Document (2) 1
Document (2) 1
ON
CONSTRUCTION OF G+14 RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
221123106012
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
Civil Engineering Department
Pacific School Of Engineering-Surat
Gujarat Technological University, Ahemdabad
[January, 2025]
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the project
entitled Construction of residential building G+14 has been carried out by
Patel Dhruv S. Under my guidance in partial fulfilment for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Civil, 7th semester of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 2024-25.
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the Internship
entitled Construction Of Residential Building G+14 submitted in partial
fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering to
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, is a Bonafide record of
original internship work carried out by me at pacific school of engineering
under the supervision of asst. Prof. Nikita Morker and that no part of this
report has been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any
other source, without providing due reference.
Again, thanks to my guide Assistant prof. Nikita Morker, head of the department
Dr. Tamim Tanwer and the entire civil engineering department for the continuous direct and
indirect support.
I would also like to thank them for their endless support at site how to work at the
site, and all the teachers of civil engineering department who brought me to my present
performance and shape me like this during this successive year.
ABSTRACT
1.1. HISTORY
Company began its journey in 2003 and since then it have been actively
working in residential and commercial projects in surat. During its journey
company have successfully completed more than 25 projects and are emerging
as a one of the finest developers in surat for affordable housing and value for
money commercial spaces. This glorious journey has contributed to a big smile
to 2300 families and commercial clients.
There are total Flats in B building from are 3BHK and are 2 BHK,
carpet area of 2BHK is and 3BHK is
There are total Flats in B building all flat 2 BHK, carpet area of flat is
➢ C.O.P area(landscape garden)
PRYOSHA GOLD
Total building 4
Total floors 14
Total flat
Total shop
Carpet area of shop
Carpet area of flat
3 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1. COLUMN
✓ Column layout
✓ Column reinforcement work
✓ Column formwork
✓ Concrete pouring
➢ Total number of columns above the first floor :-(20nos SW1 To SW18
ANDC1&C2)
➢ 25mm, 20mm and 16mm Steel used in column: - TMT – Fe-500 grade
➢ Concrete used for column: -M25 grade
This helps the structural member to gain sufficient strength to carry its
self- load and load from other members. Shuttering of columns after column
reinforcement is done by using MS sheets. Thin films of oil or grease should be
applied to inner surface of the metal sheets to enable easy removal of the column
after the concrete is hardened. Proper supports are provided using props so that
it does not move. Diagonals of the shuttering are checked to ensure dimensional
accuracy using plum bomb.
✓ For less quantity machine mix concrete is done and for larger quantity
ready mix concrete (RMC) is ordered.
✓ Approval of placing concrete whether by pump or manually has to be
taken from client.
✓ Concrete should be poured up to slab bottom; the remaining column
gets concreted during pouring of slab & beam.
✓ Mechanical vibrator to be compulsorily used in the column but excess
vibration can cause segregation. Each layer should be thoroughly
compacted.
✓ Height of pouring concrete should not exceed 1.5 m.
✓ Proper cover as per structural drawings to be maintained.
✓ Temperature should be below 30 degrees while pouring concrete.
✓ After the pouring of concrete and vibrating it with the help of a
vibrator the horizontality and verticality of column to be checked.
3.2. STAIRCASE
• Resist loads
• Counter bending moment and shear forces. Connect the
frame together.
• Provide a uniform distribution of loads.
➢ One-way slab
➢ Two-way slab
The depth of the slab is settled on the basis of the span to depth
percentage that is mentioned in the standard IS456-2000. Least reinforcement
is 0.12% for HYSD bars and 0.15% for mild steel bars. The highest diameter of
the bar that is applied in slab should not be over 1/8 of the total depth of slab.
Using some basic thumb rules, regulations and guidelines as per IS code
456:2000 and ACI code, for concrete floors, concrete slab thickness for
residential buildings is kept 4 to 6 inches (100 mm to 150 mm)
✓ Check and approve that reinforcements are fixed as per the approved
drawings.
✓ Examine reinforcement spacing (including vertical and horizontal
spacing) and
✓ cover.
✓ Ensure that adequate support for reinforcements are provided to
prevent any movement during concreting process.
✓ Loose ties along the splices of reinforcement bars must be tightened
again.
✓ Free end of binding wires shall be bended inward.
2. Production of Concrete
Stock of material shall be sufficient to start the concrete. It shall be ensured by
stores/purchase dept that concreting is not stopped on account of materials. All
plant and machinery are checked and made in working conditions.
3. Concrete Pouring
Proper walkways/platforms shall be arranged so that the supports of the pipeline
and manpower are not directly stand on reinforcement. Sufficient carpenters
along with supervisor shall inspect the behaviour of supports below the slab
during the casting. Extra Props shall be stocked below slab to provide additional
supports in case of any failure of supports. Before discharging concrete from
the mixer, concrete shall be inspected, and acceptance shall be conducted like
slump tests. Required number of concrete specimens shall be taken for
compressive strength test and other tests. It is recommended to discharge the
concrete within 90 minutes from the batching plant loading time. Compact the
concrete properly by using mechanical vibrators, extra vibrator shall be
available in case of any shortage or mechanical problems.
