PROBABILITY

 A box contains 5 red, 3 blue, 6 green balls. If one ball is drawn at

random from the box, what is the probability that the ball drawn is
a. red?
B. green
C. blue
 A card is drawn from a pack of cards. Find the probability that:
 the drawn card is a face card?
 the drawn card is not a club card?
 In a box there are 5 aspirin, 6 analgin and 10 paracetamol tablets. If
one tablet is chosen as random, find the probability that
 it is aspirin
 it is not paracetamol
 What is the probability of getting an ace or a spade from a pack of
52 cards?
 8 nails and 12 nuts are present in a box. Among them, half of the nails
and half of the nuts are rusted. If an item is chosen at random, what
is the probability that it is rusted or is a nail?
 A bag contains 7 paracetamol and 3 aspirin tablets. Two tablets are
drawn at random one after the other without replacement. What will
be the probability that both the tablets drawn are paracetamol?
BIONOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
 12% of the tablets produced by a tablet machine are defective what
is the probability that out of a random sample of 20 tablets produced
by the machine, 5 are defective?
 The probability that a pharmaceutical company can achieve a target
is 3/4. The count of tries is 5. What is the probability that the
company will attain the target thrice?
POISSON DISTRIBUTION
 An average of 5 cars arrive at a tollbooth every minute, assuming
that to be a poisson distribution, what is the probability that
exactly 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 cars arrive in one minute period.
 the average number of major lethal diseases hit in city is 2 per
year. What is the probability that exactly 3 diseases will hit the city
next year?
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
 The life expectancy of light bulbs whose life times are normally
distributed with a mean life of 750 hours and with standard deviation
of 80 hours
 What is the probability that a light bulb will last 850 hours?
 What is the probability that a bulb will last between 780 and 850
hours?
 In a training program, the director has recorded from the study of
past participants that the mean length of time spent on the program
is 500 hours with standard deviation of 100 hours.
 What is the probability that a candidate selected at random will
take between 500 to 650 hours to complete the training program?
 What is the probability that a candidate selected at random will
take more than 650 hours to complete the program?
 Assume the mean height of sorghum varieties to be 68.22 inches with
a variance of 10.5 inches. How many varieties in a field of 100
varieties, would you expect to be over six feet tall?
 In a sample of 120 tablets in a factory the mean and standard
deviation of active ingredient content were 11.35 and 3.03
respectively. Find the percentage of tablets having active ingredient
content between 9 and 17 in the whole sample assuming that the
active ingredient content is normally distributed.
 The particle size analysis of powder shows normal distribution.
Particle size analysis of data of 10,000 particles shows the mean size
as 750μm and standard deviation 50.
Find: a- the number of particles with size lea than 700 μm.
b- number of particles with size between 700μm and 800 μm.
 Find the standard error of mean of given observations,
x= 10, 20,30,40,50
 A sample of the various prices for a particular product has been
conducted in 16 stores which were selected at random in a
neighborhood of a city. The following prices were noted:
95, 108, 97, 112, 99, 106, 105, 100, 99, 98, 104, 110, 107, 111, 103, 110.
Assuming that the prices of this product follow a normal law of
variance of 25 and an unknown mean:
1. What is the sample mean?
2. Determine the confidence interval at 95% for the population mean.
 The quantity of hemoglobin in the blood spream of a man follows a
normal distribution with a standard deviation of 2 g/dl.
Calculate the confidence level for a sample of 12 men which indicates
that the population mean blood hemoglobin is between 13 and 15g/dl.
 The labeled potency of a tablet dosage form is 100 mg. Ten individual
tablets are assayed according to a quality control specification. The
ten assay results are shown below. Find 95% CI
Assay result for 10 randomly selected tablets (mg)
101.8 104.5
 102.6 100.7
99.8 106.3
104.9 100.6
103.8 105
t- test
 In small study on n=10 children of chronic diarrhea. Suppose the
hemoglobin levels are as follows:
11.5, 12.2, 14.9, 14, 15.4, 13.8, 15, 11.2, 16.1, 13.9
Mean Hb, xbar= 13.8 g/dl and s= 1.67.
Null hypothesis states that normal Hb levels happens to be 14.6
g/dl.
Find whether the claim and actually seen haemoglobin in chronic
diarrhoea children is statistically significant?
 We have the potato yield from 12 different farms. We know that
the standard potato yield for the given variety is µ=20.
x = [21.5, 24.5, 18.5, 17.2, 14.5, 23.2, 22.1, 20.5, 19.4, 18.1, 24.1, 18.5]
Test if the potato yield from these farms is significantly better than
the standard yield.
 A company wants to test the claim that their batteries last more
than 40 hours. Using a simple random sample of 15 batteries
yielded a mean of 44.9 hours, with a standard deviation of 8.9
hours. Test this claim using a significance level of 0.05.
 The following data relate to the days of flowering in two varieties
of mungbean, G-65 and PS-16. Determine whether the two means
are significantly different.
G-65 PS-16
n 30 35
mean 32 38
variance 9.62 14.23
 In a mutation breeding experiment, gamma irradiation effect was
evaluated on 100- seed weight in grams per plant of a mungbean
variety in M generation. The experimenter obtained the following
2
results. Analyze the data using t-test and give your influence as
regards the effect of gamma-irradiation
Control 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.0 4.0 3.7 3.0 4.0 4.0
Treated 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.8
 Comparison of creatinine excretion in males and females:
creatinine excretion is known to depened upon body weight. In a
study on 24 hr creatinine excretion in male and female healthy
adults to examine if a difference exists. Included 150 men and 150
women in this study. In this example, values obtained for 15
subjects in each group are given below:
Men Women
16.6 23.2
19.8 22
17.1 21.9
17 16.7
15.6 14.2
20.3 23.2
24.7 24.8
18.5 25.5
17.6 28.1
22 21.8
24.9 20.9
18.4 18
16.9 19.5
21.1 20.6
23.3 17.3
Paired t- test
 Consider the serum albumin level of 8 randomly chosen patients
of myeloma before and after treatment. The treatment of this
disease is mostly symptomatic, which should not alter the albumin
level.
Serum albumin level (g/dl) in myeloma:
Before treatment 3.8 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.1 3.6 5.1
 After Treatment 3.7 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.0 3.4 4.8

