Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations
4-1
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Multiply. Use the greatest common factor to write each answer in

simplest form.
2 6 3 2 8 7
1. i 2. i 3. i
3 7 4 3 21 10

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

5 3 3
4. 24 i 5. 32 i 6. 21 i
6 8 7

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Add or subtract. Use the least common multiple as the denominator.

4 5 5 3 3 3
7. + 8. − 9. +
15 6 12 20 5 20

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

5 5 5 3 9 7
10. − 11. 3 +1 12. 2 −1
8 24 12 8 10 18

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Solve.
1
13. Louis spent 12 hours last week practicing guitar. If of the time
4
was spent practicing chords, how much time did Louis spend
practicing chords?

___________________________

3 2
14. Angie and her friends ate of a pizza. Her brother Joe ate of what
4 3
was left. How much of the original pizza did Joe eat?

___________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
52
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations
4-1
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Multiply. Use the greatest common factor to write each answer in

simplest form.
4 3 7 3 7
1. i 2. i 3. 18 i
9 8 9 14 9

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Add or subtract. Use the least common multiple as the denominator.

7 5 7 3 2 7
4. + 5. 1 − 6. +
15 6 12 20 5 20

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Solve.
7. A recipe calls for the following ingredients.
1
3 c flour ______ t salt ______
2
3
c sugar ______ 4 c fruit ______
4
2 T butter ______
2
To make of the recipe, how much of each ingredient should you
3
use? Write the revised amount on the line next to each ingredient.
2
8. Half of a pizza was broccoli and half was mushroom. George ate
3
1
of the broccoli part and of the mushroom part. How much of the
4
pizza did he eat?

___________________________

9. What else could you call the least common multiple in an addition or
subtraction problem involving fractions?

_________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
53
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations
4-1
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Multiply. Use the greatest common factor to write each answer in

simplest form. The first one is done for you.
2 3 12 3 5
1. i 2. i 3. 24 i
3 4 15 4 8

2 3 6 1
i
3 4 12 2
________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Add or subtract. Use the least common multiple as the denominator.

The first one is done for you.
11 3 3 9 11 2
4. − 5. + 6. +
12 20 5 20 15 3

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Solve. The first one is done for you.

7. Lyza used 24 ounces of spaghetti to make a recipe. If she wanted
1
to make as much, how much spaghetti should she use?
4
1
i 24 6; 6 ounces
4
___________________________

4
8. Noah spent 25 hours working on his car. He spent of his
5
time working on the transmission. How much time did Noah spend
working on the transmission?

___________________________

1
9. Miguel made lemonade. He mixed cup of lemon juice with
3
4
cup of water. How much more water than lemon juice did Miguel
9
use?

______________________________________________________________ ___________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
54
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations
4-1
Reteach
How to Multiply a Fraction by a Fraction
2 3
i
3 8
2 3 6
i Multiply numerators.
3 8
2 3 6
i Multiply denominators.
3 8 24
6 6 1
Divide by the greatest common factor (GCF).
24 6 4
The GCF of 6 and 24 is 6.
How to Add or Subtract Fractions
5 11
+
6 15
25 22
+ Rewrite over the least common multiple (LCM).
30 30
The least common multiple of 6 and 15 is 30.
25 22 47
+ Add the numerators.
30 30 30
17
1 If the sum is an improper fraction, rewrite
30
it as a mixed number.

Multiply. Use the greatest common factor.

3 7 2 7 7 22
1. i 2. i 3. i
4 9 7 9 11 28

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

3 4 3 3 2
4. 8 i 5. i 6. i
10 9 4 7 3

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Add or subtract. Use the least common multiple.

7 5 21 3 11 7
7. + 8. − 9. +
9 12 24 8 15 12

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
55
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations
4-1
Reading Strategies: Use Graphic Aids
2
You can find the answer to 6 i using fraction strips and multiplication.
3
2 12
6i
3 3

1. What fractional part of each fraction strip is shaded? _______________

2. How many of these fraction strips are there? _______________

3. Write a multiplication equation for this picture. _______________

You can use fraction strips to find the least common multiple.
3 1
+
4 3

3 1 9 4
+ +
4 3 12 12

3 1 13 1
So, + 1 .
4 3 12 12

Find the products. Use the greatest common factor. Write each
answer in simplest form.
1 5 11
4. 6 i 5. 3 i 6. 2 i
9 9 14

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Find the sums. Use the least common multiple. Write each answer in
simplest form.
1 5 2 7 9 1
7. + 8. + 9. +
4 12 9 12 10 4

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
56
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying GCF and LCM to Fraction Operations
4-1
Success for English Learners

Problem 1
3 1 3
i
1 9 9
The GCF
of 3 and
9 is 3.
3 3 1
9 3 3

Problem 2
2 2
+
4 3
2 of 4 parts THINK:
What is the LCM
of 4 and 3?
2 of 3 parts

2 2 6 8 14
+ +
4 3 12 12 12
The LCM
of 4 and
3 is 12.

2 2 14 7
+
4 3 12 6

1. Compare the steps you take to multiply fractions to the steps you take
to add fractions.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain how using the greatest common factor and the least common
multiple helps you to multiply, and add or subtract fractions.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
57
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Fractions
4-2
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Find the reciprocal.

5 3 3
1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________
7 4 5

1 4 13
4. _______________ 5. _______________ 6. _______________
10 9 14

7 3 5
7. _______________ 8. _______________ 9. _______________
12 10 8

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.

5 1 7 2 9 3
10. _______________ 11. _______________ 12. _______________
6 2 8 3 10 4

3 6 6 5 3
13. 9 _______________ 14. _______________ 15. _______________
4 9 7 6 10

5 3 5 3 21 7
16. _______________ 17. _______________ 18. _______________
6 4 8 5 32 8

Solve.
3
19. Mrs. Marks has pound of cheese to use making sandwiches.
4
1
She uses about pound of cheese on each sandwich. How many
32
sandwiches can she make with the cheese she has?

