CLASS XI

MATHS

TOPIC: TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

ASSIGNMENT 1-SOLUTIONS

1. Find the angle in radian through which a pendulum swings, if its length is 75 cm and tip
describes an arc of length 21 cm

SOLUTION: Given, length of pendulum = 75 cm

Radius⁡(𝑟) = Length of the pendulum

= 75 cm

Length of arc⁡(𝑙) = 21 cm
𝑙 21 7
Now, 𝜃 = 𝑟 = 75 = 25 rad

2. Convert the following into radians.

(i) 105∘
(ii) 10′′ 20′
(iii) −47∘ 30′
(iv) 18∘ 37′ 30′′

SOLUTION: We know that 180∘ = 𝜋 radians

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 𝜋
∴ ⁡1∘ = 180 radians

𝜋 7𝜋
(i) 105∘ = (180 × 105) rad = rad
12

(ii) Here, given degree measure has minutes in it. Firstly, convert minutes into degree.

1 ∘
⁡⋱⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ 1′ ⁡= ( )
60
′
20 ∘ 1 ∘
⁡∴⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡20 ⁡= ( ) = ( )
60 3
1∘
Now, total degree to convert = 40∘ + 3

120 + 1 ∘ 121 ∘
=( ) =( )
3 3
𝜋
∵ Radian measure = 180 × Degree measure

𝜋 121 121𝜋
∴ Required radian measure = 180 × = radian
3 540

30 ∘ 1 ∘
(iii) We have, −47∘ 30′ = − [47∘ + ( ) ] [∵ 1′ = ( ) ]
60 60

1 ∘
∘
95 ∘
= − [47 + ( ) ] = − ( )
2 2

Now, required radian measure

𝜋
⁡= × Degree measure
180
𝜋 95 −19𝜋
⁡= − ( × ) rad = rad
180 2 72
19𝜋
Hence, radian measure of −47∘ 30′ is − rad.
72

(iv) Here, given degree measure has seconds and minutes. So, firstly convert seconds into
minutes.

′′
1 ′
∵ ⁡1 = ( )
60

30 ′ 1 ′
∴ ⁡30′′ = ( ) = ( )
60 2
1
∴ Total minutes to convert = 37′ + 2
 74 + 1 ′ 75 ′
⁡= ( ) =( )
2 2
∘
1
∵1′ = ( )
60
75 ′ 75 ∘ 5 ∘
∴( ) = ( ) =( )
2 2 × 60 8
∴ Total degree to convert

5 ∘ 384 + 5 ∘ 389 ∘
= 48∘ + ( ) = ( ) =( )
8 8 8
𝜋
∵ Radian measure = 180 × Degree measure

389 ∘ 𝜋 389 389𝜋

∴ ⁡( ) = × = rad
8 180 8 1440
389𝜋
Hence, 48∘ 37′ 30′′ is 1440 rad.

3. Find the degree measure corresponding to following radians.

7𝜋
(i) 36 rad
−5𝜋
(ii) 8 rad
(iii) 6rad
𝜋
(iv) 64 rad

SOLUTION: We know that 𝜋rad = 180∘

180 ∘
∴ 1rad = ( )
𝜋

3
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 7𝜋 7𝜋 180 ∘
(i) rad = ( × ) = 35∘
36 36 𝜋
−5𝜋 −5𝜋 180 ∘ 225 ∘ 1 ∘
(ii) rad = ( × ) = −( ) = − (112 )
8 8 𝜋 2 2
′
1
⁡= −112∘ ( × 60) = −112∘ 30′
2
180 ∘ 180 ∘ 22
(iii) 6rad = (6 × ) = (6 × ) ⁡ [∵ 𝜋 = ]
𝜋 22/7 7
∘ ∘
1080 × 7 7
⁡= ( ) = (343 )
22 11
7
⁡= 343∘ + × 60 min
11
[∵ 1∘ = 60∘ ]
2 2
⁡= 343∘ + 38 min = 343∘ + 38′ + min
11 11
2
⁡= 343∘ + 38′ + × 60′′
11
[∵ 1′ = 60′′ ]
⁡= 343∘ + 38′ + 10.9′′ = 343∘ 38′ 11′′ (approx)
𝜋 𝜋 180 ∘ 45 ∘ 13 ∘
(iv) rad = ( × ) = ( ) = (2 )
64 64 𝜋 16 16
⁡∵ ⁡1∘ = 60′
13 ∘ ∘
13 ′
∘
195 ′ ∘
3 ′
⁡∴ (2 ) = 2 + ( × 60) = 2 + ( ) = 2 + (48 )
16 16 4 4
′′
3
⁡= 2∘ + 48′ + ( × 60) = 2∘ 48′ 45′′
4
4. Find the radius of circle in which a central angle of 45∘ intercepts an arc of length 17.6 cm.
22
[use 𝜋 = ]
7

