Mark Scheme (Final)

Summer 2024

Pearson Advanced Extension Award

In Mathematics (9811)
Paper 01
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Summer 2024
Question Paper Log Number 72907
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2024
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used
appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should
always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by
which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an
alternative response.
Question Scheme Marks AOs
1 p ( p − 1) Correct numerical B1 1
(1 − 8 x) p = (1+) − 8 px + (−8 x) 2 coefficients of relevant
2 terms, may be seen in an
p ( p − 1)( p − 2) expansion or listed
+ (−8 x)3 + ... separately. Need not be
6 simplified.

64 p( p − 1) 83 p( p − 1)( p − 2) Equates the relevant M1 2

 −8 p + =− coefficients. If the x’s are left
2 6 in and never recovers just
coefficients, M0.
 −3 + 12( p − 1) = −32( p 2 − 3 p + 2) Cancels or factors to achieve a dM1 1
quadratic in p (need not be
expanded).

 32 p 2 − 84 p + 49 = 0 Correct expanded and A1 2

gathered quadratic.

 ( 4 p − 7 )(8 p − 7 ) = 0  p = ... Solves their 3 term ddM1 1

quadratic
Need p( p − 1)  0 so (p < 0 or) p  1 Correct consideration of the x 2 M1 3
coefficient to disambiguate (a
selection must be made). Must
have had at least two roots to
choose from.
May be by substitution to see which gives a positive, or consideration of ranges. Note
p > 0 stated is M0. If they have incorrect roots allow for due consideration given to
attempt to select appropriate root(s).
7 Correct answer only. A1 2
p=
4
(7)
(Total 7 marks)
Question Scheme Marks AOs
2(a) Distance from curve to O is given by Correct formula. Allow B1 1
with D2 =… or x2+y2 =…
D2 = ( x − 0)2 + ( y − 0)2 = x 2 + y 2 = 4 − 3 y + 6sin y
(1)
(b) d 2 Realises they need to M1 3
Need to minimise: D ( = −3 + 6 cos y ) = 0 minimise and applies a
dy correct process to do so.
dD  1 −3 + 6 cos y  The differentiation need
Or e.g. = =0 not be correct for this mark
dy  2 4 − 3 y + 6sin y 

1   A1 1
 cos y =  y= At least one of y = 
2 3 3
from a correct derivative.

    Proceeds to find a value for dM1 2

 D 2 = 4 − 3    + 6sin    = ... D or D2 for either root of
 3  3 form kπ  (−5, 2), k  0 .
Note: If the derivative was not fully correct, allow the final two marks below for work
from a correct numerator set to zero, ie −3 + 6 cos y = 0

From graph, minimum is clearly in lower half Selects correct solution for A1 3
the minimum with minimal
d2
plane. (Alt: 2 D2 = −6sin y  0 for the reason, getting at least as
dy far as D2.
Reason may be comparison
3
negative root only.) Hence D 2 = 4 +  − 6 of relative values and
2 choosing smaller (accept if
both found and correct one
clearly indicated as
answer).

So minimum distance is D = 4 +  − 3 3 Correct simplified value A1 2

only for minimum
distance. (Allow if no
reason given.)
(5)
(Total 6 marks)
 Question Scheme Marks AOs
Note: mark the mathematics throughout, do not penalise minor notation indiscretions if the
intention is clear throughout.
3(i)  1 1 Takes tangents of both M1 2
k = tan  arctan − arctan  sides.
 2 3
1 1 Applies the correct M1 1
tan arctan − tan arctan compound angle
= 2 3
formula – signs must be
1 1
1 + tan arctan tan arctan correct.
2 3
1 1 3− 2 Simplifies to the correct A1 2
− fraction
2 3 = 6 =1
1 1 6 +1 7
1+
23 6
(3)
3(i) Geometric Approach: where  = arctan k Identifies suitable M1 2
Alt 2 triangles and applies the
2  2 10   1  2
cosine rule to find
5 +  − 
3  3  7 2 cos
cos  =  = ..  = 
2 10  10 
2 5
3
Proceeds to use M1 1
( )
2
1 − 7 2 /10  2 1 Pythagoras to find
 k = tan  = = ...  =  k = tan 
7 2 /10 7 2 7
1 Simplifies to the correct A1 2
k= fraction.
7

(3)

Helpful Diagram for the geometric approach:

Question Scheme Marks AOs
3(ii)(a) ( cos3A =) cos ( 2 A + A) = cos 2 A cos A − sin 2 Asin A Applies the correct
compound angle
M1 1
formula

( )
= 2cos2 A − 1 cos A − 2sin A cos A sin A Uses correct double angles formulae
to reach an expression in single angle
M1 2
only.