_____________________________________

20. In England, mass is measured in units called stones. One pound

1 3
equals of a stone. A cat weighs stone. How many pounds does
14 4
the cat weigh?

_____________________________________

21. Typographers measure font sizes in units called points. One point is
1
equal to inch. Esmeralda is typing a research paper on her
72
1
computer. She wants the text on the title page to be inch tall. What
2
font size should she use?

_____________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
58
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Fractions
4-2
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Find the reciprocal. Tell whether it is greater or less than 1.

3 3 8
1. 2. 3.
7 4 5

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

1 8 13
4. 5. 6.
11 9 4

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

7. If a fraction is less than 1, what do you know about its reciprocal?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

8. If a fraction is greater than 1, what do you know about its reciprocal?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

9. What is the product of a number and its reciprocal? _________________

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.

5 2 7 3 8 2
10. ____________ 11. ____________ 12. ____________
6 3 8 5 9 5

2 4 5 7 3 9
13. ____________ 14. ____________ 15. ____________
3 5 7 9 5 11

Answer each question.

16. In problems 10–12, the dividend is greater than the divisor. What do
you know about the quotients?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

17. In questions 13–15, the divisor is greater than the dividend. What do
you know about the quotients?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3 1
18. Jonathan has 1 hours to practice guitar. If he spends hour on
4 8
each song, how many songs can Jonathan practice? For how many
minutes does he practice each song?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
59
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Fractions
4-2
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Find the reciprocal. The first one is done for you.

3
2 2 7 8
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________
3 9 5
1 9 3
4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________
9 10 10
4 8 6
7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________
7 1 7

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form. The first one is done for you.
3 1 7 2 5 3
10. 11. 12.
4 2 10 3 6 4
3 2 6 1
i 1
4 1 4 2
________________________ _______________________ ________________________

3 5 5 5 7 5
13. 14. 15.
10 6 9 7 10 6

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

7 3 11 2 5 10
16. 17. 18.
8 4 12 3 7 13

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Solve. The first one has been started for you.

3
19. Each package of dried fruit contains of a pound. Mr. Lopez has
16
4 pounds of dried fruit. How many packages can he fill?

3
4 4
16 ______ 3 ______ ________ packages

1 3
20. One inch is of a foot. Eunice has a puppy that is of a foot tall.
12 4
How many inches tall is her puppy?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
21. One minute is of an hour. What part of an hour is 12 minutes?
60

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
60
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Fractions
4-2
Reteach

Two numbers are reciprocals if their product is 1.

2 3 2 3 6
and are reciprocals because i 1.
3 2 3 2 6
Dividing by a number is the same as multiplying by its reciprocal.

1 1 1 1 2 1
i
4 2 2 4 1 2
So, you can use reciprocals to divide by fractions.
2 1
Find .
3 4
First, rewrite the expression as a multiplication expression.
1 4
Use the reciprocal of the divisor: i 1.
4 1
2 1 2 4
i
3 4 3 1 Think: 6 thirds
8 is 2, and 2 of
3 the 8 thirds are
2 left over.
2
3

Rewrite each division expression as a multiplication expression. Then

find the value of the expression. Write each answer in simplest form.
1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 3 2 4 8 2 3 4

________________ ________________ _______________ ________________

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.

1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
5. 6. 7. 8.
5 2 6 3 8 5 8 2

________________ ________________ _______________ ________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
61
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Fractions
4-2
Reading Strategies: Use Models
Bar models can help you picture dividing by fractions.

7 1 7
What is ? Think: How many one-fourths are in ?
8 4 8

Use the picture to answer each question.

1 7
1. How many whole groups of are in ? ___________
4 8
1
What fraction of a group of is left? __________
4
7 1
2. _________________
8 4
7
Instead of dividing, multiply by the reciprocal. Think: four times.
8

Use the picture to answer each question.

3. How many whole bars are shaded? _________________

4. How many additional eighths of a bar are shaded? _________________

What is this fraction in simplest form? _________________

5. All together, how many bars are shaded? _________________

6. Compare the multiplication and division examples. What do you notice

1
about the answer you get when you divide by or multiply by 4?
4

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
62
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Fractions
4-2
Success for English Learners

Problem 1 Problem 2

1. How do you find the reciprocal of a fraction?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5 1
2. Explain the steps you follow to divide by .
8 3

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. You multiply any fraction times its reciprocal. What is the product?
Give an example.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
63
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Mixed Numbers
4-3
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Find the reciprocal. Show that the product of the mixed number and
its reciprocal is 1.
1 3 8
1. 10 2. 6 3. 2
2 7 9

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

1 2 5
4. 15 5. 9 6. 7
4 3 8

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form.

8 5 6 3 1
7. 1 8. 2 1 9. 3 2
10 6 7 5 4

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

1 3 5 1 11 5
10. 4 2 11. 5 3 12. 2
2 8 6 6 12 8

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

9 3 4 2 2 8
13. 1 14. 6 3 15. 9 6
13 8 5 9 3 9

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Write each situation as a division problem. Then solve.