45×𝜋 𝜋 𝑙
SOLUTION: Here, 𝑙 = 17.6 cm and 𝜃 = 45∘ = rad = rad ∴ By 𝑟 = , we have
180 4 𝜃

17.6 17.6 × 4 × 7
𝑟= = = 22.4 cm
𝜋/4 22

5. Find the length of an arc of a circle of radius 3 cm, if the angle subtended at the centre is
30∘ . [ use 𝜋 = 3.14 ]
𝜋 𝜋 𝑙
SOLUTION: Given, 𝑟 = 3 cm and 𝜃 = 30∘ = 30 × 180 = 6 rad ∴ By 𝜃 = 𝑟, we have

𝜋 𝑙 𝜋 3.14
= ⇒𝑙= = = 1.57 cm
6 3 2 2
6. Find in degrees and radians, the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a
clock at half past three.
 SOLUTION: The angle traced by the hour hand in 12 h = 360∘

∴ The angle traced by the hour hand in 3 h30 min

7 360 7 ∘
i.e. ⁡ 2 h = ( 12 × 2) = 105∘

The angle traced by the minute hand in 60 min = 360∘

∴ The angle traced by the minute hand in 30 min

∘
360
=( × 30) = 180∘
60
Hence, the required angle between two hands

= 180∘ − 105∘ = 75∘

𝜋 5𝜋
or (75 × 180) = rad
12

7. The minute hand of a watch is 1.5 cm long. How far does its tip move in 40 min ? [use 𝜋 =
3.14 ]

SOLUTION: In one complete rotation, the minute hand of a watch rotates through 360∘ in
60 min.

∴ Angle traced out by minute hand in 1 min

360∘
=( ) = 6∘
60
∴ Angle traced by the minute hand in 40 min

𝜋 4𝜋
= (40 × 6)∘ = 240∘ = 240 × = ( ) rad
180 3
𝑙 4𝜋 𝑙
We know that 𝜃 = 𝑟 ⇒ = 1.5
3

4𝜋
⇒ ⁡𝑙 = × 1.5 = 2𝜋 = 2 × 3.14 = 6.28 cm
3
Hence, the tip of the minute hand travels 6.28 cm in 40 min.

8. Find the degree measure of the angle subtended at the centre of a circle of radius 100 cm
by an arc of length 22 cm as shown in figure. [use 𝜋 = 22/7 ]

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 SOLUTION: Given, radius, 𝑟 = 100 cm and arc length, 𝑙 = 22 cm We know that 𝑙 = 𝑟𝜃

𝑙 22
∴ ⁡𝜃⁡= = = 0.22rad
𝑟 100
180
⁡= 0.22 × degree
𝜋
180 × 7 ∘ 22 180 × 7 ∘
⁡= (0.22 × ) =( × )
22 100 22
126 ∘ 6 ∘
⁡= ( ) = (12 )
10 10
6
⁡= 12∘ + × 60′
10
⁡= 12∘ + 36′ = 12∘ 36′
Hence, the degree measure of the required angle is 12∘ 36′ .

9. In a circle of diameter 44 cm, the length of chord is 22 cm. Find the length of minor arc of the
chord

SOLUTION: Given, diameter = 44 cm

44
∴ Radius, 𝑟 = = 22 cm
2

Let chord 𝐴𝐵 = 22 cm⁡ [given]

Since, ⁡𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵 = 22 cm

∴△ 𝑂𝐴𝐵 is equilateral
 Now, we convert 60∘ into radian measure.
𝜋
⁡∴ ⁡60∘ = (60 × ) rad
180
𝜋
⁡ [∵ radian measure = × degree measure ]
180
𝜋
⁡⇒ ⁡60∘ = radian
3
arc length⁡(𝑙)
⁡∴ Length of minor arc 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟𝜃⁡ [∵ 𝜃 = ]
radius (𝑟)
𝜋 22 22 22
⁡= 22 × = × [∵ 𝜋 = ]
3 3 7 7
484
⁡= cm
21
10. A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute. Through how many radians does it turn in
one second?