(
= 2cos3 A − cos A − 2 1 − cos 2 A cos A ) Eliminates sin A and
completes proof
A1* 2

= 4cos3 A − 3cos A* correctly.

(3)
(ii)(b) cos 40 = cos ( 2  20 ) = 2a 2 − 1 Correct expression B1 1

1 3
Alt:  cos 40 = cos(60 − 20) =  a + 1 − a2
2 2

( ) M1 1
(ii)(c) Applies the double angle
cos80 = cos ( 2  40 ) = 2 2a 2 − 1 − 1
2
formula for cos a second
time with their (b)
1 3
Alt: cos80 = cos(60 + 20) = a sin 20
2 2
1 3 Simplified to correct A1 2
= 8a4 − 8a2 + 1 Alt a− 1 − a2 expression.
2 2
(3)
(ii)(d) 1 Uses A = 20º and B1* 1
( A = 20  ) 4a3 − 3a = cos 60 = * achieves the result.
2
(1)
(ii)(e)
( )(
cos 20 cos 40 cos80 = a 2a 2 − 1 8a 4 − 8a 2 + 1 (b) and (c) to form an ) Uses the expressions from M1 1

( = 16a 7
− 24a5 + 10a3 − a)
expression in a only
provided their expressions
are not just multiples of a.

( )(
= 2a3 − a 6a 2 + a − 8a 2 + 1 ) Uses the expression from (d) to
reduce power at least once or
M1 3

( 4a − 3a ) = 16a 6 − 24a 4 + 9a 2
attempts to use (d) to compare.
3 2
Allow if attempted on a partial

( )
Or e.g. expression.
 .. = a ( 4a 3 − 3a ) + a 2 − 1
2

1  Continues to reduce M1 2

2
1
=   3a +  − a  a − 2a 2 + 1
2 
( ) powers of a to get to a
cubic provided their
expressions in (b) and
1
= ( 2a + 1) a − 2a 2 + 1
4
( ) (c) were correct up to
sign error. Other steps
1
(
= −4a 3 + 3a + 1
4
) are possible.
 1 1 1 1 1 Correct completion of A1 2
= 1 −  =  = * proof.
4 2 4 2 8
(4)
Total 14 marks
(ii)(e) 1 Applies appropriate M1 1
Alt cos 20 cos 40 cos80 = cos 20 ( cos120 + cos 40 ) product to sum
2 formula

1  1  Replaces cos120º M1 2
= a  − + 2a 2 − 1 correctly and uses
2  2  result of (b) to get
expression in a.
Combines terms and M1 3
=
1
4
(
a 4a 2 − 3 ) identifies the
expression from (d) in
1
(
= 4a 3 − 3a
4
) their expression.

1 1 1 Correct completion of A1 2
=  = * proof.
4 2 8
(4)
Other alternatives are possible but will be uncommon.
(ii)(a) by De Moivre: M1: (cos 3 A + i sin 3 A) = ( cos A + i sin A ) = c (+3ic s) + 3i cs (+i s )
3 3 2 2 2 3 3

M1: cos 3 A = Re ( cos 3 A + i sin 3 A) = Re ( cos A + i sin A) = cos A − 3 cos A sin A

3 3 2

A1: As scheme.
(ii)(e) M1 for setting up suitable equation using their results as scheme, M1 beginning the process of
working towards the answer, M1: continuing the process to a point from which the answer is deducible,
A1: Fully correct proof. E.g.
1 3  1 3 
cos 20 cos 40 cos80 = a  a − 1 − a 2  a + 1 − a 2  (M1)
2 2  2 2 
1
4
3
(
= a  a 2 − 1 − a 2  (M1)
4 
)
1
(
= 4a 3 − 3a (M1) =
4
) 1
8
A1*
Question Scheme Marks AOs
4(a) dx Any correct derivative expression B1 1
x 3 tan u 3 sec 2 u for the substitution.
du
1 1 Complete substitution M1 2
2
dx 3 sec2 u du for u made (including
3 x 3 3tan 2 u replacing dx)
Applies Pythagorean M1 2
3 sec 2 u 3 sec 2 u
du du identity and simplifies
3 1 tan 2 u 3 sec2 u and integrates (allow
3 3 without + c)
1du u ( c)
3 3