2 5
16. A concrete patio is 5 feet wide. It has an area of 36 square feet.
3 6
Is the concrete slab long enough to fit a 7-foot picnic table without
placing the table along the diagonal of the patio? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
3
17. The area of a mirror is 225 square inches, and its width is 13 inches.
4
Will the mirror fit in a space that is 15 inches by 16 inches? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
1
18. Barney has 16 yards of fabric. To make an elf costume, he needs
5
2
5 yards of fabric. How many costumes can Barney make?
5

_________________________________________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
64
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Mixed Numbers
4-3
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Solve.
1. Vanessa buys a strip of 25 postage stamps. The strip of stamps is
7
21 inches long. How long is a strip after Vanessa uses 1 stamp?
8

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3 1
2. Hasan has 18 yards of fabric. It takes 3 yards to make a
4 6
pillowcase. Hasan plans to make as many pillowcases as he can.
How many yards of fabric will be left over?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

7
3. Takafumi is hiking on a path that is 5 miles long. There are
8
6 markers evenly posted along the path. Takafumi arrives at the
4th marker. How many miles has he hiked so far?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
4. Yuki has a ribbon that is 11 feet long. She divides it into pieces that
4
7
are each 1 feet long. She uses three pieces to make a bow. How
8
many bows can she make in all?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2
5. Mrs. Lemke has 10 ounces of fertilizer for her plants. She plans to
3
3
use ounce of fertilizer on each plant. After she puts fertilizer on as
4
many plants as she can, how much fertilizer will be left over?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5 7
6. Gabriel has 15 pounds of clay. He will use pound to make each
8 10
bowl. After making 8 bowls, Gabriel wonders how many more bowls he
can make. How many more bowls can he make? Explain how you
know.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
65
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Mixed Numbers
4-3
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Show how to write each mixed number as an improper fraction. Then

find the reciprocal. The first one is done for you.
1 3 8
1. 9 2. 5 3. 1
2 7 9
(9 2) + 1 19
2 2
________________________ ________________________ ________________________
2
The reciprocal is .
19
________________________ ________________________ ________________________

1 2 5
4. 14 5. 8 6. 6
4 3 8

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Divide. Write each answer in simplest form. The first one is done for you.
7 2 5
7. 1 8. 2 1
10 6 7
7 8 7 6 42 21
10 6 10 8 80 40
_____________________________________ _____________________________________

3 2 11 3
9. 4 2 10. 1
5 5 12 4

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

Write a division expression for each problem. Then solve. The first
one is done for you.
3 2
11. Larry has 9 yards of fabric. He will use 2 yards to make each vest.
5 5
How many vests can Larry make?

3 2 48 12 48 5 48
9 2 4
5 5 5 5 5 12 12
____________________________________________ 4
Larry can make ________ vests.

5 2 1
12. A patio has an area of 20 ft , and the width is 3 feet. What is the
6 2
length of the patio?

____________________________________________________ The patio is ________ feet long.

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
66
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Mixed Numbers
4-3
Reteach

Two numbers are reciprocals if their product is 1.

7 3 7 3
and are reciprocals because 1.
3 7 3 7
Write a mixed number as an improper fraction to find its reciprocal.
3 4 3 11 11 4
2 and are reciprocals because 2 and 1.
4 11 4 4 4 11
3 3
To find 2 1 , first rewrite the mixed numbers as improper fractions.
4 4
11 7
4 4
Next, rewrite the expression as a multiplication expression and replace
the divisor with its reciprocal.
11 4
4 7
Solve. Write your answer in simplest form.
3 3 11 7 11 4 11 4
2 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 7 7 7

Find the reciprocal.

9 1 2
1. 2. 3 3. 10
14 2 3

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Complete the division. Write each answer in simplest form.

3 1 1 1 5 7
4. 3 2 5. 1 1 6. 1
5 4 2 4 12 8
18 3
5 4 2 4 12 8

5 9

________________________ ________________________ ________________________

1 1 1 2 1
7. 3 8. 1 2 9. 2 1
8 2 6 3 5

________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
67
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Mixed Numbers
4-3
Reading Strategies: Use a Model
A model is useful for dividing mixed numbers.
1
The Smith family has a 2 -foot-long sandwich to share. Each
2
1 1
-foot of the sandwich serves one person. How many -foot
2 2
servings are in this sandwich?
1 1
Find 2 .
2 2
1
Step 1: Draw a square and label it .
2
1
2
1
Step 2: Draw a row of these squares until they add up to 2 .
2
1
2
2
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
1
Step 3: Count the number of squares needed to reach 2 .
2
1
2
2
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2

1 2 3 4 5
1. How do you represent a single serving?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
2. Why draw a row of servings until they add up to 2 ?
2

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
3. How many -foot servings does the Smith family have?
2

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1 1
4. What is 2 ? ________________
2 2

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
68
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Mixed Numbers
4-3
Success for English Learners

Problem 1 Problem 2
3 How wide is the rectangle?
What is the reciprocal of 2 ?
4
2
Write the mixed number as an improper A 56 ft 2 W ?
3
fraction.
1
3 3 l 8 ft
2 2+ 2
4 4 2
8 3 56 ft 2
+ 3
4 4 What is the area?
11
4 What is the length? 1
8 ft
How can I find the width? 2
11
What is the reciprocal of ?
4
Divide the area by the length.
Flip it!
2 1 170 17
56 8
11 4 3 2 3 2
4 11 170 2
3 17
How can I tell this is right? 10
170 2
11 4 44
1 3 17 1
4 11 44
20 2
or 6
Wow! The 3 3
product is 1. 2
The width is 6 ft.
3

1. How is dividing mixed numbers different from multiplying mixed numbers?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the first step to divide mixed numbers?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why would you expect the width of the rectangle to be about 7 ft?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
69
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON Solving Multistep Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers

4-4
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Solve. Show your work.

1 5
1. After a holiday dinner, there are 3 apple pies left and 2 pumpkin
3 6
pies left.
a. How much more apple pie than pumpkin pie is left?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

1
b. Tom ate of the leftovers. How much pie in all did he eat?
2

_____________________________________________________________________________________

1
2. An angelfish was 1 inches long when it was bought. Now it is
2
1
2 inches long.
3

a. How much has the angelfish grown? _________________________________________________

1
b. An inch is of a foot. How much has the angelfish grown in feet? ____________________
12

3. There was a 6 square-foot piece of wrapping paper for a birthday present.

3
It takes 3 square feet of the paper to wrap the present. How many
8
pieces of 6 square-foot paper are needed to wrap 3 of these presents?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
4. Today, a bicycle rider rode her bike 5 miles. Yesterday, she rode
2
1
6 miles. The difference in length between the two rides is what
4
fraction of the longer ride?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. A survey by the state health department found that the average person
5
ate 208 pounds of vegetables last year and 125 pounds of fruit. What
8
fraction of the total pounds of fruit and vegetables do the pounds of
fruits represent?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
70
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON Solving Multistep Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers

4-4
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Solve. Show your work.

