1.

0 - 2556
 DISTRIBUTOR COPY CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013

Fabio Bologna - EPRI

Roel Stolper - CSIR
Don Genutis - NoOutage
Nishal Mahatho - ESKOM

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(Loose Cap) 60
(High Electric Field) 62
(Conductors) 65
(Broken Strand) 66
6 (Dry Conductor Corona) 68
6 (Wet Conductor Corona) 70
10 (Bird Excrement) 72
(Discharge) 10 (Flashed) / (Nicked) 74
11 (Armor Rod) 76
12 (Abandoned Conductors) 78
(Record Location Factors) 12 (Raised Strands) 80
13 (Line Hardware) 83
16 (Spacer Damper) 84
18 (General Hardware) 86
20 Part I: 88
21 All Dielectric Self Supporting Cable 89
22 (Armor Rod Corona) 90
22 (Dry Band Arcing) 92
(Discharge Found) 24 Part I: 94
(Discharge Not Found) 25 (Substations) 95
26 (Busbars) 96
28 (Clamps) (Connections) 98
(Maintenance Priority Rating) 34 (Non-Corona-Free Equipment) 100
A - (Rating A) 35 (Capacitors) 102
B - (Rating B) 35 1: 104
C - (Rating C) 35 (Distribution) 105
D - (Rating D) 35 (Terminations) 106
Part 1: 36 (Conductor Ties) 108
(Polymer Insulators) 37 (Cracked Pin Insulators) 110
(End Fitting) 38 (Ungrounded) 112
(Internal Tracking) 40 Part I: 114
42 115
(Exposed Rod) 44 : (Unclipped End Fitting) 116
(End Fitting) 46 (Polymer Unclipped Shed) 117
(Corona Ring) 48 (Porcelain Pin Erosion) 118
(Porcelain Insulators) 51 (Porcelain Rust-Stained Bells) 119
(Cap) (Porcelain Shell) 52 (Porcelain Suspension Insulator Chipping) 120
(Porcelain Shell) 54 (Conductors Dead End and Splices) 121
(Corona Pin) 56
(Cracked Porcelain) 58
CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013 CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013

Part II: (Discharge) 122

: 123
125
126
128
129
Part II: (Discharge) 130
131
(Washing Priority Rating) 132
133
135
(No Discharge Activity) 136
138
(Pulsed Scintillation) 140
(Continuous Scintillation) 142
(Pulsed Dry Band Arcing) 144
(Intense Dry Band Arcing) 146
(Contamination Discharge Activity) 149
(Discharge) 150
(Discharge) 152
(Discharge) 154
EPRI 156
EPRI 156
(Export Control Restriction) 157
158

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UV 280-400
280
CoroCAM UVc (Solar-blind UVc)
- (UVc) 240-280 240-280
(Visible Band) (Corona), (Sparking),
(Arcing) UVc UVc CoroCAM (Spectral Irridiance)
Visible Band 1

UVc
CoroCAM (Infrared Imager)
UVc
(Ultrasonic)
(Electro Magnetic Interference EMI detectors)
CoroCAM UVc (Filtering
System) - (Electro-optical
device) (Image converter) -
(Monochrome camera) -
(Electrical Discharges) (Solar-blind) (Spectrum converter)
(Ionised) (De-ionised)
UV, (Colour camera)
( )

(Electrical Partial Discharges) CoroCAM (Real Time)

,

/
/

CoroCAM ( )
(De-ionised)

6 Copyright 2013 UVIRCO Technologies, South Africa .

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1.
UV
CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013 CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013

1. (High Voltage Infastructure)

1.
1.1 (Transmission)
2. (Personal Protective Equipment, PPE) 1.1.1
,
3.
1.1.2 (Clamps)

1.1.3 (Conductor strands)

2 1.2 (Substation)
1. (Corona): 1.2.1
(Partial Breakdown) (Ionization) 1.2.2 (Support structures)
1.2.3 / (Current/Voltage transformer)
2. (Arcing) (Sparking) 1.2.4 - (Switch gear - Sharp point)
(Gap Discharge): (Complete 1.2.5 (Transformer bushings)
Breakdown) (Electrodes ) 1.2.6 (Conductor terminations) - ?