x Correct u in terms of x B1 2
x 3 tan u u arctan
3
Correct answer (including +c) from A1 1
1 3
2
dx arctan 3 x c fully correct working. (Allow with
3 x 3 3 1
) Allow tan −1 notation.
3
(5)
(b) 3u 3 dx 3(u 3) (3u 3) 1 12 Attempts quotient rule M1 1
x or other appropriate
u 3 du (u 3)2 (u 3)2 method ; correct
12 derivative, suitably
or x 3
u 3
...
simplified numerator. A1 1

x 3 u 1, x 1 u 3 Correct change of B1 2
limits seen (S+)

3u 3 Complete substitution, M1 2
ln 3 including replacing dx,
ln(3 x) u 3 12
dx 2
du condone small slips e.g
3 x2 3u 3 (u 3) 2 with signs, but terms
3 should be correctly
u 3
placed.
12
ln
Simplifies to achieve a M1 3
3 u ln12 ln(3 u ) Quadratic denominator
12 du 12 du
3(u 3) 2 3u 3
2
12u 2 36 and splits the log term
– but ln(−12) is M0.
1
ln(3 x) 3
ln12 ln(3 u ) Fully correct with logs A1 3
I dx du split, u2 + 3 clear in
3 3 x2 1 u2 3 denominator and
correct limits attached
1
ln12 ln(3 u ) Correct process of changing order of limits M1 3
du and negating seen at some stage of working.
3 u2 3 (May be on just the I integral.) (S+)
1 1 Recognises I in the M1 3
ln12
2
du I 2I ln12 3 arctan u 3 integral, makes the
3u 3 3 3 3 subject and applies their
result of (a)

3 ln12 3
Applies limits. dM1 3
I arctan arctan 3 Depends on previous
6 3 M.
 3 ln12    3 ln12 Correct answer. A1 2
6 6 3 12
(10)
Award S1 for: S1 2
• a fully correct solution that is succinct but does not mention any S+
points
• a solution scoring 13+ marks that may be laboured but includes an S+
point
(1)
Total 15+1 marks
S+ For clear demonstration of the change of limits.
S+ For good explanation/demonstration of reversal of limits.
Question Scheme Marks AOs
5(a) Recognises a+e is parallel to B1 2
AB k (a e)
AB
Correct method for comparing M1 3
a e 2 a cos 30 a 3,
modulus/working out length of
3a k ... a+e
AB
Correct answer (oe) A1 3
AB 3(a e)
(3)
(b) OD OE ED OE AB ... A correct strategy to find OD M1 1

OD = e + 3(a + e) = 3a + ( 3 + 1) e Either form acceptable (oe). A1 1

(2)
(c) 2 For any correct strategy to find M1 3
RC RB BC AB OE ...
3 RC
2 2 2 A correct expression A1 3
3(a e) e 3a 3 1e
3 3 3
(2)
(d) OX OA AR p RC For any complete, valid M1 3
method to obtain OX in A1 3
3 2p 2 terms a, e and a scalar
a (a e) 3a p 3 1e
3 3 3 using the collinearity of R,
C and X.

OX qOD q 3a q 3 1 e For a second correct expression for OX in B1ft 1

terms of a, e and a scalar using their OD
Note: allow the first three marks if the same variable is used for both equations, but the
next M will not be available unless they recover to two variables.

 3 2p 3 Equates M1 3
 1+ + =q 3
( p −1 = q )
components of the
 3 3 two equations and
 solves. (S+)
 p = ... or q = ...
 3 + 2 p 3 + p = q 3 +1
 3 3
( )
p = 3 + 4 or q = 3 + 3 A correct value for either of the A1 3
two unknowns that were used.

