Calculus Team Solutions March Regional

1. These limits are easy to evaluate, and we get A = 1.5, B = −3, C = 0, and D = 0.5, for a final answer
of 1.5 − 3 + 0 + 0.5 = −1 .

2. Note that this is equivalent to

n Z m
m 1 dx
= [arctan x ]0∞ =
π
lim lim
m→∞ n→∞ n ∑  2 = mlim
mi →∞ 0 1+x 2 2
.
i =1 1+ n

3. For A, since linear transformations preserve area ratios, we can consider the problem of finding the
hexagon of maximal area in a circle, which is a regular hexagon. In a circle of radius r, the ratio of the
area of the hexagon to the area of the circle is
√ √
3r2 3
2 3 3
= .
πr2 2π
√ √
3 3 3 3
This must also be the ratio in the ellipse, so the maximal area is 2π ·π = 2 .
For B, we can assume that the cone has height 3 and radius 1. Then, if the cylinder has height h
and radius r, we can find similar triangles and derive the equation h = 3 − 3r, so the volume is
V = πr2 h = 3π (r2 − r3 ), and

2
V 0 = 3π (2r − 3r2 ) = 0 =⇒ r = ,
3

√
√
4 1 4π 3 3 4π 2π 3
in which case the volume is 3π · 9 · 3 = 9 . The final answer is 2 · 9 = .
3
4. Geometrically, the areas calculated by these integrals can be rearranged to form a rectangle with
2 √
length 1 and width e, since e x and ln x are inverses, and the bounds are also inverses. The area
of this rectangle is e . (Drawing a picture helps.)
5. Part A can be directly evaluated as f ( g(1)) = f (4) = 4. Part B is an application of the product rule,
and becomes f 0 (1) g(1) + f (1) g0 (1) = 3 · 3 + 1 · 2 = 14. Part C is an application of the chain rule, and
becomes g0 (1) · f 0 ( g(1)) = 2 f 0 (4) = 2 · 1 = 2. The final answer is 4 + 14 + 2 = 20 .
6. Let a be the distance traveled by Car A and let b√be the distance traveled by Car B. Let d be the distance
between them. After
2 2 2
√ 3 seconds, a = 3, b = 3 3. Also, since the angle between them is 30 degrees,
d = a + b − ab 3. This can be used to calculate that after 3 seconds, d = 3. Then, differentiating

√ √ √ √ √ √
2dd0 = 2aa0 + 2bb0 − 3( ab0 + a0 b) = (2)(3)(1) + (2)(3 3)( 3) − 3(3 3 + 3 3) = 6 + 18 − 18 = 6.

Since d = 3, we have 6d0 = 6 =⇒ d0 = 1 .

7. For the first integral, substitute u = e x − 1, and it becomes

Z 3
1
√ du,
0 u ( u + 1)
√
and then substituting w = u gives

Z √3 i 3 √
2 h
−1 2π
dw = 2 tan w = .
0 w2 + 1 0 3

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Calculus Team Solutions March Regional

√
For the second, substituting u = x gives
Z 2 i2
2 h 2π
√ du = 2 sec−1 u = .
1 u u2 − 1 1 3

4π
The answer is .
3
8. Since y0 = 2x, y0 (1) = 2, and y(1) = 3, so the equation of ` is y − 3 = 2( x − 1) =⇒ y = 2x + 1. This
has an x intercept of −0.5 and a y intercept of 1. It intersects y − x = 3 at (2, 5) so the final answer is
−0.5 + 1 + 2 + 5 = 7.5 .
9. Let the region described in both problems be R. By symmetry, it’s centroid lies on the y-axis, so by the
theorem of Pappus, its area and volume are related by

B
2π · 2015 · A = B =⇒ = 4030π .
A
(This problem can also be done by actually computing the area and volume using standard tech-
niques, and then finding the ratio.)
10. We have:

1
x2

1 π
A= = , B = [sin x ]02 = 1, C = [e x ]10 = e − 1, D = [ln x ]21 = ln 2.
2 0 2

The answer is 21 (e − 1 + 1)ln 2 = 1

2 ·2 = 1 .
11. The floor function means we only need two decimal places of accuracy, which means we can approx-
imate with the case of infinitely many radicals, which is
Z 1 √ √
1 + 4x + 1 5+5 5
= ≈ 1.348,
0 2 12
so our answer is 134 .
12. This can be broken down by partial fractions into

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞  
1 1 1 1 1
∑ n · 2n ∑ 2n ( n + 1 )
− = ln 2 − ∑ n −1
= ln 2 − 2 ∑ n · 2n = ln 2 − 2 ln 2 − = 1 − ln 2 .
n =2 n · 2
n =1 n =1 n =2
2

13. This is just

Z 3 p 2
2 2 9 − x2 = 108.
0

14. Consider a thin layer of water h units down from the top, with height dh. By similar triangles, it
has radius 41 (12 − h), and so its volume is approximately 16
π
(12 − h)2 dh, and using the given density,
125π 2
its mass is 2 (12 − h) dh. It must travel a distance of h to leave the tank, so the work required is
125π 2
2 h (12 − h ) dh, and the total work done in emptying the tank is

Z 12
125π
h(12 − h)2 dh.
2 0

The integral evaluates to 1728, and since the answer is supposed to be in kiloJoules, it will be

125π 1
· 1728 · = 108π .
2 1000

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Calculus Team Solutions March Regional

15. (1) is true. (2) is true, since you can set up a bijection between extrema and rational numbers. (3)
is false, since the sum may converge to a non continuous function, as with some Taylor series. The
answer is 3 .