Example (2)

Determine the member-end forces for the structure shown, and construct the
shear and moment diagrams. The joint coordinates are given in parentheses.

Solution
1 . Selection of Node Points
Structure Forces and Displacements
Because of the nature of the applied structure forces, there will be no
axial forces in the members and, therefore, no structure displacements
along X axis.

{𝑃}𝐼 {}1 {𝑃}2 {}2 {𝑃}3 {}3

1 2 3

Member Forces and Displacements

{𝐹2 }𝑗
{𝐹6 }𝑖
{𝐹6 }𝑗 i

j
{𝐹2 }𝑖
 Member 1-2: {F}12 {F}21    
12 21

Member 2-3: {F}23 {F}32    

23 32

2 . Compatibility Matrices:-

Where :

member 1-2: l 1x = cos θ = 0-5 / 5 = - 1 ; m 1x = cos φ = sin θ = 0

-1 0 0 1 0 0

[ß]12 = 0 -1 0 [ß]21 = 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1

member 2-3: l 1x = cos θ = 5-10 / 5 = - 1 ; m 1x = cos φ = sin θ = 0

-1 0 0 -1 0 0

[ß]23 = 0 -1 0 [ß]32 = 0 -1 0

0 0 1 0 0 1
3. Member Stiffness matrix

𝑗
{F}ij = [𝐾]𝑖𝑖  ij+[𝐾]𝑖𝑗  ji

(From Eqs. 13) 12𝐸𝐼𝑧

𝑙3
member 1-2: 2
[𝐾]11 = [𝐾]122 =

12𝐸𝐼𝑧
𝑙3
[𝐾]12 = [𝐾]21 =

member 2-3: 12𝐸𝐼𝑧

𝑙3
[𝐾]322 = [𝐾]233 =

12𝐸𝐼𝑧
𝑙3
[𝐾]23 = [𝐾]32 =
4. Structure Stiffness matrix
Total Stiffness Equations

Reduced Stiffness Equations

{𝑃}𝐼 = [𝐾]𝐼.𝐼 {}𝐼

P2 2
P6
2 = [𝐾]𝐼.𝐼 6 2

P6 6
3 3

Because: (2 ) = (6)

1
= (2 ) = 0
1 3

Required sub-matrices
[𝐾]𝑖𝑖𝑗 = [ß]𝑇𝑖𝑗 [𝑘]𝑖𝑖𝑗 [ß]𝑖𝑗 [𝐾]𝑖𝑖 = ∑[𝐾]𝑖𝑖𝑗

1 0 0.096 - 0.24 1 0
[𝐾]122 = [ß]𝑇21 [𝑘]122 [ß]21 = (EI)
0 1 - 0.24 0.8 0 1

0.096 - 0.24
= EI
- 0.24 0.8

-1 0 0.096 - 0.24 -1 0
[𝐾]322 = [ß]𝑇23 [𝑘]322 [ß]23 = (EI)
0 1 - 0.24 0.8 0 1

0.096 0.24
= EI
0.24 0.8

0.192 0
[𝐾]22 = [𝐾]122 + [𝐾]322 = EI
0 1.6
 1 0 0.096 - 0.24 1 0
[𝐾]33 = [𝐾]233 = [ß]𝑇32 [𝑘]233 [ß]32 = (EI)
0 1 - 0.24 0.8 0 1

0.096 0.24
= EI
0.24 0.8

[𝐾]𝑖𝑗 = [ß]𝑇𝑖𝑗 [𝑘]𝑖𝑗 [ß]𝑗𝑖

1 0 0.096 - 0.24 1 0
[𝐾]23 = [ß]𝑇23 [𝑘]23 [ß]32 = (EI)
0 1 - 0.24 0.4 0 1

0.096 -0.24
= EI
-0.24 0.4

0.096 -0.24
[𝐾]32 = [ß]𝑇32 [𝑘]32 [ß]23 = [𝐾]𝑇23 = EI
-0.24 0.4

0.192 0 0.096 -0.24

0 1.6 -0.24 0. 4
[𝐾]𝐼,𝐼 = EI
0.096 -0.24 0.096 -0.24

-0.24 0. 4 -0.24 0.8

Thus, the reduced stiffness matrix becomes 0.192 0 -0.24

= EI 0 1.6 0. 4

-0.24 0. 4 0.8
5. Determination of Displacements

{𝑃}𝐼 = [𝐾]𝐼.𝐼 {}𝐼 {}𝐼 =[𝐾]−1

𝐼.𝐼 {𝑃}𝐼

-1
2 0.192 0 -0.24 P2

6 P6
2 = EI 0 1.6 0. 4 2
6 P6
3 3
-0.24 0. 4 0.8

9.1146 0.7813 -3.125 100

= EI 0.7813 0.7813 -0. 625 0

-3.125 -0. 625 2.500 0

2 911.46
6 = EI
2 78.13
6
3 312.5

6. Member Forces
𝑗
{F} = [𝐾]𝑖𝑖 [ß]𝑖𝑗 {}𝑖 + [𝐾]𝑖𝑗 [ß]𝑗𝑖 {}𝑗
ij

member 1-2: {}1

911.46
= 0 {}2 = 1/EI
78.13

0.096 - 0.24 1 0 911.46 68.75 KN

{F}12 = [𝐾]12 [ß]21 {}2 = (EI) (1/EI) =
- 0.24 0.4 0 1 78.13 - 187.50 KN . m

0.096 - 0.24 1 0 911.46 68.75 KN

1 (1/EI) =
{F}21 = [𝐾]22 [ß]21 {}2 = (EI)
- 0.24 0.8 0 1 78.13 - 156.25 KN . m
 68.75 KN
- 156.25 KN . m
2

- 187.50 KN . m
68.75 KN

member 2-3: 911.46 0

{}2 = 1/EI {}3 = 1/EI
78.13 -312.5

{F} = [𝐾]322 [ß]23 {}2 + [𝐾]23 [ß]32 {}3

23

0.096 - 0.24 -1 0 911.46

= (EI) (1/EI)
- 0.24 0.4 0 1 78.13

0.096 - 0.24 1 0 0
+ (EI) (1/EI)
- 0.24 0.4 0 1 -312.5

106.25 75 -31.25 KN
= + =
282.25 - 125 156.25 KN . m

{F} = [𝐾]233 [ß]32 {}3 + [𝐾]32 [ß]23 {}2

32

0.096 - 0.24 1 0 0
= (EI) (1/EI)
- 0.24 0.8 0 1 -312.5

0.096 - 0.24 -1 0 911.46

+ (EI) (1/EI)
- 0.24 0.8 0 1 78.13

75 -106.25 -31.25 KN
= + =
- 125.0 125.0 0.00 KN . m

68.75 KN 156.25 KN . m 187.50 KN . m 68.75 KN

2 3

1 2
187.50 KN . m 156.25 KN . m
68.75 KN 68.75 KN
 68.75
KN

+
SH .F. D
-
31.25 KN
187.50 KN
.m

-
B .M. D
+

156.25KN
.m

Note: We start with the forces at the left end of each member and use the static
relations for shear and moment to obtain the forces at the right end of the member.
These should be consistent with the computed forces at the right end.
The sign convention used for the shear and moment diagrams is that which was
introduced earlier.