OX 3 3 1a 2 2 3 3e Correct answer. Accept A1 3

equivalent simplified in correct
form.
(6)
Award S2 for a solution scoring 13 marks that is succinct and includes S2 2
some S+ points (see notes below).
Award S1 for:
• a fully correct solution that is succinct but does not mention any S+
points
 • a solution scoring 11+ marks that may be laboured but includes an S+
point
(Total 13+2 marks)
Note:
S+ for consistent, correct vector notation used throughout the answer. May use underlining or
over arrows, but vectors should be easily distinguishable from scalars.
S+ for elegant approaches to finding the relevant vectors for individual parts.
S+ for efficient solution to the simultaneous equations.

Note use of i and j vector components may be used but would not be a succinct solution.
Alternative approaches using components in i and j directions may be seen. They will need to
return to a and e to access the marks in parts worth 2 marks.

Approach via gradients may be seen in (d).

M1: Attempting equation of line RX
A1: Correct equation of line RX
B1: Correct equation of line OX
M1: Solve to find coordinates of X
A1: Correct coordinates with respect to their system.
A1: Correct final expression.

E.g. Using M as midpoint of AE and OM = i, MA = j

4 3  −3 2 3 
M1: RC =  + 1 i − j so mRC = , and OR =  + 1 i + j giving equation
 3  3 + 4 3  3 
−3   2 3 
y − "1" = " "  x − " 1 +  "
3 + 4 3   3  

−3   2 3  
A1: y − 1 =  x − 1 + 
3 + 4 3   3  
−1 −1
( )
B1: OD = 2 3 + 1 i − j so mOD =
1+ 2 3
y=
1+ 2 3
x

−1 −3   2 3  
M1: x = 1+  x − 1 +    x = ..., y = ... (lots of work!)
1+ 2 3 3 + 4 3   3  
A1: x = 7 3 + 9, y = −3 − 3
a+e a −e

( ) ( ) (
A1: OX  = 7 3 + 9 i − 3 + 3 j = 7 3 + 9
 2
)
− 3+ 3 ( )
2 
( ) (
= 3+3 3 a + 6+ 4 3 e )
But other choices of coordinate system are possible!
Question Scheme Marks AOs
6(a) In equilibrium  8mg = 2  T cos  Attempts to equate upward and downward M1 3
forces for C (allow if sin used) (must
include both forces).
3 4 3 dM1 2
tan  =  cos  =  T = ... Uses tan  = to find cos  (or sin γ)
4 5 4
(may be implied) and proceeds to obtain
an expression for T
 T = 5mg A1 1
(3)
(b) (S+) where WA is the weight of At least forces N, T M1 3
NA T the block, NA is the normal and W drawn
reaction, T is the tension in the correctly.
string and FA is the friction
FA between the slope and block. All four drawn
NWA correctly. Must have A1 3
correct direction.

Forces
labelled/defined A1 2
(angle not required). (S+)
Accept for labels letters N (or R), T F, W or the expression in mg, e.g. 4mg for weight,
their 5mg for T and 4mg cos  for N. S+ for formal definitions. Allow M1A0A1 if W
split into components (and labelled). F must be directed down the plane for first A.
Final A0 if friction is labelled  R . Accept rotated diagrams. Note: if (b) is given in
text mark the diagram drawn, or if no (b) is given score for work on Figure 3.
(3)
(c) Note: If B is considered first, swap the order of A and B in this part (ie first 5 marks can
be awarded for the equivalent work on B, next three for A).
Note: Use of F = ma can score second and third Ms but will require a = 0 to be used to
recover further marks.


 T = FA + 4mg sin  Resolves forces for one of the M1 3
For block A :  blocks (likely block A, block B has
 N A = 4mg cos 
 5 in place of 4), both directions.
Allow if sin and cos are mixed up.
→ T cos  = FA cos  + N A sin 
Alt:  Correct equations with T or follow
  N A cos  + T sin  = 4mg + FA sin  through their (a). May evaluate the A1ft 1
trig terms
 FA = "5mg "− 4mg sin  Uses (a) and finds M1 2
expression for FA
Alt: (or  N or  )
( ) (
F sin 2  + cos2  + 4mg sin  = T cos2  + sin 2  ) (needs to eliminate
N in the alt)