 Consider serum albumin level of 8 randomly chosen patients of

dengue haemorrhagic fever before and after treatment. The
treatment of this disease is mostly symptomatic that should not
alter albumin levels.
Before treatment After treatment
5.1 4.8
3.8 3.7
4 3.8
4.7 4.7
4.5 4.6
4.8 5
4.1 4
3.6 3.4

ONE WAY ANOVA

 An experiment is conducted to study the effectiveness of three
methods of analysis titration, instrumental methods and
advanced methods. In each group four analysts assigned
randomly. The obtained scores are given in the following table. Is
there significant difference among three methods of analysis?
Titration Instrumental methods Advanced analytical methods

X1 X2 X3
4 9 2
 5 10 4
1 9 2
2 6 2
 Three samples of barley were sown in 7 plots each and the
following yield in quintals per acre were obtained. Analyze the
data and find out whether there is a significant difference
between the mean yield of the three samples.
Plots A B C
1 8 7 6
2 10 7 8
3 6 8 10
4 7 9 6
5 9 8 4
6 - 5 5
7 - - 7
TWO- WAY ANOVA
 In an experiment, the mean yields of three rice varieties grown
with four nitrogen rates were recorded. Analyze the data using
the test of analysis of variance to determine whether there is any
difference in the mean yield of the three varieties with four
nitrogen doses. The results are given in following table:
Nitrogen rate kg/ha V V V1 2 3

0 4.5 5.01 6.11

30 4.3 6.17 6.92
60 5.6 6.37 7.27
90 5.21 6.48 7.86