MARCIANO DEL ROSARIO MEMORIAL

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name: Date:
Section: Score:

CHARACTERISTICS, STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, AND KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learner:

1. describe characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research

References
1. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. SAGE Publications.
2. Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press.
3. Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. SAGE Publications.
4. Babbie, E. R. (2010). The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning.

REVIEW: (2 minutes)
Complete the activity.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH is a methodical investigation of phenomena via statistical, mathematical, or computational

techniques. It aims to quantify the problem by generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics.
This type of research is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables—and generalize results
from a larger sample population.

PURPOSE OF THE LESSON: (5 minutes)

Copy the following notes on your notebook.

1. Descriptive Research: Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon.

Example 1: A national health survey collecting data on the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes
and hypertension, among different age groups and regions. This provides a snapshot of public health at a
given time.

2. Correlational Research: Determines the relationship between two variables.

Example 1: A study examining the relationship between physical activity levels and mental health outcomes,
such as anxiety and depression, among adults.

3. Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental Research: Examines cause-effect relationships between variables without

random assignment.

Example 1: A study comparing the academic performance of students who participate in extracurricular
activities with those who do not, aiming to identify potential impacts without random assignment.

4. Experimental Research: Investigates causal relationships by manipulating one variable to determine its effect on another,
with random assignment.

Example 1: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the effectiveness of a new weight loss drug, with
participants randomly assigned to receive either the drug or a placebo, measuring weight loss outcomes
over time.

5. Survey Research: Collects data from a predefined group of respondents to gain information and insights on various
topics of interest.

Example 1: A nationwide survey conducted to understand public opinion on climate change, collecting data
on beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors related to environmental conservation.

EXAMPLES: (5 minutes)
Teacher-led discussion. Read and analyze the lesson below.

Descriptive Research: Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon.

Example 2: A market research firm conducting a survey to understand consumer preferences and behaviors
related to smartphone usage, including preferred brands, features, and purchasing patterns.

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 MARCIANO DEL ROSARIO MEMORIAL
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Example 3: A school district collecting data on student attendance rates, graduation rates, and
standardized test scores to assess overall educational performance.

Correlational Research: Determines the relationship between two variables.

Example 2: Research investigating the correlation between social media usage and self-esteem among
teenagers, measuring how time spent on social media platforms relates to self-reported levels of self-
esteem.
Example 3: A study exploring the association between job satisfaction and employee turnover rates within
a company, analyzing how satisfaction scores relate to the frequency of resignations.

Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental Research: Examines cause-effect relationships between variables without random

assignment.

Example 2: Research examining the effects of different diets (e.g., vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) on
cholesterol levels by comparing groups of individuals who have naturally chosen these diets.
Example 3: A study investigating the impact of a new instructional method on reading comprehension scores
by comparing students from two different schools, one using the new method and the other using traditional
methods.

Experimental Research: Investigates causal relationships by manipulating one variable to determine its effect on another,
with random assignment.

Example 2: An experiment assessing the impact of different types of feedback (positive reinforcement vs.
constructive criticism) on employee performance, with employees randomly assigned to receive one type of
feedback.
Example 3: A laboratory experiment investigating the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive
performance, with participants randomly assigned to either a sleep-deprived group or a well-rested group,
and then tested on various cognitive tasks.

Survey Research: Collects data from a predefined group of respondents to gain information and insights on various topics of
interest.

Example 2: A customer satisfaction survey distributed by a retail company to gather feedback on shopping
experiences, product quality, and service, aiming to improve customer relations.
Example 3: A political survey conducted before an election to measure voter intentions, preferences for
candidates, and opinions on key political issues, helping to predict election outcomes.

DISCUSSION OF NEW CONCEPTS (1): (5 minutes)

Teacher-led discussion. Read and analyze the lesson below.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

1. Structured Tools: Uses structured research instruments such as surveys, questionnaires, and systematic
observations.
2. Large Sample Sizes: Relies on larger sample sizes to ensure representativeness.
3. Statistical Analysis: Employs statistical methods to analyze data.
4. Objective: Focuses on objectivity and seeks to eliminate researcher bias.
5. Hypothesis Testing: Often used to test hypotheses.
6. Replicability: The research process can be replicated by others.

DISCUSSION OF NEW CONCEPTS (2): (5 minutes)

Teacher-led discussion. Read and analyze the lesson below.

Strengths of Quantitative Research

1. Objectivity: Minimizes bias with standardized data collection instruments.

2. Replicability: Results can be replicated due to the structured nature of the research design.
3. Generalizability: Large sample sizes enable the findings to be generalized to the broader population.
4. Precision: Provides precise, quantifiable, and reliable data.
5. Predictive Power: Can predict future trends and behaviors.

DEVELOPING MASTERY: (5 minutes)

Teacher-led discussion. Read and analyze the lesson below.

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 MARCIANO DEL ROSARIO MEMORIAL
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

1. Lack of Depth: May not provide in-depth understanding of the context or the participants’ perspectives.
2. Rigid Design: Less flexible, which may limit the discovery of new findings.
3. Response Bias: Participants may provide socially desirable answers.
4. Misinterpretation: Statistical data can be misinterpreted if not correctly analyzed or if the wrong statistical
tests are used.
5. Limited by Instruments: The quality of the data is highly dependent on the quality of the instruments used
for data collection.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CONCEPTS: (3 minutes)

Finish and complete the given task.

Short Answer Questions

1. Name three characteristics of quantitative research.

2. Provide an example of correlational research.
3. What is a primary weakness of quantitative research regarding data interpretation?
4. Give an example of causal-comparative research.
5. Why is large sample size important in quantitative research?

GENERALIZATIONS AND ABSTRACTIONS: (3 minutes)

Finish and complete the given task.

True/False Questions

1. Descriptive research aims to test hypotheses and determine causal relationships.

o True
o False
2. One of the strengths of quantitative research is its objectivity and minimization of bias.
o True
o False
3. Correlational research can determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
o True
o False
4. Survey research is often used to collect data on opinions, behaviors, and characteristics from a large
sample.
o True
o False
5. Experimental research involves the manipulation of one variable to determine its effect on another
variable.
o True
o False

EVALUATION: (3 minutes)
Finish and complete the given task.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of quantitative research?

a) Use of structured tools
b) Small sample sizes
c) Subjective data analysis
d) Flexible research design

2. What is one of the strengths of quantitative research?

a) Provides deep contextual understanding
b) Enables the discovery of new phenomena easily
c) Offers high generalizability of results
d) Involves flexible data collection methods

3. Which of the following is a weakness of quantitative research?

a) High potential for researcher bias

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 MARCIANO DEL ROSARIO MEMORIAL
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

b) Difficult to replicate
c) May not provide in-depth understanding
d) Limited to small sample sizes

4. What type of quantitative research is being conducted if a study aims to test the relationship between
hours of exercise and cholesterol levels?
a) Descriptive Research
b) Correlational Research
c) Experimental Research
d) Survey Research

5. Which type of research is a randomized controlled trial an example of?

a) Descriptive Research
b) Correlational Research
c) Causal-Comparative Research
d) Experimental Research

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES OR REMEDIATION:

Read and analyze the Purpose, Examples, Discussion of New Concepts parts 1 and 2, and Developing Mastery sections of
lesson 2.

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