SOLUTION: Given, number of revolutions in one minute = 360

∵ Number of revolutions in 60sec = 360

360
Number of revolutions in one second = =6
60

Angle moved in one revolution = 2𝜋rad

∴ Angle moved in 6 revolutions = (2𝜋 × 6)rad = 12𝜋rad

11. The wheel of a railway carriage is 40 cm in diameter and makes 6 revolutions in a second.
How fast is the train going?

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 SOLUTION: Given, diameter of wheel of railway carriage = 40 cm
40
∴ Radius of wheel = = 20 cm
2

Circumference of circle = 2𝜋𝑟 = 2𝜋 × 20 = 40𝜋

Number of revolutions in one second = 6

∵ Distance covered by wheel in one second

= 6 × 40𝜋 = 240𝜋cm

∵ Speed of train = 240𝜋cm/s

12. If the arcs of same length in two circles subtend angle of 60∘ and 75∘ at their centres. Find
the ratio of their radii.

SOLUTION: Let 𝑟1 and 𝑟2 be the radii of the given circles and let their arcs of same length 𝑙
subtend angles of 60∘ and 75∘ at their centres.

Now,
𝜋 𝜋
60∘ = (60 × ) = ( ) rad
180 3
𝜋 5𝜋
75∘ = (75 × ) = ( ) rad
180 12
𝜋 𝑙 5𝜋 𝑙 𝑙
⇒⁡ = and = ⁡ [∵ 𝜃 = ]
3 𝑟1 12 𝑟2 𝑟

𝜋 5𝜋
⇒ ⁡𝑙 = 𝑟1 and 𝑙 = 𝑟
3 12 2
𝜋 5𝜋
⇒ 𝑟1 = 𝑟
3 12 2
𝑟1 5
⇒ 4𝑟1 = 5𝑟2 ⇒ =
𝑟2 4
⇒ 𝑟1 : 𝑟2 = 5: 4

13. The perimeter of a certain sector of a circle is equal to the length of the arc of a semi-circle
having the same radius. Express the angle of the sector in degrees, minutes and seconds.

SOLUTION: Let 𝑟 be the radius of the circle and 𝜃 be the sector angle. Then,

Perimeter of the sector = 2𝑟 + 𝜃

Length of arc of semi-circle = 𝜋𝑟⁡[∵ it is a semi-circle ]

 ⁡∴ ⁡2𝑟 + 𝑟𝜃 = 𝜋𝑟
⁡⇒ ⁡(2 + 𝜃) = 𝜋
⁡⇒ ⁡𝜃 = (𝜋 − 2)rad
180∘
⁡⇒ ⁡𝜃 = (𝜋 − 2) ×
𝜋
180∘ 2 × 180∘
⁡⇒ ⁡𝜃 = 𝜋 × −
𝜋 𝜋
360∘
⇒ 0 = 180∘ −
𝜋
⇒ 0 = 180∘ − 114∘ 32′ ⋅ 14′′
⇒ 0 = 65∘ 27′ 16′′
14. The angles of a triangle are in AP. The number of degrees in the least is to the number of
radians in the greatest is as 60: 𝜋. Find the angles in degree.

SOLUTION: Let the three angles in AP be 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑.

∴⁡ (𝑎 − 𝑑) + 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) = 180∘
[∵ sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180∘ ]
⇒⁡ 3𝑎 = 180∘ ⇒ 𝑎 = 60∘
So, the angles are (60 − 𝑑)∘ , 60∘ , (60 + 𝑑)∘ .

Number of degrees in least angle = (60 − 𝑑)∘

Number of degrees in greatest angle = (60 + 𝑑)∘

∴ Number of radians in greatest angle

𝜋
= × (60 + 𝑑)rad
180
According to the given condition,

(60 − 𝑑) 60
× (60 + 𝑑) =
𝜋 𝜋
60 − 𝑑 180 60
⇒ × =
60 + 𝑑 𝜋 𝜋
60 − 𝑑 1
⇒ =
60 + 𝑑 3
⇒ 180 − 3𝑑 = 60 + 𝑑
⇒ 4𝑑 = 120 ⇒ 𝑑 = 30
Hence, the angles are (60∘ − 30∘ ), 60∘ and (60∘ + 30∘ ) i.e. 30∘ , 60∘ and 90∘ .

15. A horse is tied to a post by a rope. If the horse moves along a circular path always keeping
the rope tight and describes 88 m when it has traced out 54∘ at the centre. Find the length of

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9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 the rope.

SOLUTION: Let the post be at point 𝑃 and 𝑃𝐴 be the length of the rope in tight position.

Suppose the horse moves along the arc 𝐴𝐵, so that ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 54∘ and arc⁡ 𝐴𝐵 of length, 𝑙 =
88 m.