1
1. One wintry week a ski town got 15 inches of snow. On Monday the town
2
3 1
got 2 inches; on Tuesday it got 1 times as much; and on Wednesday it
4 2
7
got inch. How much snow did the town get the rest of the week?
8

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Laura was making a recipe that said the ingredients were for 6 people,
2
but she needed to make it for 8 people. The recipe called for 2 cups
3
1
of milk and cup of oil. How many cups of these liquid ingredients did
4
she need for 8 people?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Brian decided to make the same recipe in Exercise 2 for 4 people.

How many cups of these liquid ingredients did he need? Explain two
ways you could find the answer.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. A fence around a square garden is made up of 4 equal-sized pieces

1 1
that are each 5 feet long. Matt decided to make the sides 2 times
2 2
longer. How much fencing does he need in all?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
5. Pedro spent 2 hours on his math homework and half as long on his
5
science homework one weekend. If his English and social studies
7
homework took as long, how much time did he spend on homework
8
that weekend?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1 3 2
6. Ken spent of his allowance on a movie, on snacks, and on
5 8 7
games. If his allowance was $20, how much did Ken have left?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
71
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON Solving Multistep Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers

4-4
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Solve. Show your work. The first one is done for you.
1 5
1. After a party, there is apple pie left and pumpkin pie left.
3 6
a. How much more pumpkin pie than apple pie is left?
5 1 5 2 3 1
− − or pie
6 3 6 6 6 2
_____________________________________________________________________________________

1
b. Terri ate of the leftover pies. How much pie did she eat?
3

_____________________________________________________________________________________

1
2. An angelfish was 1 inches long when it was bought. Now it is
2
1
2 inches long.
2

a. How much has the angelfish grown? _________________________________________________

1
b. An inch is of a foot. How much has the angelfish grown in feet? ____________________
12

3. There was a 6 square-foot piece of wrapping paper for a present. It

1
takes 3 square feet of paper to wrap the present. How many pieces
8
of 6-foot-square paper are needed to wrap 2 presents?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
4. Today, a bicycle rider rode her bike 5 miles. Yesterday, she rode
2
6 miles. What fraction of the total of the two rides is the longer ride?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. A survey by the state health department found that the average person
5
ate 208 pounds of vegetables last year and 125 pounds of fruit. How
8
many pounds of vegetables and fruits did the average person eat per
1
month? [Hint: Remember that 1 month is of a year.]
12

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
72
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON Solving Multistep Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers

4-4
Reteach

In order to solve some problems involving mixed numbers, you will have
to rewrite the mixed number as a whole number and an improper
1 4
fraction. For example, 2 can be rewritten as 1 . The two numbers
3 3
1 1 3 1 3 1
are the same because 2 1+1 +1 1+ + .
3 3 3 3 3 3
This step is necessary when subtracting mixed numbers as shown here.

Example
1 5
After an office party, 4pizzas are left. A day later, there are 1 pizzas left. How much pizza
3 6
was eaten during the day after the party? One third of the pizza eaten on the day after the
party was pepperoni. How much of the day-old pizza eaten was pepperoni?

Solution:
First, change the denominator to the common denominator of 6:
1 2
4 4
3 6
2 5
Then, write the subtraction problem: 4 − 1
6 6
Since the fraction with 4 is less than the fraction with 1, write
2 2 6
4 as 1 + 3 and write 1 as so that the subtraction problem
6 6 6
8 5
becomes 3 − 1 .
6 6
Subtract the whole numbers and subtract the numerators of the
fractions:
8 5 3 1 1
3 −1 2+ or 2 ; 2 pizzas were eaten during the next day. Of
6 6 6 2 2
1 1 1 5 1 5
these, were pepperoni. So: 2 .
3 2 3 2 3 6
5
On the second day, of a pepperoni pizza was eaten.
6

Solve by rewriting the mixed number that is being subtracted.

1 5
1. A deli ordered 6 wheels of cheese. Over the weekend, 3 wheels of
2 8
3
cheese were sold. On Tuesday another 1 wheels were sold. How
4
much cheese was left for Wednesday?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
73
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON Solving Multistep Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers

4-4
Reading Strategies: Compare and Contrast
When you solve problems with fractions, mixed numbers, and whole
numbers, it can be helpful to compare and contrast different methods of
solving the problems. The example shows two ways to solve a problem
involving a mixed number and a whole number.
Example
A carpet store puts 40 square yards of outdoor carpet on sale. After the
1
sale, they have 10 square yards of carpet left. How much did they sell?
3
Of the carpet sold, half was green. How many square feet of green carpet
did they sell?
Method 1 Estimation can be used to solve this problem without converting
the 40 yards to a fraction and a mixed number. Forty yards less 10 yards is
30 yards. However, the real difference is one third of a yard less than 30
yards. Thirty yards less one third of a yard is 29 yards and a fraction. What
fraction? One third from one whole leaves two thirds. So, the amount of
2
carpet sold is 29 yards and two thirds of a yard or 29 square yards. Half
3
2 1
of 29 square yards is about 15 square yards or 14 square yards plus
3 2
1 5
square yard. So, they sold 14 square yards of green carpet.
3 6
Method 2 Change 40 yards to 39 yards and one yard. Write one yard as
3 1
thirds: three thirds. So, the problem becomes 39 + minus 10 . Subtract
3 3
the whole numbers: 39 − 10 29. Subtract the fractions. Since the fractions
have the same denominators, the numerators can be subtracted:
3 1 2
− .
3 3 3
2 2
Add 29 and to get 29 yards.
3 3
2 1 5
Then multiply 29 by to get 14 square yards.
3 2 6

Answer the question.