2. (Low Voltage Infrastructure)

2.1 (Distribution)
2.1.1

/
(Arcing) 2.1.2
2 (UV) 2.1.3 (Switchgear Panels)
(Daytime discharge camera)
2 (Ionization) 2.2 / (Generators / Motors)
2.2.1 (Windings)
2.2.2 (Insulation)

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(Defects)
(Discharge)

(
/ Micro-arcing) 2 :
1.
2.

(Power line)

(Record location factors)

(Yard)
1. GPS
2. 3
3. (Ambient relative humidity) %
4. (Surface wetting factor) -

5. (Contamination level) :
a. (Salt fog)
b. (Agricultural dust)
c. (Industrial pollution)
6. , ,

7.
8.
9. (Faults)
12 Copyright 2013 UVIRCO Technologies, South Africa .
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 (Yard) :

2: (Substation)
:
1. (Zig-zag)
2.
3. - - (Row)
CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013 CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013

12. (Auto focus) (Slaved)

UV (UV Channel)
* UV Channel (infinite)
(Default setting) (Un-slaved) UV Channel - (manual)
Discharge
(Last used setting) * (Visible Channel)
Discharge UV Channel
1. CoroCAM 6D Discharge (Pixels)
1.1 (Gain) 85% Threshold
1.2 (Threshold) 40
1.3 (Integration period) 2 (Frames)
1.4 (Integration gain) 50% (Averaging)

:
2. GPS
3. (Video mode)
4. (On Screen Display Mode) "ON"
(Recording mode) "REPORT"
5. (Corona overlay opaqueness)
6.
7. (Annotations)
8. "000"
9. (Corona overlay colour) 3
(Contrast)
* 13.
10. (Gain)
* Gain (Discharge)
Gain
(Discharge) " (Corona Count)"
* UVc Discharge (Instensity) UVc
Gain (Noise)
11. (Threshold) (Chip noise)
Threshold (Sensor noise)
" " - 34
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Discharge

(Factory setting) UVc

5 CoroCAM

Discharge
UVc
4.a 4.b
- UVc
Discharge
(Plasma globe lamp)
-
UVc
Discharge UV

18 Copyright 2013 UVIRCO Technologies, South Africa .

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Discharge

7 Discharge

Discharge
Discharge

360 Discharge

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60

Discharge

(Reverse angle view)

Discharge

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Discharge " " (Normal Mode) Discharge

1. (Integration Mode)
2. Integration
3.
4. Discharge (Integration Gain)
(Integration Period)
(Thermography)
Discharge
* (Integration Period)
Discharge
Gain Periods (max)
* Discharge (Frame) Discharge
Discharge 3 Peroids
5. Discharge
6. Gain Discharge
Discharge ( ) 3
* Discharge 1. Discharge
* Discharge 2. Discharge
7. Discharge 3.
8. Discharge *
*
9. ( 15)

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CoroBASE

CoroBASE CoroBASE

CoroBASE , (Snap)
Discharge
Discharge
EPRI (EPRI Maintenance Priority Rating scheme)
34

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Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. ( EPRI, www.epri.com)

,
(Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI )
(Field Guide) : (Discharge)
(Overhead Lines)
EPRI ID #3002002028 UViRCO
EPRI

=F>ra | •
( CKCntK PQWt
*
ESiAtCH iNsmuif

EPRI 90
Field Guide: Daytime Discharge 30
Inspection of Transmission EPRI Palo Alto, Calif; Charlotte, N.C;
and Distribution Overhead Knoxville, Tenn; Lenox, Mass
Lines and Substations
Guide with Video
...
3002002028

Electrical Power Research Institute

3420 Hillview Avenue • Palo Alto • California 94304-1338
PO Box 10412 • Palo Alto • California 94303-0813 • USA
800.313. 3774 • 650.855.2121 • askepri@epri. com www.epri.com