Let 𝑟 be the length of the rope i.e. 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑟 m

𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
Now, 𝜃 = 54∘ = (54 × 180) = ( 10 ) ⁡ [∵ 1∘ = 180 rad]

𝑙
∵ 𝜃 =
𝑟
3𝜋 88
∴ =
10 𝑟
88 × 10
⇒ 𝑟=
3𝜋
880
⇒ 𝑟= = 93.41 m
9.42
[∵ 𝜋 = 3.14]

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
16. Find the value of sin2 ⁡ 6 + cos 2 ⁡ 6 + sin2 ⁡ 4

2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1 2 √3 1 2 1 3 1 1+3+2 6 9
SOLUTION: sin2 ⁡ + cos 2 ⁡ + sin2 ⁡ = ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = + + − = =
6 6 4 2 2 √2 4 4 2 4 1 2

𝑥
17. If cosec⁡ 𝐴 = 𝑦, then find the value of cot⁡ 𝐴.
 𝑥𝑦
SOLUTION: Given, cosec⁡ 𝐴 = 𝑦

We know that cot 2 ⁡ 𝐴 = cosec 2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1

𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
cot 2 ⁡ 𝐴 = ( ) − 1 = − 1 =
𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦2
√𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
⇒⁡ ⁡cot⁡ 𝐴 =±
𝑦

18. Prove that tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 − sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 = tan2 ⁡ 𝜃sin2 ⁡ 𝜃.

sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
SOLUTION: LHS = tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 − sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 = cos2⁡ 𝜃 − sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 [∵ tan⁡ 𝜃 = cos⁡ 𝜃 ]

sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 − sin2 ⁡ 𝜃cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃(1 − cos2 ⁡ 𝜃)

= =
cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 cos2 ⁡ 𝜃
[∵ 1 − cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 = sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 ∣

sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 ⋅ sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 2 2
sin⁡ 𝜃
⁡= = tan ⁡ 𝜃 ⋅ sin ⁡ 𝜃⁡ [∵ = tan⁡ 𝜃]
cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
⁡= RHS
Hence proved.

19. If 𝑎cos⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑥 and 𝑎sin⁡ 𝜃 − 𝑏cos⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑦, prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .

SOLUTION: RHS = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑎cos⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝜃)2 + (𝑎sin⁡ 𝜃 − 𝑏cos⁡ 𝜃)2

⁡= (𝑎2 cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 2𝑎𝑏cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃)

⁡+(𝑎2 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 − 2𝑎𝑏sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃)
⁡= 𝑎2 (cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃) + 𝑏 2 (sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃)
⁡= 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = LHS
[∵ cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1]

Hence proved.

20. Prove that:

1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝐴 1 − tan⁡ 𝐴 2
=( ) = tan2 ⁡ 𝐴.
1 + cot 2 ⁡ 𝐴 1 − cot⁡ 𝐴
1+tan2 ⁡ 𝐴
SOLUTION: LHS = 1+cot2 ⁡ 𝐴

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 sin2 ⁡ 𝐴
1+
⁡= cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 ⁡ [∵ tan⁡ 𝜃 = sin⁡ 𝜃 and cot⁡ 𝜃 = cos⁡ 𝜃 ]
cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
1+ 2
sin ⁡ 𝐴
cos2 ⁡ 𝐴 + sin2 ⁡ 𝐴 1
cos 2⁡ 𝐴 cos 2⁡ 𝐴
⁡= 2 2 = [∵ sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1]
sin ⁡ 𝐴 + cos ⁡ 𝐴 1
sin2 ⁡ 𝐴 sin2 ⁡ 𝐴
1 sin ⁡ 𝐴 sin2 ⁡ 𝐴
2
⁡= × = = tan2 ⁡ 𝐴 = RHS
cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 1 cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴
sin⁡ 𝜃
[∵ tan⁡ 𝜃 = ]
cos⁡ 𝜃
1 − tan⁡ 𝐴 2
Mid term = ( )
1 − cot⁡ 𝐴
sin⁡ 𝐴 2
1 − cos⁡ 𝐴 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
⁡= ( ) [∵ tan⁡ 𝜃 = or cot⁡ 𝜃 = ]
cos⁡ 𝐴 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
1 − sin⁡ 𝐴
(cos⁡ 𝐴 − sin⁡ 𝐴)2
cos 2⁡ 𝐴 (cos⁡ 𝐴 − sin⁡ 𝐴)2 × sin2 ⁡ 𝐴
⁡= =
(sin⁡ 𝐴 − cos⁡ 𝐴)2 (sin⁡ 𝐴 − cos⁡ 𝐴)2 × cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴
sin2 ⁡ 𝐴
2
sin ⁡ 𝐴
⁡= = tan2 ⁡ 𝐴 = RHS
cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴
⁡∴ ⁡ LHS = Mid term = RHS