1. Which of the two methods of doing the problem in the example do you
prefer and why?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
74
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON Solving Multistep Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers

4-4
Success for English Learners

Problem 1a
1
Sarai has a piece of ribbon that is 6 yards long. She cuts off a piece that
3
5
is 2 yards long. How much ribbon is left?
6

Rewrite the fraction:

Step 1 Subtract to find 1 5 2 5 3 1

6 −2 6 −2 3 or 3 yards
out how much is left. 3 6 6 6 6 2

Problem 1b
1 1
Sarai wants to use of a 3 -yard piece of ribbon to wrap a present.
2 2
How much ribbon will she use?
1 1 7 1
3
2 2 2 2
7
or
4
3
1 yards
4

1. Why is 6 the common denominator in Problem 1a?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What operations did you use to solve Problems 1a and 1b?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
75
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

MODULE
Operations with Fractions
4
Challenge

The table shows the length and width of 4 rug designs that
a carpet store stocks. Use the table to answer problems 1–2.

Rug Design Length (ft) Width (ft)

1 3
Classic 8 10
2 4
3 3
Deco 10 9
4 8
2 3
Solid 7 8
5 5
3 1
Modern 10 9
5 2

1. The price of each rug is found by multiplying the area of the rug
(length times width) by the price per square foot. The price for all 4
rug designs listed above is $8 per square foot. Which rug is the most
expensive? How much does it cost?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Pauline orders a custom rug. She wants a rug that is the same final
price as the Deco but the same width as the Modern. What is the
length of the rug Pauline wants to purchase? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Solve.
1 2 3 4 5 99
3. , , , , ,…
2 3 4 5 6 100
In the list above, each fraction after the first is obtained by adding
1 to both the numerator and denominator of the fraction before it.
1
For example, the first fraction is . To get the second fraction, add
2
1+ 1 2 99
1 to 1 and to 2: . This pattern continues to . What is
2+1 3 100
the product of the fractions in the list above? What pattern can help
you find the product quickly?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
76
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Whole Numbers
5-1
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Estimate each quotient by rounding the dividend and the divisor to

the largest place value.
1. 585 13 2. 2,756 53 3. 22,528 98

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

4. 7,790 210 5. 17,658 360 6. 916 320

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Find each quotient using long division. Show your work.

7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______

29 1,334 92 20,884 25 18,175

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Find each quotient and remainder using long division. Show your
work.

10. ______ 11. ______ 12. ______

18 2,902 64 34,680 215 52,245

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Solve.
13. At the museum, there were 4,050 students in attendance from a total
of 15 different school districts. What was the average attendance from
each school district?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

14. The Appalachian Trail is about 2,175 miles long. If a hiker averages
12 miles each day, how long will it take her to hike the length of the trail?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
77
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Whole Numbers
5-1
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Estimate each quotient by rounding the dividend and the divisor to

the largest place value. Then estimate each quotient by rounding the
dividend and divisor to the nearest 10.
1. 585 13 2. 2,756 53 3. 22,528 98

__________________ __________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ __________________

4. 7,790 210 5. 17,658 360 6. 916 320

__________________ __________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ __________________

Answer the question.

7. In Exercises 1−6, which method of estimating usually gave you an
estimated quotient closer to the quotient?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Each quotient is given with the remainder in decimal form. What is the
remainder for each in fraction form?

8. 161.2 9. 541.875 10. 243.065116

18 2,902 64 34,680 215 52,259

__________________ __________________ __________________

Solve.
11. One weekend, 5,780 people saw a new movie at 17 different theaters. Each
theater sold tickets at $7.50 a piece. Assuming that each theater received
the same number of moviegoers, how much did each theater make?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

12. The Appalachian Trail is about 2,175 miles long.

a. If Katia averages 18 miles each day, how long will it take her to
hike the length of the trail?

__________________
b. Katia’s friend Joelle joins her for the last quarter portion of the
hike. How many full days will Joelle hike?

__________________
Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
78
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Whole Numbers
5-1
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Estimate the quotients by filling in the blanks. The first one is

done for you.
1. 345 28 2. 1,711 105

3
345 rounds to ___________ hundreds. 1,711 rounds to ____________ thousands.

3
28 rounds to ____________ tens. 105 rounds to _____________ hundred.

Quotient estimate: Quotient estimate:

300 30, or about 10

________________________________________ ________________________________________

3. 715 24 4. 2,315 ÷ 95

________________________________________ ________________________________________

Use long division to find the quotients and remainders by writing

numbers in the boxes. The first one is done for you.

5. 2 1 6.
15 3 2 5 23 7 6 4
3 0

2 5 4

1 5

1 0

7. 8.
41 1 8 7 5 36 8 4 4 1

5 4

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
79
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Whole Numbers
5-1
Reteach

Division is used to separate a quantity into a given number of equal

parts.
It is also used to separate a quantity into parts of a specific size.
A division algorithm breaks division with greater numbers into a series
of lesser divisions. Follow the steps for each lesser division:
Step 1: Divide and write the number in the first correct place in the −
quotient.
Step 2: Multiply the divisor by the number in the quotient.
Step 3: Subtract. repeat
Step 4: Bring down the next digit in the dividend.
Repeat these steps until there are no digits from the dividend left to
bring down.
Jon bought a package of 792 labels. There are 24 sheets of labels in the
package.
How many labels are on each sheet?

24 792 Divide to find the number of labels per sheet.

792 labels 24 sheets
Problem 1 33 Divide. 79 24 3. Place 3 in the tens place.
Multiply. 24 3 72
− 24 792
Subtract. 79 − 72 7
− 72 Bring down the next digit in the dividend: 2.
Problem 2 72
repeat −72 Repeat the process.
ones place.
Divide.72 24 3. Place 3 in the ___________
0 Multiply. 24 3 72
Subtract. 72 − 72 0
792 24 33. There are 33 labels on each sheet.