Max friction is  N A Considers maximal friction. May use M1 3

equality or inequality. May have
 5mg − 4mg sin    4mg cos  been introduced earlier.
5 5 13 5 45 15 Correct bounding A1 3
 − tan  =  − = = value for μ for
4 cos  4 12 12 48 16 block A. (oe)
 For block B by similar reasoning we obtain Uses symmetry or restarts on M1 2
5 25 7 18 3 block B to find the bounding (S+)
 − tan  = − = = value for block B
B1 1
5cos  24 24 24 4 Correct value for cos β used in
their equation.
Correct value found. A1 3
Since one block is on point of moving but system in Correct M1 2
equilibrium, need only one friction at max, so larger of the two. reason
(S+)
15 Must be simplified. A1 2
=
16
(10)
Alt for last 5 marks by verification.
Check if B is sliding for A at maximum friction. We have Considers block B and M1 2
 proceeds by symmetry
 T = FB + 5mg sin  or restarting to find the
For block B : 

 N B = 5mg cos  friction force required
for equilibrium and
 FB = "5mg "− 5mg sin  ,  N B = "
15
" 5mg cos  N .
16
7 15 24 Correct trig ratios used. B1 1
FB = "5mg "− 5mg  ,  N B = " "5mg 
25 16 25
18 9 Correct values for F and A1 3
FB = mg ,  N B = mg N
5 2
18  20  9 Correct reason M1 2
Since   = 4   maximum friction is not needed (S+)
5 5  2
for block B hence it is in equilibrium, so not sliding, thus A
is the block on the point of sliding.
15 Must be simplified. A1 2
=
16

Award S2 for a solution scoring 14+ marks that is succinct and includes S2 2
some S+ points (see notes below).
Award S1 for:
• a fully correct solution that is succinct but does not mention any S+
points
• a solution scoring 13+ marks that may be laboured but includes
multiple S+ points
• A succinct solution that scores 13+ marks that includes at least one S+
point
(Total 16+2 marks)
S+ For good diagram/definitions/labelling.
S+ For good reasoning using the similarity of the situation (ie not restarting completely for second
block).
S+ Good explanation of the inequality/reason for choice of μ or other good reasoning.
S+ Formal definitions of the forces given.
Question Scheme Marks AOs
7(a) r1 + r2 Distance Recognition of the distance M1 1
between centres between centres as sum of radii (S+)
and uses Pythagoras on
A
M
is r1 + r2 appropriate triangle.
B
So d 2 = (r1 + r2 ) 2 − (r1 − r2 ) 2
D C
 d = r12 + 2r1r2 + r22 − r12 + 2r1r2 − r22 = 4r1r2 *
2 Expands and A1* 2
completes proof.
(2)
(b) Let the angle subtended at A be θ . Then Correctly shows cosine of the B1 2
adj r1 − r2 appropriate angle - may use
cos  = = another appropriate angle, so
hyp r1 + r2 accept equivalents.
1 2 1 Sets suitable angle and attempts M1 1
The area of sectors is r1  + r2 2 ( −  ) area of both sectors. (Allow with
2 2 different angles for M.)
Correct areas, separate or added.
1 Attempts the area of the M1 1
Trapezium has area ( r1 + r2 ) d = ( r1 + r2 ) r1r2 trapezium using (a). May use
2 rectangle and triangle.
Area bounded is given by Area of trapezium For a correct overall strategy M1 3
ABCD − sectors AMD and BMC to find the area evidenced.

Achieves correct expression. A1* 2

= ( r1 + r2 ) r1r2 −
2
( r1 − r2 )  −  r22 *
1 2 2 1
2
Depends on all three M’s but
not the B.
(5)
(c)(i) 2 Uses the result of (a) and the M1 3
 1 
d 2 = 4r2 r3   2   = 4 1 r3  r3 = ... second term of the GS for
 3 distances to form and solve
an equation for r3
2 r2 r3 1
Alt: =  r3 = ...
2 r1r2 3
1 Correct value A1 3
r3 =
3
(ii) Horizontal distance between centres of Cm+1 Attempts the distance between M1 1
m −1
centres of two general circles
 1  using the G.S. Allow if power
and Cm is d = 2   out by 1. Allow M’s for
 3 equivalent work if indexing is
2 rn + 2 rn +1 1 out by 1.
Alt: =
2 rn +1rn 3 Alt: uses ratio of successive
terms of the GS of distances.