21. Prove the following identities.

(i) (1 + cot⁡ 𝜃 − cosec⁡ 𝜃)(1 + tan⁡ 𝜃 + sec⁡ 𝜃) = 2

tan⁡ 𝜃+sec⁡ 𝜃−1 1+sin⁡ 𝜃
(ii) tan⁡ 𝜃−sec⁡ 𝜃+1 = cos⁡ 𝜃

SOLUTION: (i) LHS = (1 + cot⁡ 𝜃 − cosec⁡ 𝜃)(1 + tan⁡ 𝜃 + sec⁡ 𝜃)

cos⁡ 𝜃 1 sin⁡ 𝜃 1
⁡= (1 + − ) (1 + + )
sin⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
sin⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝜃 − 1 sin⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝜃 + 1
⁡= ( )( )
sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
(sin⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝜃)2 − 1
⁡=
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃
sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 2sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 − 1
⁡=
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃
1 + 2sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 − 1
⁡=
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃
2sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃
= = 2 = RHS
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃
Hence proved.
 tan⁡ 𝜃+sec⁡ 𝜃−1
(ii) LHS = tan⁡ 𝜃−sec⁡ 𝜃+1

(tan⁡ 𝜃 + sec⁡ 𝜃) − (sec 2 ⁡ 𝜃 − tan2 ⁡ 𝜃)

⁡=
tan⁡ 𝜃 − sec⁡ 𝜃 + 1
(∵ sec 2 ⁡ 𝜃 − tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1]
⁡=
tan⁡ 𝜃 + sec⁡ 𝜃){1 − (sec⁡ 𝜃 − tan⁡ 𝜃)}
tan⁡ 𝜃 − sec⁡ 𝜃 + 1
(∵ 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)]
⁡=
tan⁡ 𝜃 + sec⁡ 𝜃)(tan⁡ 𝜃 − sec⁡ 𝜃 + 1)
sin⁡ 𝜃 1 sin⁡ 𝜃 + 1
⁡= + = = RHS
cos⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
Hence proved

22. 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑥sin⁡ 𝜃 𝑏𝑦cos⁡ 𝜃

If cos⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 and − = 0, then prove that (𝑎𝑥)2/3 + (𝑏𝑦)2/3 =
cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃
(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )2/3 .
𝑎𝑥sin⁡ 𝜃 𝑏𝑦cos⁡ 𝜃
SOLUTION: Given, − = 0 ….(i)
cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃

𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦
and cos⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ….(ii)

From Eq. (i), we have

⇒⁡ 𝑎𝑥sin3 ⁡ 𝜃 − 𝑏𝑦cos3 ⁡ 𝜃 =0
2/3 2/3
sin3 ⁡ 𝜃 cos 3 ⁡ 𝜃 cos 3 ⁡ 𝜃
⇒⁡ ⁡( = ) =( )
𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑥
sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃
⇒⁡ = =
(𝑏𝑦)2/3 (𝑎𝑥)2/3 (𝑏𝑦)2/3 + (𝑎𝑥)2/3
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐
[∵ = ⇒ each ratio = ]
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏+𝑑
sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 cos 2 ⁡ 0 1
⁡⇔ ⁡ = =
(𝑏𝑦)2/3 (𝑎𝑥)2/3 (𝑏𝑦)2/3 + (𝑎𝑥)2/3
∣∵ sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1]
(𝑏𝑦)2/1
⁡∴ ⁡sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 =
(𝑏𝑦)2/3 + (𝑎𝑐)2/3
(𝑎𝑥)2/3
nnd ⁡cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃 =
(𝑏𝑦)2/3 + (𝑎𝑥)2/3
(𝑏𝑦)1/9
⁡⇒ ⁡sin⁡ 𝜃 =
√(𝑏𝑦)2/9 + (𝑎𝑥)2/3
(𝑎𝑥)1/9
and ⁡cos⁡ 𝜃 =
√(𝑏𝑦)2/3 + (𝑎𝑥)2/3

13
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 Substituting the value of sin⁡ 𝜃 and cos⁡ 𝜃 in Eq. (ii), we have

⁡(𝑎𝑥)2/3 √(𝑏𝑦)2/3 + (𝑎𝑥)2/3

⁡+(𝑏𝑦)2/3 √(𝑏𝑦)2/3 + (𝑎𝑥)2/3 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2

3/2
⁡⇒ ⁡[(𝑎𝑥)2/3 + (𝑏𝑦)2/3 ] = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
⁡⇒ ⁡(𝑎𝑥)2/3 + (𝑏𝑦)2/3 = (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )2/3 Hence proved.

