Mathematical Analysis Lecture (2024.10.

22)
Pf .
1 .
Let W , , . . ., UhEM are
open ,
and let U =W : If
YeU =W : JEWi Vi = 1 2
, , ... k .
Since Wis are
open ,
I Eis
,

Let E minGE Ezi , ER3 then D1y E) [D1y )

·:
D1J Ei)[Wi
=
, ·

h
,
,
=1 St .
, .

. ...,

Let ZEDiy 3) = dig z)E[Ei i = 1 k . ZED1y Ei) , ..... k

.... h
,

Vi
..
. .
.
,
, ,

=
1 ,
.
,

=> zeDiy Ei) [Wi , ,

i , ..., h = zeWiU = D1y ,) Er

Hence W is
open .
Let S 9raWaEM open &ElY and let
= , W = Wa .
If JEU Na then =

D1J 2) EUCEU
JEUa for some XEI .
Since Ut is
open , EE30s t . .
,

Hence W is
open .

then &ZEM dizgI < 13CM I

If DIY 1) .
JEM ,
,
=
,
so is
open

Suppose L(4 is
open) is true.

E) 7/XXE0 , 7870 St . DIX . E)[P) is true

(EXEP St VEyo , Dix 2), & P) is true

E
.

Hence 2 (P is
open) is false and therefore ↑ is
open .
 do(x j) ,
=
So y
subset. Then
Pf . VYEM , D1J 2) ,
=
553 .
Let AGM be a

2) for each YEA.

A =
yU5y3 D1g = , 2) .
Since D18 , is
open

A
By Prop .
2 . 9 ,
is
open.

1 .
Let An = -h , h) , nEN in (IR ,
1 1)
.

. Then EAn =
903 which is not

open.

· n
J' Plo , a) 503 ,
was o
.
2 Let Wa = 12- b ,
2+ 2)[(IR , ) ,
REN

,
-3 E -
- 2 25'3 z

Uz
Let = We ·
It is clear that 1-2 , 23 [We ,
the

So [2 , 27 [Wa =
U .
If x & (2 2] = ,
X-2 or x

= -
2 -
x>0 or X- 230 .
If - 2 -
x)o
chooseUk
I -
I
X P =

2
-
2

k
-

Then X & We and thus XNa = W .

Similarly if , x 2 => XL

WCE2 2) and hence

Therefore V E2 .
=
,
23
,
 (IR" Il-1(2),

GEA bEB Since A

Pf .
Let YeAtB then Y ,
= a+b for some ,
.
is
open
DIa SEA Consider the ball D1y 8) .
open
,

ES>o st .
, .

then 117-118 . Note that Z =

1z-b) + b and
For any ZED1Y S) . ,

ll(z-b) -

allz llz-b- allz llz-latbilk

= = =
11z-y1 < S
z-bEA b) + be A+ B
Thus z-bEDla S)[A = = z (z -
=

=> D1g 3) [A + B
. . Therefore At B is
open
.
 Consider /1R ) dix j) .
Example
.
x-y
ie . =
,. .

↓
A = Co ,
13 (1) 3,

Hence int(A) = 10 , 1)

Consider B =
943W903[(IR · (
D(0
DI E)
E)
,
,

17----(/ &

I
O
i
point of .
B B int(B)
Any
0
interior
=

in is not an so
point
,
Pf .
For
any
USA
open ,
let ZEU .
Since W is
open ,
Esso .
sit

Zeint(A) .
DIz 2) &WEA Then E interior
point of A i .
e
is an , .

, .

=> W[int(A) .

Cliam .
int(A) =
Wint(a) D(x
x
, Ex)

"C "It is trivial .

ExEint(A) JEDIX Ex)
YExnt) D(x Ex)[A
st

Ext"2"Let
= . .
,

Let S = Ex-d(x j) , ,
then D1y S)[Dix . , ex) [A

·
g5 => Y is an interior
point of A ,
i e
. .
Yeint(A)

x => WiniD(X Ex) [int(A) ,

and
Therefore int(A) xED(X Ex) it is
= ,
open.
Pf .
Let Zeint(A) Wint(B) = ZEint(A) or ZEint(B) .
WLOG .
assume

EE>O st DIz a) CACAUB = ZE int(AUB)

ZEint(A) [ACAUB .
.
,

Hence int(A) (in+ (B) [int(AUB)

1 Let A =
1011] B = 11 . 23 Then int(A) = 10 ,
1) , int(B) = (1 , 2)
ef
. ·

.
.

So int(A) (int(B) = (0 . 1) W(l 2) ,

= 10 , 2) Si3

But AUB = Co , 2] , so int (AUB) =

10 , 2) Eint(A) Wint(B)
 2 Let A D150 , 1) B = Ron2011 in (1R .. (
.
=
eg . ,

Then AUB = Co , 13 and thus int (AUB) = 10 , 1)

int(A) =
0 ,
in+ (B) =
$ >
=

int(A) Wint(B) =
0 G10 1) , =
int(AUB)

We know that int([a b3) ,

= (a , b)

Consider (IR2 ,
11 ·

112) .
Let XEIR and B(x r), =
9YER 118-X1[r3 ,
r >

=> int (B(x ,

r)) =
D(X , v) 9YER
=
>
118-X11 < V3

·
⑤
 int(5JEM dix y1[R3) EJEM dixig) < R3 ?
Question
=
.

The answer is NO !

where do discrete Let R 1 and XOEM fixed.

Consider (M do) metric
=

is .

(ie .
H = P) .
Since dowy)=
&It
Then EJEM dow y)
,
< 13 =
M =) int(9YEM dolxoig) < 13) =
int(M) =
M

But EYEM doNo g) ,

< 13 [x03
=
·
Then H=9Xo3 if #CH) 2
.