Use the 4-step process to do the division.

1. The art teacher has a box of 473 markers. She wants to distribute them
evenly among 11 tables. How many markers will she put on each table?
Divide: 47 ________ ________
Multiply: 11 ________ ________
Subtract: 47 − ________ ________
11 473
Bring down the ________.
− 44
− Repeat the steps.
33 Divide: ________ ________ ________
− 33 Multiply: ________ ________ ________
repeat
0 Subtract: ________ − ________ ________
Answer: ________ markers
Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
80
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Whole Numbers
5-1
Reading Strategies: Build Vocabulary
Division is the act of separating something into equal parts. This means
that the parts of a problem include a total, the number of groups, and the
number of items in one group. These three parts are named the dividend,
divisor, and quotient.

The number that represents the total or what is being separated, is

the dividend.

Identify the number that is the dividend for each situation.

1. Gina has a collection of 645 stamps. She stores the stamps on pages
that each holds 15 stamps.
_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Karl wants to fill a storage case that he uses to hold his miniature toy
cars. The case has 5 racks that will hold 120 cars.
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Unlike the dividend, the divisor and quotient can take on multiple roles. They
can each represent the number of groups or the number of items in the group.
When the divisor is the number of groups, the quotient is the number of items
in each group. When the divisor is the size of the group, the quotient is the
number of groups. These differences do not change the way you compute the
quotient, it simply changes the meaning of the quotient.

Answer each question. Explain your answer.

3. In Question 1, does the number 15 represent the number of groups or
the number of items in a group?
_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In Question 2, does the number 5 represent the number of groups or

the number of items in a group?
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Find each quotient. Does the quotient represent the number of groups
or the number of items in a group?
5. Gina has a collection of 645 stamps. She stores the stamps on pages
that each holds 15 stamps. How many pages are in Gina’s collection?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Karl uses a storage case to hold his miniature toy cars. The case has 5
racks that will hold 120 cars. How many cars will each of the 5 racks hold?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
81
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Whole Numbers
5-1
Success for English Learners

Problem 1
Step 1 Step 2
Estimate 120 65 120 65 120 60
120 120 120 60 2
65 60
So, the quotient is about 2.

Think: Check your estimate.

12 6 2 and 120 65 1.846
120 60 2. So, 1.846 is close to 2.
So, 120 and 60 are
compatible numbers.
They are easy to
divide mentally.

Problem 2
Divide 235 by 17. Step 1 Divide 23 by 17. What do you get?
1 with 6 left over.
13 Write the 1 in the quotient.
17 235 Multiply 1 times 17.
−17 Write 17 below the 23.
65 Subtract 17 from 23.
−51 Step 2 Write the 6 and bring down the 5.
14 What do you get? 65.
Step 3 Divide 65 by 17. What do you get?
3 with 14 left over.
Write the 3 in the quotient.
Step 4 Write the answer:
235 17 13 R 14

1. In Problem 1, is the estimate an underestimate or an overestimate?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why are 150 and 50 compatible numbers?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. In Problem 2, write the answer in Step 4 with a whole number and a

fraction.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
82
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
5-2
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Find each sum or difference.

1. 1.5 + 2.3 2. 8.9 − 5.1 3. 2.5 + 1.3 + 4.1

__________________ __________________ __________________

4. 7.25 + 8.75 5. 8.16 − 7.72 6. 3.3 + 4.5 + 2.6

__________________ __________________ __________________

7. 8.9 + 3.05 8. 10.64 − 8.8 9. 4.1 + 0.35 + 6.564

__________________ __________________ __________________

Solve.
10. Marcus is 1.5 meters tall. His sister is 0.1 meter taller than Marcus.
Their father is 0.2 meter taller than his sister. How tall is their father?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Jennifer brought $24.75 to the baseball game. She spent $12.45 on
drinks and snacks. How much money does she have left over?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Find the missing digit.

12. 7.089 13. 16.594 14. 6.2 67
+ 2. 13 − .175 + 9.75
9.502 11.419 15.9867

_________ _________ _________

Solve.
15. A gourmet pizza café sells three sizes of pizzas. If you buy all three
sizes, it costs $46.24. A medium pizza costs $15.75 and a large pizza
costs $17.50. How much does the small pizza cost?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

16. A carpenter has three sheets of plywood that are each 6.85 feet long.
A 3.4-foot piece is cut from one sheet and 0.5-foot piece is cut from
another sheet. How many feet of plywood is left in all?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
83
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
5-2
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Write each fraction as a decimal.

2 7 1 5
1. 2. 3. 3 4. 5
3 6 9 18

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

5. What is a common feature of all of the decimals in Exercises 1–4?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Add or subtract as indicated.

6. 0.333 7. 0.121212 8. 3.456456
+ 0.666 + 0.454545 − 1.345345

____________ ____________ ____________

Solve.
9. Write 0.333 as a fraction. 10. Write 0.666 as a fraction.

n _________ n _________

10n _________ 10n _________

9n _________; n _________ 9n _________; n _________

11. Write 0.343434 as a fraction. 12. Write 1.432432 as a fraction.

n _________ n _________

100n _________ 1,000n _________

99n _________; n _________ 999n _________; n _________

13. Why are the decimals in Exercises 11 and 12 multiplied by 100 and 1,000, respectively?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
84
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
5-2
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Shade the grid to find each sum. The first one is done for you.
1. 0.3 + 0.34 2. 0.15 + 0.19

0.64
__________________ __________________

Estimate the answer. The first one is done for you.