23. 3 3𝜋
Find the value of cos⁡ 𝜃 and tan⁡ 𝜃, if sin⁡ 𝜃 = − and 𝜋 < 𝜃 < .
5 2

SOLUTION: We know that cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1 ⇒ cos⁡ 𝜃 = ±√1 − sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 Given that, 𝜋 < 𝜃 <
3𝜋
⇒ 𝜃 lies in third quadrant.
2

In third quadrant, cos⁡ 𝜃 is negative.

9 4
⁡∴ ⁡cos⁡ 𝜃 = −√1 − sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 = −√1 − =−
25 5
sin⁡ 𝜃 3 5 3
Now, tan⁡ 𝜃 = = − ( ) × (− ) =
cos⁡ 𝜃 5 4 4
24. 1
If cos⁡ 𝜃 = − 2 , 𝜃 lies in III quadrant, then find other five trigonometric functions.

1
SOLUTION: We have, cos⁡ 𝜃 = − 2 and 𝜃 lies in III quadrant.
We know that sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1

⇒ ⁡sin⁡ 𝜃 = ±√1 − cos2 ⁡ 𝜃

In III quadrant, sin⁡ 𝜃 is negative, therefore

1 2
sin⁡ 𝜃⁡= −√1 − cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃 = −√1 − (− )
2

1 4−1
⁡= −√1 − = −√
4 4
−√3
⇒ sin⁡ 𝜃⁡=
2
sin⁡ 𝜃 −√3/2
Now, tan⁡ 𝜃 = cos⁡ 𝜃 = = √3
−1/2
 1 1 −2 −√3
cosec⁡ 𝜃 = = = ⁡ [∵ sin⁡ 𝜃 = ]
sin⁡ 𝜃 −√3 √3 2
( 2 )
1 1 1
sec⁡ 𝜃 = = = −2 [∵ cos⁡ 𝜃 = − ]
cos⁡ 𝜃 (− 1) 2
2
1 1
and cot⁡ 𝜃 = = [∵ tan⁡ 𝜃 = √3]
tan⁡ 𝜃 √3

Hence, other five trigonometric functions are

−√3 −2
sin⁡ 𝜃 = , cosec⁡ 𝜃 = ,
2 √3
1
sec⁡ 𝜃 = −2, tan⁡ 𝜃 = √3 and cot⁡ 𝜃 = .
√3
25. 3 3𝜋 sec⁡ 𝜃−cot⁡ 𝜃
If sin⁡ 𝜃 = − 5 and 𝜋 < 𝜃 < , then find the value of tan⁡ 𝜃−cosec⁡ 𝜃.
2

3𝜋
SOLUTION: Here, 𝜋 < 𝜃 < , it means 𝜃 lies in third quadrant.
2

3 1 1 5
We have, sin⁡ 𝜃 = − 5, then cosec⁡ 𝜃 = sin⁡ 𝜃 = −3/5 = − 3

3 2
Now, sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1 ⇒ (− 5) + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1

9 16 16
⇒cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 1 − = ⇒ cos⁡ 𝜃 = ±√
25 25 25
4
⇒ ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ cos⁡ 𝜃 = ±
5
Since, 𝜃 lies in third quadrant. So, cos⁡ 𝜃 is negative.

4 1 5
∴ ⁡cos⁡ 𝜃⁡= − ⇒ sec⁡ 𝜃 = =−
5 cos⁡ 𝜃 4
sin⁡ 𝜃 −3/5 3 5 3
tan⁡ 𝜃⁡= = = × =
cos⁡ 𝜃 −4/5 5 4 4
1 1 4
and cot⁡ 𝜃⁡= = =
tan⁡ 𝜃 3/4 3

On putting these values in given expression, we get

5 4 −15 − 16
sec⁡ 𝜃 − cot⁡ 𝜃 (− 4 − 3) ( ) 31
= = 12 =−
tan⁡ 𝜃 − cosec⁡ 𝜃 3 5 9 + 20 29
(4 + 3) ( 12 )

15
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
26. Which of the following is not correct?
1
(i) sin⁡ 𝜃 = − 5
(ii) cos⁡ 𝜃 = 1
1
(iii) sec⁡ 𝜃 = 2
(iv) tan⁡ 𝜃 = 20
1
SOLUTION: (i) sin⁡ 𝜃 = − 5 ∈ [−1,1] Therefore, the given equation is correct.