4. Finishing Concrete Surface
Use the power float for the smooth finish surface purpose. The casted area or
member shall be protected by placing barricade to prevent plants and
machineries damaged the concrete. Concrete pour card shall be filled by Quality
Engineer and to be submitted to the Engineer including concrete delivery notes,
this task will be done whenever required.
5. Curing Concrete
The curing shall be started immediately after thumb set of the concrete laid.
These cracks are inheriting property of the concrete specially appears during
casting of flat surfaces. Final curing shall be done by ponding and stacking
water for minimum period of 7 days.
3.6. BRICKWORK
Masonry may be defined as the construction of building units bonded
together with mortar. The building units (masonry units) may be stones, bricks
or precast concrete blocks.
4.1.1 Cement
4.1.3 Bricks
and other elements in masonry construction. On site they are used a brick
4.1.4 Sand
4.2.1. Truck
➢ A Truck is a Vehicle Designed to Transport Freight, Carry Specialised
payloads, or Perform other Utilitarian work.
4.2.2. Transit mixer (miller)
➢ In Transit Mixer Usually the Concrete Mixer or Mixing Unit is Mounted
on a Truck or is of Trailer from Which Can be Attached to Vehicle Like
Tractor for Concrete Transport.
4.2.3. Backhoe
➢ A Backhoe Also Called Rear Actor or Back Actor is a Type of a Digging
Bucket on the End of Two Parts Articulated Arm.
4.2.4. Bar cutting machine
➢ Bar Cutting Machine is a Piece of Equipment Used in the Construction
Industry to Cut Steel Reinforcement Bars, or Rebars, Into a variety of
Different Lengths.
4.2.5. Bar bending machine
➢ Bar Bending Machine is a Common Equipment Used at Construction
Site. This Machine Used to Bend Any Kind of Bar or Rod into Any
Angel in a Precise Manner.
4.2.6. Needle vibrator
➢ The Needle Vibrator is Recommended for Vibrio- Compaction While
Casting Slab or Beam at Site. There is the Motor Which Vibrates the
Needle at About 10,000 vibration per minute.
4.2.7. Binding wires
➢ In the Building Sector, Binding Wire is to Secure the Rebars Together at
Their Joints in Order to Maintain the Integrity of the building.
4.3. TOOLS USED AT CONSTRUCTION SITE
4.3.1. Trowel
➢ The Masonry Trowel is a Hand Trowel Used in Brickwork or Stonework
for Levelling, Spreading and Shaping Mortar or Concrete.
4.3.2. Head pan
➢ Head Pan are Used by Masons, Bricklayers, and other Construction
Workers to Transport Mortar and Concrete to the Work Area.
4.3.3. String
➢ In masonry, a String is Used to Establish a Straight Line or a Uniform
Level.
4.3.4. Float
➢ A Concrete Float is a Tool Used to Finish a Concrete Surface by Making
it Smooth. A Float is Used After the Surface has been Made Level Using
a Screed.
4.3.5. Hoe
➢ A Track Hoe Can be Used to do any Digging Related to a Landscaping
Project. A Track Hoe Can Also be Used to Move Item that will be a Part
of Landscaping.
4.3.6. Wheelbarrow
➢ A Wheelbarrow is Primarily Used for Transporting Concrete Rather than
batching. Its Main Purpose is to Transport Concrete from One Location
to Another.
4.3.7. Plumb bob
➢ A Plumb Bob is Pointed Weight Attached to the end of the String and is
Used to Find a Vertical Reference Line Called Plumb Bob. Plumb is the
Vertical Equivalent to a Spirit Level.
4.3.8. Level pipe
➢ It is Used to Transfer a Vertical Level Across a Distance. It Works Based
on the principle that Waters Seeks its Own Level.
4.3.9. Measuring tape
➢ Measuring Tapes are Also a Great Tool for Double-Checking Work on a
Construction Site. Construction Demands that Every Single Component
of a Job be Measured Precisely.
4.3.10. Framing square
➢ A Framing Square is a Tool Commonly Used by Shuttering Labor’s to
Mark Walls or Other Materials Accurately. It Consists of Two arms, One
Long and One Short.
4.3.11. Ladder
➢ Ladders are Primarily Intended as a Means of Access, rather than as a
Working Platform. You Should Only Use Ladders For Short Duration
Work.
4.3.12. Hammer
➢ Hammers are Used for General Carpentry, Framing, Nail Pulling,
Bending or Shaping Metal, and so on. Hammers are Designed According
to the Intended Purpose.
4.3.13. Crow bar
➢ A Crowbar Used as a Lever to Pry Objects Apart, Remove Nails, Move
Concrete and for General Demolition.
4.3.14. Jack support (teka)
➢ A Jack Support are Used to Hoist Buildings From their Foundation for
Repair or Relocation. In this Application, Multiple Jacks are Utilised.
4.3.15. Shikanja
➢ Shikanja is a Fastening Device to Hold Or Secure Objects Tightly
Together. It Prevent Movement or Separation Through the Application
of Inward Pressure.
5.2. CONCLUSION
➢ NOT ADD
➢ J
➢ M
➢ M
➢ K
➢ KM