" d 2 " 4 / 3n Uses result of (a) with their M1 3

rn + 2 = = distance to find an expression
4rn +1 4rn +1 for rn + 2 in terms of rn +1
rn + 2 1
Alt:  =
Alt: Squares and cancels
rn 3
 Repeats process to find M1; 3
1 r
= = ...; = n expression in terms of rn ; A1 2
4/3 
n −1
3 Correct answer.
3n  
 4rn  Alt: Rearranges to get rn+ 2 in
1 terms of rn
Alt:  rn + 2 = rn
3
(iii) 1 Recognises alternating terms M1 3
The r2 n−1 form a GS with a=1, r = , so form a G.S and identifies the
3 closed form.
n −1
1
r2 n −1 =  
3
4 / 32 n −2 1 1 Substitutes into the M1; 3
So r2 n = = 2 n −2  3n −1 ; = n −1 = r2 n −1 * formula and find r2n ; A1 2
4r2 n −1 3 3
completes proof.
Alt: The r2n also form a GS with a = r2 = 1, Reasons the other
n −1 alternating terms also
1 1 form a series ; correct
r = , so r2 n =   hence r2 n = r2 n−1
3 3 reason and conclusion.
(9)
(d) For R2 n −1 radii of adjacent circles are equal Considers the odd and even cases M1 3
(S+)
( = 31−n ) and for R2n radii of adjacent
for Rn and identifies the same
ratio of radii. May be implicit in
1  1−n 31−n  working. May be deduced by
circles differ by ratio 3  3 → = 3− n  considering first few terms.
 3 
 Correct value for cos θ or θ B1 2
(For “odd” case cos  = 0   = and) deduced for the even alternate
2 regions. Allow from the n = 1
For “even” case case.
 31−n − 3− n 3 − 1  1 
cos   = 1−n − n =  =  =
 3 +3 3 +1  2 3
M1 3
Area R2 n −1 = ( 31− n + 31− n ) 32(1− n ) − 0 −  32(1− n )
1
2
 1  1 1 1  1 32(1−n )
Area R2 n =  31−n + 31−n  32(1−n ) −  32(1−n ) − 32(1−n )   −  2
 3  3 2 9  2 3

Attempts the general expression for the two types of area, either separately or
as a sum of adjacent pairs. May have θ or their value or an arccos expression.
Alternatively, works out the first term for each GS and extrapolates the series.
1 1
Allow with or for the ratio.
3 3
 9 1  9  4 1 4 1  
 Area R2 n −1 = n  2 −   and Area R2 n = n  − −   
 9  2  9  3 3 27 18  
 1 Recognises the sum to M1 3
So area is given by sum to infinity of GS  . .. infinity of a G.S. is required
1
1− and applies it with suitable
9 ratio (allow 1/3) to at least
one set of areas (or to both
combined)

1  1 4 1 4 1 
Full method, both sets of areas dM1 3
Area = −1 
 2−  + − −  considered, or combined, with
1− 9  2 3 3 27 18  angle attempted and substituted,
to reach an expression for the
area.

9 4 3 19  9 3 19
Correct answer, accept A1 3
Area =  2 + −   = + −  simplified equivalents.
8 9 27  4 2 24

(6)
Award S2 for a solution scoring 20+ marks that is succinct and includes S2 2
some S+ points (see notes below). 2
Award S1 for:
• a fully correct solution that is succinct but does not mention any S+
points
• a solution scoring 18+ marks that may be laboured but includes at
least 2 S+ points
• A succinct solution that scores 18+ marks that includes at least one S+
point.
(Total 22+2 marks)
Notes:
S+ for use of suitable sketches to investigate the problem.
S+ marks for good explanations at the point indicated.
S+ for well communicated solutions, or efficient solutions identified.
c(iii) Suppose r2 k = r2 k −1 for k 1 then Sets up assumption statement M1 3
Alt and applies a suitable formula
4r2 k + 2 r2 k +1 1 r r 1 with the assumption used. There
Induction =  2 k + 2 2 k +1 =
4r2 k +1r2 k 3 r2 k +1r2 k −1 3 may be variations but must be a
suitable expression used.
1 1 Completes the inductive M1 3
 r2( k +1) = r2 k −1  r2 k + 2 =  3r2 k −1+ 2 = r2 k +1 step using the result from
3 3
(c)(ii) (oe other
appropriate steps)
So True for n = k implies true for n = k + 1, and Checks base case A1 2
also true for n = 1 as r2 = 1 = r1 , hence true for correctly and gives
conclusion with inductive
all n statement clear.
(3)
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