(ii) cos⁡ 𝜃 = 1 ∈ [−1,1] Therefore, the given equation is correct.

(iii) Since, sec⁡ 𝜃 ∈ (−1,1)

1
⁡∴ ⁡sec⁡ 𝜃 ≠ ,
2
1
⁡⇒ sec⁡ 𝑥 = is not correct.
2
(iv) tan⁡ 𝜃 = 20 ∈ (−∞, ∞). Therefore, the given equation is correct.

27. 1
If 𝑥 is any non-zero real number, show that cos⁡ 𝜃 and sin⁡ 𝜃 can never be equal to 𝑥 + 𝑥.

SOLUTION: Given 𝑥 is any non-zero real number, then 𝑥 may be greater than zero or less
than zero.

Here, two cases arise

(i) When 𝑥 > 0, then

1 1 2 1 1
𝑥+ = (√𝑥)2 + ( ) − 2 × √𝑥 × ⁡+2 × √𝑥 ×
𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥
2
1 1
𝑥 + = ( √𝑥 − ) + 2 ≥ 2
𝑥 √𝑥
(ii) When 𝑥 < 0, then

⁡𝑥 = −𝑦, 𝑦 > 0 (let)

1 1
⁡∴ ⁡ − 𝑦 − = − (𝑦 + )
𝑦 𝑦
1 1
⁡⇒ ⁡ − (𝑦 + ) ≤ −2 ⇒ 𝑥 + ≤ −2
𝑦 𝑥
1 1
⁡∴ 𝑥 + ≥ 2 for 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 + ≤ −2 for 𝑥 < 0
𝑥 𝑥
But − 1 ≤ sin⁡ 𝜃 ≤ 1 and − 1 ≤ cos⁡ 𝜃 ≤ 1 for all 𝜃
1
⁡∴ 𝑥 + can not be equal to sin⁡ 𝜃 or cos⁡ 𝜃.
𝑥
28. Evaluate
(i) sin⁡(−1125∘ )
(ii) sin⁡ 930∘
(iii) cos⁡(−870∘ )
 (iv) tan⁡(−2025∘ )

SOLUTION: (i) sin⁡(−1125∘ ) = −sin⁡(1125∘ )⁡[∵ sin⁡(−𝜃) = −sin⁡ 𝜃]

⁡= −sin⁡(1080∘ + 45∘ )
⁡= −sin⁡(3 × 360∘ + 45∘ )
⁡= −sin⁡ 45∘ ⁡[∵ sin⁡(𝑛 × 360∘ + 𝜃) = sin⁡ 𝜃]
1
⁡= −
√2
(ii) sin⁡(930∘ ) = sin⁡(3 × 360∘ − 150∘ ) = −sin⁡ 150∘

[∵ sin⁡(𝑛 × 360∘ − 𝜃) = −sin⁡ 𝜃, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍]

=⁡−sin⁡(180∘ − 30∘ )
=⁡−sin⁡ 30∘ ⁡[∵ sin⁡(180∘ − 𝜃)] = sin⁡ 𝜃
1
=⁡−
2
(iii) cos⁡(−870∘ ) = cos⁡ 870∘ ⁡[∵ cos⁡(−𝜃) = cos⁡ 𝜃] = cos⁡(720∘ + 150∘ ) = cos⁡(2 × 360∘ +
150∘ )

= cos⁡ 150∘ ⁡[∵ cos⁡(𝑛 × 360∘ + 𝜃) = cos⁡ 𝜃, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍]

√3
= cos⁡(180∘ − 30∘ ) = −cos⁡ 30∘ ⁡[∵ cos⁡(180∘ − 𝜃) = −cos⁡ 𝜃] = − 2

(iv) tan⁡(−2025∘ ) = −tan⁡(2025∘ )⁡[∵ tan⁡(−𝜃) = −tan⁡ 𝜃] = −tan⁡(6 × 360∘ − 135∘ )

= tan⁡ 135∘ ⁡[∵ tan⁡(𝑛 × 360∘ − 𝜃) = −tan⁡ 𝜃, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍]

