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Biomolecules-The-Building-Blocks-of-Life 11th

Biomolecules are essential chemical compounds that form the building blocks of life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They play vital roles in metabolism, energy production, and biological interactions, enabling complex biochemical processes. Biomolecules are crucial for nutrition, medicine, and industrial applications.

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6 views10 pages

Biomolecules-The-Building-Blocks-of-Life 11th

Biomolecules are essential chemical compounds that form the building blocks of life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They play vital roles in metabolism, energy production, and biological interactions, enabling complex biochemical processes. Biomolecules are crucial for nutrition, medicine, and industrial applications.

Uploaded by

sharmarekha552176
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biomolecules: The

Building Blocks of Life


Biomolecules are the fundamental chemical compounds that make up
living organisms. These essential molecules serve as the building blocks
for cells, tissues, and organs, enabling the intricate processes that sustain
life.
What are Biomolecules?

1 Diverse Compounds 2 Vital Functions 3 Biological Interactions


Biomolecules encompass a wide These molecules play crucial Biomolecules interact with each
range of organic compounds, roles in metabolism, energy other in complex networks,
including carbohydrates, lipids, production, structural support, enabling the intricate
proteins, and nucleic acids. and genetic information storage biochemical processes that
and transmission. sustain life.
The Four Major Classes of Biomolecules
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

Sugars and complex polysaccharides Fats, oils, and other hydrophobic Complex macromolecules that
that serve as energy sources and molecules that make up cell perform a wide range of structural,
structural components. membranes and store energy. catalytic, and regulatory functions.
Carbohydrates: Sugars
and Energy Storage
Monosaccharides Polysaccharides
The most basic units of Large, complex carbohydrates
carbohydrates, such as like starch, glycogen, and
glucose, fructose, and cellulose that store and
galactose. transport energy.

Versatile Functions
Carbohydrates serve as fuel, structural components, and signaling
molecules in living organisms.
Lipids: Fats, Oils, and Cell Membranes

Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids


Fats and oils that store energy and The main structural components of cell Lipids that act as hormones and
insulate the body. membranes. regulate various bodily processes.
Proteins: Structural and
Functional Molecules
Primary Structure
1
The linear sequence of amino acids that makes up the
protein.

Secondary Structure
2
The local, regular arrangements of the amino acid chain.

Tertiary Structure
3
The overall three-dimensional shape of the protein
molecule.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
DNA RNA Genetic Code

The genetic material that stores and A similar molecule that plays a crucial The sequence of nucleotides in DNA
transmits hereditary information. role in protein synthesis. and RNA that encodes genetic
instructions.
Enzymes: Biological
Catalysts
Substrate Binding

1 Enzymes bind to specific substrates at their active sites.

Catalysis

2 Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions,


accelerating the process.

Product Release

3 The modified substrates are released as products of the


reaction.
Biomolecules and
Metabolism

1 Energy Production 2 Biosynthesis


Biomolecules like Biomolecules are also used
carbohydrates and lipids to build larger, more
are broken down to release complex molecules in the
energy. body.

3 Regulatory Roles
Biomolecules, such as enzymes and hormones, regulate and
coordinate these metabolic processes.
The Importance of Biomolecules in Everyday
Life
Nutrition Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids provide essential
nutrients for the body.

Medicine Biomolecules like insulin and antibodies are used to treat


various health conditions.

Industry Enzymes and other biomolecules are used in industrial


processes and product manufacturing.

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