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EE-322 Lecture-4 - 1 Comm

The document covers the Fourier Transform, explaining its application to both periodic and non-periodic signals, along with the conditions for its existence. It details properties of the Fourier Transform, including linearity and time-frequency duality, and discusses the characteristics of Fourier Transforms for real, odd, and even signals. Additionally, examples are provided to illustrate these concepts in the context of analog and digital communication.

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12 views21 pages

EE-322 Lecture-4 - 1 Comm

The document covers the Fourier Transform, explaining its application to both periodic and non-periodic signals, along with the conditions for its existence. It details properties of the Fourier Transform, including linearity and time-frequency duality, and discusses the characteristics of Fourier Transforms for real, odd, and even signals. Additionally, examples are provided to illustrate these concepts in the context of analog and digital communication.

Uploaded by

chucklingchamp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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07/02/2025

EE322
Analog & Digital Communication

Dr. Imran Javed


(Lecture 4)

Department of Electrical Engineering,


UET Lahore
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Fourier Transform
• Fourier series expresses a periodic signal as a linear
combination of some basic signals i.e., complex
exponentials, or sinusoidal components.
• Fourier transform expands the non-periodic signals in
terms of complex exponentials. However, the resulting
spectrum is not discrete.
• The spectrum of nonperiodic signals covers a continuous
range of frequencies.
• For periodic signals, the Fourier series coefficients are
the values of Fourier transform evaluated at discrete
frequencies: 𝐷𝑛 =
1
𝐺𝑇 (𝑓)ቚ
0
𝑇0 𝑓=𝑛𝑓0

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Conditions for the existence of Fourier Transform

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Example

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Fourier Transform for Real Signals


• For real x(t), the transform X(f) is a Hermitian function, i.e.,

• Hence, magnitude spectrum has even symmetry, while phase


spectrum has odd symmetry

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Fourier Transform for Odd and Even Signals


• For real and even signals, the imaginary part of X(f)
vanishes, therefore, the Fourier transform X(f) will be
real and even
• For real and odd signals, the real part of X(f)
vanishes, therefore, the Fourier transform X(f) will be
imaginary and odd

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Fourier Transform in ω-domain

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Properties of Fourier Transform


• Linearity
• Time-frequency Duality (Symmetry property)
• Time-shifting property
• Time-scaling property
• Convolution
• Frequency-shifting property (Modulation)
• Autocorrelation
• Time differentiation
• Time integration
• Moments

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(Fourier series of Impulse Train)

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