tan 89°) = ?
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) none of these
2
192. (tan 15 ° tan 25 ° tan 45 ° tan 65 ° tan 75 °) = ?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 3
⎛ π 3π 5π 7π 9π ⎞
193. ⎜ tan tan tan tan tan ⎟ =?
⎝ 20 20 20 20 20 ⎠
1
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) (d) none of these
2
194. The general solution of the equation sin θ = 0 is
(a) θ = 2nπ , n ∈ I (b) θ = nπ , n ∈ I
π nπ
(c) θ = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I (d) θ = , n ∈I
2 2
195. The general solution of the equation cos θ = 0 is
(a) θ = nπ , n ∈ I (b) θ = 2nπ , n ∈ I
π
(c) θ = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I (d) none of these
2
196. The general solution of the equation tan θ = 0 is
(a) θ = nπ , n ∈ I (b) θ = 2nπ , n ∈ I
π
(c) θ = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I (d) none of these
2