VOCABULARY

Introduction

Starting Presentation Type Verb Description

The/ the diagram / table / shows / represents / the

given / the figure / illustration / depicts / enumerates / comparison
supplied / graph / chart / flow illustrates / presents/ of…
the chart / picture/ gives / provides / the
presented / presentation/ pie delineates/ outlines/ differences…
the shown / chart / bar graph/ describes / delineates/ the
the column graph / line expresses/ denotes/ changes...
provided graph / table data/ compares/ shows the number
data / information / contrast / indicates / of…
pictorial/ process figures / gives data on / information
diagram/ map/ pie gives information on/ on…
chart and table/ bar presents information data on…
graph and pie chart ... about/ shows data the
about/ demonstrates/ proportion
sketch out/ of…
summarizes... the amount
of…
information
on...
data about...
comparative
data...
the trend
of...
the
percentages
of...
the ratio of...
how the...

Từ vựng miêu tả xu hướng thay đổi

Xu hướng Danh từ Động từ

Xu hướng A rise, a growth, an increase, a climb, Rise, grow, increase,

tăng an upward trend,... climb, go up,

Rocket, upsurge, soar

Xu hướng A drop, a fall, a decrease, a decline, a Drop, fall, decrease,

giảm downward trend,... decline, go down,..

Xu hướng Remain steady/static/stable/unchanged/constant,

ổn định reach a plateau,...

Xu hướng Fluctuation, variation Fluctuate, vary

giao động

Đạt mức
cao nhất Reach a peak at, reach a pinnacle of…

Đạt mức
thấp nhất Hit a trough, hit the lowest point,..

Example:
 To begin, the percentage of pupils in public schools fell from just over half
to only 20% from 2000 to 2009.
 The next most popular country for Britons to move to was Spain, though its
popularity declined over the time frame to stop at below 30,000 in 2007.
 Visits abroad increased significantly to over 50 million, whereas the
number of overseas residents rose steadily to reach just under 30 million.
 While the figure for factories in Japan went up dramatically to 120,000 in
2010, the quantity in Korea plummeted to 12,000 at the same time.

Từ vựng miêu tả tốc độ và mức độ thay đổi

Mức độ Adjective (đi với Noun) Adverb (đi với Verb)

Thay đổi nhiều Dramatic Dramatically

Considerable Considerably
Significant Significantly
Rapid Rapidly
Sharp Sharply
Substantial Substantially

Thay đổi vừa Moderate Moderately

phải Modest Modestly
 Thay đổi ít Slight Slightly
Insignificant Insignificantly
Marginal Marginally

Words/ Phrases of Approximation - Vocabulary:

» Approximately » Nearly » Roughly » Almost » About » Around
» Just over
» Just under

Cấu trúc câu miêu tả sự thay đổi

Cấu Subject + Verb of trend + Adverb + [Data] Example: The number of

trúc students increased significantly from 60,000 to 85,000. = The
dùng number of students increased significantly by 25,000. (Dùng
Verb from...to… để nói về điểm đầu và điểm cuối, dùng by để thể hiện sự
chênh lệch)

Cấu Subject + witnessed/experienced/ underwent + Adjective +

trúc Noun of trend + [Data] Example: The number of students witnessed
dùng a dramatic increase from 60,000 to 85,000. = The number of students
Noun witnessed a dramatic increase by 25,000.

Từ vựng và cấu trúc so sánh (Comparison)

Hình thức so sánh Cấu trúc

So sánh nhất Subject + is the most/least + Adjective + Noun

(Superlative) Example: Football is the most popular sport in
Vietnam.

So sánh hơn kém Subject + is more/less + Adjective + than + Noun

(Comparative) Example: Football is more popular than tennis in
Vietnam.
 So sánh bằng (Equal Subject + is as+ Adjective + as + Noun Example:
comparison) Football is as popular as tennis in Vietnam.

Example: More women than men participated in Swimming

-The gender discrepancy in … was pronounced, with significantly more females
than males attending the activity.
-Women had a tendency to participate in … more than their counterparts.
-Regarding …, the number of female participants was …, surpassing that of their
male counterparts at …
-Female participants in … outnumbered males by a margin of ….
Attendance level registered by the female group in Swimming far outripped
that of their opposite sex, with a discrepancy of ………/evidenced by a discrepancy
…

Một số từ vựng cho phần body

leading figure/in the dominant position/prominent item
apogee/apex/zenith><nadir
figure/item
proportion/ratio
constitute/account for/make up
encounter/undergo
a miniscule share of sth
discrepancy/fluctuation
hit a trough/hit rock bottom >< reach a pinnacle
surpass/outstrip/exceed/surmount
recorded/reported/registered
escalate/skyrocket/surge to a record high
APROPOS/REGARDING/CONCERNING/IN TERMS OF …
both figures fluctuate albeit at varying degrees
OVERALL -> AS CAN BE INFERRED FROM THE GIVEN DATA/PROVIDED
INFORMATION
MỞ ĐẦU BODY 1 -> UPON CLOSER INSPECTION

Ranking
1st rank
Highest figure - dominate/prominent, cover the lion’s share, leading figure …,
(closely) followed by …./This is followed by … 2nd ranking, with #% lower

Range
On average/median
combo/total
Listing -> respectively
Lowest
A modest rate: minimal, mere, marginal
Minority
Insignificant, negligible
Practically zero

Others/other categories: 1 single sentence (typically stable)

- no need to make comparisons/ranking.