= tan⁡(90∘ + 45∘ ) = −cot⁡ 45∘ ⁡[∵ tan⁡(90∘ + 𝜃) = −cot⁡ 𝜃] = −1

29. Find the value of:

25𝜋
(i) sin⁡ ( )
3
41𝜋
(ii) cos⁡ ( )
4

25𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 √3
SOLUTION: (i) sin⁡ ( ) = sin⁡ (8𝜋 + 3 ) = sin⁡ (2𝜋 × 4 + 3 ) = sin⁡ 3 = ⁡[∵ sin⁡(2𝑛𝜋 + 𝜃) =
3 2
sin⁡ 𝜃, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍]
41𝜋 𝜋
(ii) cos⁡ ( ) = cos⁡ (10𝜋 + 4 )
4

𝜋 𝜋
⁡= cos⁡ (2𝜋 × 5 + ) = cos⁡
4 4
1
⁡= ⁡[∵ cos⁡(2𝑛𝜋 + 𝜃) = cos⁡ 𝜃𝑛 ∈ 𝑍]
√2

17
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
30. 𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
Prove that cot 2 ⁡ (6 ) + cosec⁡ + 3tan2 ⁡ 6 = 6
6

𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
SOLUTION: LHS = cot 2 ⁡ ( 6 ) + cosec⁡ + 3tan2 ⁡ 6
6

𝜋 2 𝜋 𝜋 2
⁡= (cot⁡ ) + cosec⁡ (𝜋 − ) + 3 (tan⁡ )
6 6 6
𝜋 2 𝜋 𝜋 2
⁡= (cot⁡ ) + cosec⁡ + 3 (tan⁡ )
6 6 6
[∵ cosec⁡(𝜋 − 𝜃) = cosec⁡ 𝜃]
1 2
⁡= (√3)2 + 2 + 3 ( ) ⁡ Hence proved.
√3
⁡= 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 = RHS
31. 3𝜋 3𝜋
Prove that cos⁡ ( 2 + 𝑥) cos⁡(2𝜋 + 𝑥) {cot⁡ ( 2 − 𝑥) + cot⁡(2𝜋 + 𝑥)} = 1.

SOLUTION: LHS

3𝜋 3𝜋
= cos⁡ ( + 𝑥) cos⁡(2𝜋 + 𝑥) {cot⁡ ( − 𝑥) + cot⁡(2𝜋 + 𝑥)}
2 2
= sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥(tan⁡ 𝑥 + cot⁡ 𝑥)
3𝜋
[∵ cos⁡ ( + 𝑥) = sin⁡ 𝑥, cos⁡(2𝜋 + 𝑥) = cos⁡ 𝑥,
2
3𝜋
cot⁡ ( − 𝑥) = tan⁡ 𝑥, cot⁡(2𝜋 + 𝑥) = cot⁡ 𝑥]
2
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
⁡= sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 ( + )
cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥
⁡= sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 ( ) = 1 = RHS Hence proved
sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥

32. 𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
Prove that cos⁡ 8 + cos⁡ + cos⁡ + cos⁡ =0
8 8 8

𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
SOLUTION: L.HS = cos⁡ 8 + cos⁡ + cos⁡ + cos⁡
8 8 8

𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
⁡= cos⁡ + cos⁡ + cos⁡ (𝜋 − ) + cos⁡ (𝜋 − )
8 8 8 8
𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
⁡= cos⁡ + cos⁡ − cos⁡ − cos⁡
8 8 8 8
⁡= 0 = RHS
[∵ cos⁡(𝜋 − 𝜃) = −cos⁡ 𝜃]
Hence proved.

33. Find the value of sin⁡ 135∘ cosec⁡ 225∘ tan⁡ 150∘ cot⁡ 315∘ .

SOLUTION: sin⁡ 135∘ cosec⁡ 225∘ tan⁡ 150∘ cot⁡ 315∘

⁡= sin⁡(180∘ − 45∘ )cosec⁡(180∘ + 45∘ )

⁡tan⁡(180∘ − 30∘ )cot⁡(360∘ − 45∘ )
⁡= sin⁡ 45∘ (−cosec⁡ 45∘ )(−tan⁡ 30∘ )(−cot⁡ 45∘ )
 [∵ sin⁡(180∘ − 𝜃) = sin⁡ 𝜃cosec⁡(180∘ + 𝜃) = −cosec⁡ 𝜃] tan⁡(180∘ − 𝜃) = −tan⁡ 𝜃 and
cot⁡(360∘ − 𝜃) = −cot⁡ 𝜃 = −sin⁡ 45∘ cosec⁡ 45∘ tan⁡ 30∘ cot⁡ 45∘

1 1 1
=− ⋅ √2 ⋅ ⋅1 =−
√2 √3 √3

19
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277