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English Grammar3

The document provides guidelines for using apostrophes in English, detailing how to form possessives for both singular and plural nouns. It also explains the rules for forming the Simple Present tense, including verb conjugation for different subjects and special cases. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice on these grammatical concepts.

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Varaha Mihir
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7 views5 pages

English Grammar3

The document provides guidelines for using apostrophes in English, detailing how to form possessives for both singular and plural nouns. It also explains the rules for forming the Simple Present tense, including verb conjugation for different subjects and special cases. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice on these grammatical concepts.

Uploaded by

Varaha Mihir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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's - Apostrophe, genitive -

English:

Ronny's brother

Singular:

Add 's:
Mandy's brother plays football.
My teacher's name is ...

Plural:

Add the apostrophe ' to regular plural forms:


The girls' room is very nice.
The Smiths' car is black.

Add 's to irregular plural forms:


The children's books are over there.
Men's clothes are on the third floor.

If there are multiple nouns, add an 's only to the last noun:
10
Peter and John's mother is a teacher.

Nouns Apostrophe 's en 313

Write apostrophe 's into the gaps.


Answer: I met Mandy's sister yesterday.

1) This is book. (Peter)

2) Let's go to the . (Smiths)

3) The room is upstairs. (children)

4) sister is twelve years old. (John)

5) and bags have blue stickers. (Susan - Steve)

6) shoes are on the second floor. (men)

7) My car was not expensive. (parents)

8) CD player is new. (Charles)

9) This is the bike. (boy)


Form of the Simple Present
We use the infinitive of the verb. In the 3rd person Singular (he, she, it - or a name) we put
an -s to the end of the infinitive.

infinitive - 3rd person Singular (he, she, it) infinitive + -s

Affirmative sentences:

I/we/you/they play football.


He/she/it plays football.

Negative sentences:

We use the auxiliary do.


I/we/you/they do not play football.
He/she/it does not play football.

NOTE: We often use short forms in negative sentences in the Simple Present:
I/we/you/they don't play football.
He/she/it doesn't play football. 11

Questions:

Do I/we/you/they play football?


Does he/she/it play football?

Simple Present - Spelling

Be careful with some words when using the 3rd person singular.

1) verbs ending in a sibilant [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [ʧ] [ʤ] or verbs ending in -o preceded by a
consonant

We add -es to the infinitive.

Examples:
I watch - he watches
I pass - he passes
I go - he goes
I do - he does
2) verbs ending in -y

verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): Add -s.

Example:
I play - he plays

verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a consonant: Change 'y' to 'i' and add 'es'.

Example:
I hurry - he hurries

Special verbs in the Simple Present

1) have as a full verb

affirmative sentence negative sentence question


I, we, you, they:
I have breakfast. I do not have breakfast. Do I have breakfast?
he, she, it:
He has a shower in the morning. He does not have a shower. Does he have a shower?

2) be as a full verb
12
affirmative sentence negative sentence question
I am from Britain. I am not from Britain. Am I from Britain?
he, she, it:
He is from Britain. He is not from Britain. Is he from Britain?
we, you, they:
We are from Britain. We are not from Britain. Are we from Britain?

We often use the short forms with this verb.

3) do as a full verb

affirmative sentence negative sentence question


I, we, you, they:
I do an exercise. I do not do an exercise. Do I do an exercise?
he, she, it:
He does an exercise. He does not do an exercise. Does he do an exercise?
4) modal auxiliaries can, could, may, must, need, will etc.

affirmative sentence negative sentence question


every time (I, he, she, it, we, you, they):
I can play tennis. I cannot play tennis. Can I play tennis?

NOTE:
We can substitute don't (can't) for do not (cannot).

Modals have the same form every time regardless the subject. We do not add an -s to the
infinitive

13
Exercises

A) Fill in the verbs in brackets into the gaps.

Example: He never writes a letter.


The pupils songs in the classroom. (to sing)
The boys computer games. (not/to play)

B) Which answers are correct?


1) Which of the following words are used with the Simple Present (signal words)?
always
at the moment
every day
now
often
sometimes
yesterday

2) Which verb forms go with the Simple Present? 14


Infinitive
Infinitive + -ed
Infinitive + -ing
Infinitive + s
have + Infinitive + -ed

C) Fill in the correct verb forms.

1) His friend to school.

2) Every morning my mother at 6 o'clock.

D) Negate the sentences.

Example: He works on the computer. - He does not work on the computer.

1) Mr Smith teaches French.

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