Government Polytechnic Washim

Department Of Automobile Engineering

A Micro project report on
“Collect the information about shear force and Bending Moment.”

Guided By: Head of Department:

P.G.Chavhan R.N. Jarudkar
Principal
Dr.B.G.Gawalwad

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 Maharashtra State Board Of Technical
Education

certificate
This is to certify that
Mr/miss _______________________________Roll No
_____________of
Department of Automobile Engineering has completed the micro
project
Of the subject strength of material (22306) within four walls Of the
Institute.

Date: / /2023
Place:Washim

Lecturer: Head of Department:

P.G.Chavhan R.N.Jarudkar

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 Submitted by
Name of group members
Roll No. Name Of Enrollment No.
Students

13 Siddhant 2200310282
Thombare

14 Nikhil Lawaskar 2200310285

15 Pratik Gole 2200310288

16 Vaishnavi 2200310289
Palaskar

17 Mayur Jadhav 2200310292

18 Yash Tiwari 2200310298

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 Index

Sr.no. Topic Page

1. Introduction 1

2 Definition
1

3 What is shear force

2

4 What is bending moment

4

5 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 5

6 Properties of shear force and Bending Moment Diagrams 6

7 Point of Contraflexure SF and BM 7

8 Types of beam 8

9 Conclusion 9

10 Reference
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Introduction
Shear force and bending moment are one of the most important concepts in civil
engineering under structural engineering. Shear force refers to the force that acts
parallel to the cross-section of a structural element, while bending moment is the
moment that occurs when an external force is applied to the element causing it to
bend. Understanding these concepts is crucial in designing structures that can
withstand the forces and moments they are subjected to. Engineers use shear and
bending moment diagrams to visualize the forces acting on a structural element
and determine its strength and stability

Shear Force and Bending Moment

The shear forces and bending moments that arise will be determined by the loads
acting on the beam and the supports. Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams
are commonly used to show and analyze the resultant forces in the beam (SFD &
BMD).

Internal forces are generated within a loaded beam to maintain balance. There are
two components to these internal forces: shear forces (directed vertically) and
normal forces (oriented along the axis of the beam). The internal forces acting on
the beam cross-section can be readily represented by only two resultants: shear
force (the result of the vertical internal forces) and bending moment (the
Resultant of the normal internal forces).

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 • The right side of the section goes down.
• The left side of the section is going up.

In the same way, a shearing force that is "Positive (+)" if:

• The left side of the section is going up.
• The right side of the section goes down

What is a Bending Moment?

Any load-bearing object will deflect within the structure. We refer to
this as ‘bending’. In other words, bending indicates that the load
applied perpendicular to a bar's axis causes the bar to deform.

The tendency of a force to cause a body to rotate around a particular

point or axis is measured by its moment.

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Thus, bending moment refers to the moment produced by a force or
bending in any structural part. The algebraic sum of the applied load to
the specified distance from the reference point is the Bending
Moment. This is directional since it is influenced by the direction of
applied tension.

Sign and Convention of bending moment

• A moment of bending that causes upward concavity will be

considered ‘positive.’ Also known as a Sagging bending moment.
• A moment of bending that causes upward convexity will be
considered ‘negative’. Also known as the Hogging bending
moment.

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Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams
We are aware that a Beam is a structural part upon which a system of
external loads acting at right angles to the axis act. Shear Force and
Bending Moment Diagram (SFD & BMD) is the graphical representation
of the Shear Force distribution and Bending Moment along the length
of a beam.

Along the span length of the beam, the shear force and bending
moment values change from section to section. These diagrams can be
used to determine the Stress concentration of a loaded beam and it
contributes to the crucial failure analysis required for the beam's
design.

Properties of Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

The following are some fundamental properties of shear and moment
diagrams:

1. The region of the Shear diagram to the right or left of the section
corresponds to the moment at the section.
2. At a particular point, the shear is equal to the slope of the bending
moment diagram.
3. At a particular point, the load is the slope of the shear diagram.
4. The maximum moment occurs at the point when the shear (also
the slope of the moment diagram) is zero. At this stage, the
horizontal tangent is drawn to the moment diagram.
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 5. When the SFD rises, the bending moment diagram will exhibit a
rising slope curve.
6. The BMD will have a decreasing slope curve as the SFD lowers.
7. When the SFD between two loading sites is constant, the BMD will
have a line with a constant slope.

Concept of Point of Contraflexure in Shear Force and Bending

Moment
The opposing bending moments always cause beam curvatures in
opposite directions. In this context, the points of Contraflexure in a
beam exposed to the moment are those wher

The sign of the Bending Moment changesThe point with zero bending
moments, aThe point at which the beam changes curvature. AS a
result, the beam flexes in the opposite direction at a point of
Contraflexure. The point of Contraflexure is sometimes referred to as
the point of inflexion or a virtual hinge.

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Types of beam

Simply supported beam

Cantilever beam

Fixed beam

Overhang beam

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Conclusion

The shear forces and bending moments that arise will be determined by the
loads acting on the beam and the supports. Shear Force and Bending
Moment Diagrams are commonly used to show and analyze the resultant
forces in the beam (SFD & BMD). Internal forces are generated within a
loaded beam to maintain balance.
Conclusion From this experiment, the bending moment in Case 1 has
larger value than Case 2. Shear force is increasing when the weight of
the load is increasing. Case 2 have zero value in shear force due to the
symmetrical loads applied on it. The bending moment also increases
when the weight of the load increases.

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Reference:

Books
Google.com
Wikipedia.com
Yahoo.com

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