28 Copyright 2013 UVIRCO Technologies, South Africa .

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 Electric Power Research Electric Power Research Institute ( EPRI )
Institute, ( EPRI ) ERPI ERPI, , Engelbrecht Consulting
:
EPRI
(A) (1)
,
(2)
(3)
ERPI
EPRI 800.313.3774 askepri@epri.com
(B) ( Electric Power Research Institute , EPRI ...
EPRI ) Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.
Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. 2013

, , :
, , EPRI
Electric Power Research Institute Engelbrecht Consulting
(EPRI) Catharindaal 84
1300 W.T. Harris Boulevard Ede 6715KD
Charlotte, NC 28262 Nederland, Holland

: :
F. Bologna C.Engelbretch
A. Philips

Field Guide: Daytime Discharge Inspection of Transmission and

Distribution Overhead Lines and Substations: Guide with Video.
EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2012. 3002002028.
CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013 CoroCAM Advanced Site Inspection Guide DISTRIBUTOR COPY ISSUE 1.0 SEP 2013

Alabama Power
Bonneville Power Administration
Eskom
FirstEnergy
Georgia Power
New York Power Authority
San Diego Gas & Electric Company
Tennessee Valley Authority
The United Illuminating Company

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Discharge
(Maintenance Priority Rating)

D
Discharge
(Audible Noise, AN)
(Radio Interference, RI)
AN / RI

Maintenance Priority Rating D

(Maintenance Priority Rating)

EPRI

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End Fitting Sheds Sheath Fiberglass Rod

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(Dry Corona) End Fitting

(Corona Ring)

(Rod)
D

Corona Ring

(4-10 )

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Discharge

(Flashunder) (Rod)

D 0 2

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Discharge

(Hydrophobicity),
End Fitting

15-25

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Discharge
(Flashunder) (Rod)

0-2 (Failure)
D
,
: Discharge (Rod)

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Dry Corona End Fitting

End Fitting
(Rod)

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Discharge Corona Ring

A

/ Corona Ring

20

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Cotter Key Malleable/Ductile

Iron Cap
Portland Cement
Bituminous Coating
Sand Band
- Porcelain Shell

Malleable/Forged Iron Pin

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Discharge Cap Porcelain Shell

(Energized)

Discharge
Porcelain
(Donut Failures)

B
25

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(Energized)
D

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(Pin)

B ( Pin )
(Cement)

25

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cap/pin
Discharge

Shell

(Cement)
c

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(Energized) (Post Insulator)

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End Fitting Post

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.
.
c .

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/
(AN) (RI)
AN RI

/
(Energized)

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(AN) (RI)
AN RI

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/
RI/AN

(Maintenance Strategy)
B

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(AN)
(RI)
AN/RI
B

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(AN)
(RI)
AN/RI

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(AN)
(RI)
AN/RI

COUNT RATE: 13644/MIN

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r c

Spacer Damper
(Grommet)
c (RI)

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(RI)

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(Dry Corona)

(Fiber Jacket)

( )

(Electical Grading Device)

(5-10 )

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(Band Arcing)
(Fiber Jacket)
• nK ; NE AF GAIN 20 L OF ( )

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(AN)
(RI)
Corona Ring
A (Grading Device) Corona Ring
(Application-Specific)

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(AN)
B
(RI)
V

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(Bolts) (Clamps)
(AN)
(RI)

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/ (Bushing)
-

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Terminations

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/ (Tie)
(AN) (RI)

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(High-impedance pole)

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(AN) (RI)
(Wood Pole)
B

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(Sheds)
(Interlock)
End Fitting (Air Gap) Shed interlock
End Fitting (Aluminium Coupler) Shed
Discharge

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(Pin) (Bells)

(Advanced Stages)

Advanced

(Bells)

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Discharge Splice Dead End

Discharge

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(Contamination Level)
(Flashover)

(Contaminated)?