3. 12.05 12
is about ______ 4. 34.5 is about ______

+ 27.6 is about ______

28 − 17.7 is about ______
39.65
______ or about ______
40 ______ or about ______

Fill in the digits and find the answer. The first one is done for you.
5. 47.65 + 8.059 6. 77.5 + 23.87

55.709
____________________________ ____________________________

Find the sum or difference. Use any of the methods in this lesson.
The first one is done for you.
7. 105.6 − 78.25 8. 13.2 + 0.5 + 200.6

105.60

− 78.25

27.35

27.35
____________________________ ____________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
85
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
5-2
Reteach

You can use a place-value chart to help you add and subtract decimals.
Add 1.4 and 0.9. Subtract 2.4 from 3.1.

So, 1.4 + 0.9 2.3. So, 3.1 − 2.4 0.7.

Find each sum or difference.

1. 2.

_________________ __________________

3. 4.3 + 1.4 4. 14.4 − 3.8 5. 7.3 + 8.5 6. 12.34 − 6.9

________________ ________________ _______________ ________________

Estimate the answers to Exercises 3–6 by rounding to the nearest

whole number. Compare your estimate to the exact answers.
7. 4.3 + 1.4 8. 14.4 − 3.8 9. 7.3 + 8.5 10. 12.34 − 6.9

________________ ________________ _______________ ________________

________________ ________________ _______________ ________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
86
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
5-2
Reading Strategies: Use a Graphic Organizer
Writing decimals in a place-value grid helps you line up decimal
points to add or subtract decimals.

1.40 Add zeros as place holders.

28.05
5.38
− 6.30
+ 2.70 21.75
9.48 Place decimal point in answer.

1. How does the place-value grid help you add or subtract?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Place these numbers on the place-value 3. Place this problem on the place-value
grid below: 3.25, 1.06, 2.9. grid below: 23.8−7.2.

4. Add the numbers on the place-value 5. Subtract the numbers on the place-
grid in Exercise 2. What is the sum? value grid in Exercise 3. What is the
difference?

________________________________________ ________________________________________

6. For which numbers did you add zero as a place holder?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
87
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
5-2
Success for English Learners

Problem 1
Place value charts can help you add or subtract decimals.
Example
Add 1.05 and 0.0517.
Solution
Look at the place value charts for the numbers.

When you add, you line up the decimal points: 1.05

+ 0.0517
1.1017

Problem 2
Add 0.12 and 0.50.
First, line up the decimal points:

Second, add the numbers in each place. 0, 6, and 2

Third, write the answer: 0.62

1. In Problem 1, how would read the decimal point if you are saying the
number words?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What happens to the value of the sum or difference of numbers if you

do not align their decimal points?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
88
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Multiplying Decimals
5-3
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Show the decimal multiplication on the grids. Find the product.

1. 0.2 × 0.6 ________ 2. 0.3 × 0.7 ________

Draw an area model to represent the multiplication problems below.

Find the product.
3. 1.2 × 3.3 = ______ 4. 4.1 × 2.1 = ______

Multiply.
5. 0.1 6. 0.9 7. 0.3 8. 1.6
× 0.2 ×6 × 0.8 × 2.9

9. 1.5 × 0.41 = 10. 0.24 × 2.68 = 11. 3.13 × 4.69 = 12. 5.48 × 15.12 =

_________________ _________________ _________________ ________________

Solve.
13. Each basket can hold 2.5 pounds of apples. How many pounds can
7 baskets hold?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Canvas cloth costs $7.50 per square meter. How much will 3.5 square
meters of canvas cost?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
89
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Multiplying Decimals
5-3
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Estimate each product to the nearest whole number. Then, find the product.
1. 0.7 0.85 2. 3.05 1.95 3. 0.55 2.3

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

4. 4.699 1.74 5. 10.37 5.086 6. 5.593 19.71

________________________ _______________________ ________________________

Compare using or without calculating the product.

7. 2.4 3.8 3.5 2.8 8. 6.28 3.82 3.3 6.84

Solve.
9. A forestry service biologist has time to study insect infestation in an
area of 50 square kilometers. On the forest service map, the scale is
1 centimeter equals 1 kilometer. The four possible sectors available for
study appear as rectangles on the map. Complete the table by
calculating the map area of each sector.

Sector Map Dimensions (cm) Map Area (cm2)

A 2.5 5.8
B 3.7 2.1
C 4.7 3.5
D 4.2 2.8

a. How can you calculate the actual area of each sector?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

b. Does the biologist have time to study all four areas? Explain why or why not?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c. What combinations of three sectors could the scientist study?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

d. Which combination of sectors maximizes the area to be studied?

Explain why.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
90
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Multiplying Decimals
5-3
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Multiply. The first one is done for you.

1. 0.5 2. 4 3. 9 4. 0.25
×3 × 0.8 × 0.7 ×3
1.5

Show the decimal multiplication on the grids. Do not solve.

5. 0.1 × 0.7 6. 0.4 × 0.8 7. 0.3 × 0.7

Name the number of decimal places.

8. 2.4 ← _____ decimal places 9. 0.456 ← _____ decimal places
× 0.83 ← _____ decimal places × 2.4 ← _____ decimal places
Answer ← _____ total decimal places Answer ← _____ total decimal places

Multiply. The first one is done for you.

10. 7.1 5 11. 4.36
× 2.5 × 1.2
3575
1430
17.875

Solve.
12. A cabinetmaker buys 3.5 liters of oak varnish. The varnish costs
$4.95 per liter.
a. Write a multiplication expression for this purchase.

_____________________________________

b. How much does 3 liters of varnish cost? _________________________

c. How much does 0.5 liters of varnish cost? ___________________________

d. What is the total cost of 3.5 liters of varnish? ___________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
91
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Multiplying Decimals
5-3
Reteach

You can use a model to help you multiply a decimal

by a whole number.
Find the product of 0.12 and 4.
Use a 10-by-10 grid. Shade 4 groups of 12 squares.
Count the number of shaded squares. Since you have
shaded 48 of the 100 squares, 0.12 4 0.48.

Find each product.