( )
Discharge
(Flashover)

Discharge Discharge

Discharge ?

(Contamination Layer)
Discharge
(Dry Band)

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1. (Humidity):
Discharge :
2. (Air Tempurature):
1. (Contamination Layer) ( ) (Dew Point)
2. (Contamination Layer) ( Dry Band
) 3. (Bell) : Bell
3. (Insulator String) Bell
( ) 3.1 Bell
4. Discharge
( Discharge 10 ) 3.2 Bell (Dry Band Arcing)
: 3.3
4. (Contamination Level):
1.
2. (Condensation)
:
2.1
2.2

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70% 1.

( ) 2. Discharge

3. Discharge
(
) 4. (Daytime
Discharge Camera)
70%
Discharge
2

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A
B
C (Short Term)
D
x :

( Section 11)

Discharge

B B
C
X** X** D

**

132 .
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!
i

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1 mA
Discharge

Discharge
A

(Contamination Layer)
Discharge

Discharge
Discharge

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A 1 mA

/
Discharge
(Stress) (Insulator String)

(Dry Band)

(Drying-out effect)
(Dry Band)
Discharge

(Pin) (Grout) (Disc Insulators)

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10-50 mA

(Dry
Band) (Scintillation)

(Heating Effect)
Dry Band

B
(Subcritical Level)

5
(Insulator String)
Discharge (Discs)

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40-70 mA

(Dry
Band) (Scintillation)

(Heating Effect)
Dry Band

B
(Subcritical Level)

2 3 4 5
(String)

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C 60-100 mA
, .
L

(Wetting Rate)
(Drying Effect)
Dry Band
C
(Critical Level)
- #
(Short Term)

&
(
t,
%
* --
«

v
0

1 2
(Pulsed Scintillation)

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100 mA

(Wetting Rate)
(Drying Effect)
(Critical
r ». Rate) (Flashover)
i
«
V - • •

Dry Band Flashover

(Contamination Level)
Flashover

2 3 4 5
Discharge

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!
(Dry Contamination)

(Nonconductive)

!
(Wet Contamination)

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(Dry Band)
:

!
(Pin)
! Dry Band
(High Wetting)

Dry Band:

! Dry Band

! Dry Band

! (Critical)
Flashover

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/
(Dry Band Arcs):

(String)
! Dry Band

(Flashover):

! Dry Band

Flashover
!

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Fabio Bologa Dr. Andrew J. Phllips EPRI

Transmission Transmission
EPRI EPRI
1300 W.T. Harris Boulevard 1300 W.T. Harris Blvd.
Charlotte, NC 28262 Charlotte, NC 28262
Tel: 704.595.2590 Cell: 704.953.4030
E-mail: fbologna@epri.com Tel: 704.595.2723
Email: aphillip@epri.com
: EPRI

EPRI
(Export Classification)
Construction and Inspection of Compression Connectors for EPRI
Over-head Transmission Lines, 1024112
Corona Rings for PolymerInsulators,1024584
Inspection of Transmission Line Foundations, 1025459 (Export Classification)
Inspection of Transmission Line Grounding Systems, 1025460
Transmission Line Aerial Marking and Lighting, 1025461 EPRI
Visual Inspection of Avian Issues on Transmission Structures, 1025462 EPRI
Visual Inspection of Polymer Insulators, 1025463
Visual Inspection of Porcelain and Glass Disc Insulators, 1025464
Visual Inspection of Steel Structures, 1025466
Visual Inspection of Steel Structure Foundations, 1025465
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? (Integration Time)

-
2 4
/ (Fault) (
Discharge VGA / SVGA )
(Footage)
UVc footage
Fault Discharge
CoroCAM 6D 2
20 (Medium Voltage, MV) (High
Voltage, HV) ?
200 ?
(Defect) Discharge
Discharge MV HV
UVc Discharge " (Faded)" MV HV
(Sensitivity) MV HV MV
" (Clearance)" HV
" Disharge
?" Discharge
(Power loss) / Fault
Discharge

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