1. 0.23 3 2. 0.41 2 3. 0.01 5 4. 0.32 2

_________________ _________________ _________________ ________________

5. 0.15 3 6. 0.42 2 7. 0.04 8 8. 0.22 4

_________________ _________________ _________________ ________________

You can also use a model to help you multiply a decimal

by a decimal.
Find the product of 0.8 and 0.4.
Step 1 Shade 8 tenths of the figure.
Step 2 Shade darker 4 tenths of the shaded area.
Step 3 How many squares have you shaded twice?
You have twice shaded 32 of the squares.
So, 0.8 0.4 0.32.

Find each product.

9. 0.2 0.8 10. 0.7 0.9 11. 0.5 0.5 12. 0.3 0.6

_________________ _________________ _________________ ________________

13. 0.5 0.2 14. 0.4 0.4 15. 0.1 0.9 16. 0.4 0.7

_________________ _________________ _________________ ________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
92
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Multiplying Decimals
5-3
Reading Strategies: Use Graphic Aids

Each grid has 26 of 100 squares shaded to represent 0.26.

You can add the decimals to 0.26 + 0.26 + 0.26 + 0.26 + 0.26 + 0.26 1.56
find out how much of the grids
are shaded.
Or, you can multiply the
shading of one grid by 6. 0.26 6 1.56

Use the grids for Exercises 1 to 5.

1. Shade the grids so that each one represents 0.89.

2. Write an addition expression to represent the shaded grids.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Evaluate your addition expression to find the sum.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Write a multiplication expression to represent the shaded grids.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Evaluate your multiplication expression to find the product.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
93
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Multiplying Decimals
5-3
Success for English Learners

Problem 1
How many decimal places are in each number?
2.7 1.25 23
Start at the decimal point. Count the digits to its right.

2.7 1.25 23

one decimal place two decimal places no decimal place

Problem 2
Multiply: 1.2 × 1.6
1.2 1 decimal place 1.2
1.6 1 decimal place × 1.6
72
+ 120
1 + 1 = 2 decimal places 1.92

1. How do you find the decimal place in the product of two decimals?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. To place the decimal point in the product of two decimals, do you

move the decimal point to the left or to the right?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. After you place the decimal point in a product of two decimals, how do
you tell if the answer is reasonable?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Is each product reasonable? Write yes or no. If no, give a reasonable estimate.

4. 0.8 × 3 = 0.12 5. 5.2 × 6.7 = 34.84 6. 2.4 × 3 = 72

_________________ _________________ _________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
94
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Decimals
5-4
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Use decimal grids to find each quotient. First, shade the grid.
Then, separate the model to show the correct number of equal parts.

1. 3.6 1.2 2. 3.27 3

________________________________________ ______________________________________

Find each quotient.

3. 9.5 142.5 4. 3 39.6 5. 2 10.88

________________________ _______________________ _________________

6. 10.5 1.5 7. 9.75 1.3 8. 37.5 2.5

________________________ _______________________ _________________

Estimate each quotient to the nearest whole number. Then, find the
actual quotient.
9. 0.9 3.78 10. 2.5 36 11. 0.25 7 12. 9.5 142.5

_________________ _________________ _________________ ________________

Solve.
13. A camera attached to a telescope photographs a star’s image once
every 0.045 seconds. How many complete images can the camera
capture in 3 seconds?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

14. A geologist noticed that land along a fault line moved 24.8 centimeters
over the past 175 years. On average, how much did the land move
each year?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
95
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Decimals
5-4
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Estimate the quotient. Then find the exact quotient.

1. 8.4 2.4 2. 13.75 2.25 3. 5.45 0.5

Estimate: Estimate: Estimate:

_________________ _________________ _________________

Exact Quotient: Exact Quotient: Exact Quotient:

_________________ _________________ _________________

Compare using , , or without calculating the quotient.

4. 0.05 3 0.005 3 5. 1.9 4.7 19 4.7

6. 0.35 0.78 0.35 7.8 7. 1.2 34 0.12 3.4

Solve.
8. Acme Hardware is introducing a new product called Greener Cleaner.
Complete the table by finding the cost per milliliter for each size based
on the sales price. One liter is 1,000 milliliters.

Amount Price
Size Sale Price
of Liquid per Milliliter
Small 250 milliliters $4.50
Medium 500 milliliters $9.95
Large 1 liter $16.95

a. Write an expression using or to compare the three containers by

price per milliliter.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

b. What is the least expensive way to buy 1,500 milliliters of Green

Cleaner? Write an expression to represent your choice and evaluate.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c. What is the most expensive way to buy 1,500 milliliters of Green

Cleaner? Write an expression to represent your choice and evaluate.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
96
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Decimals
5-4
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Find each quotient. The first one is done for you.

1. 2.8 4 2. 1.8 2 3. 3.6 6

0.7
_________________ _________________ _________________

4. 7.2 9 5. 0.15 3 6. 4.8 8

_________________ _________________ _________________

Find each quotient. The first one is done for you.

7. 2.4 0.4 8. 1.4 0.2 9. 4.8 0.6

6
_________________ _________________ _________________

10. 3.3 0.3 11. 2.6 1.3 12. 7.2 1.2

_________________ _________________ _________________

Solve.
13. At the grocery store, a six-pack of bottled water costs $2.88.
How much does each bottle cost?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

14. It rained 2.79 inches in July. What was the average daily rainfall in
July? (Hint: July has 31 days.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Over several months, a meteorologist recorded a total snowfall of

8.6 centimeters. During this period, the average monthly snowfall was
4.3 centimeters. For how many months did the meteorologist collect
measurements of the snowfalls?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Almonds cost $3.49 per pound. A bag of almonds costs $6.95.
To the nearest whole pound, about how many pounds of almonds
are in the bag?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
97
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Decimals
5-4
Reteach

You can use decimal grids to help you divide by whole numbers.

To divide 0.35 by 7, first shade in a decimal 0.35 7 means “divide 0.35 into 7 equal
grid to show thirty-five hundredths. groups.” Show this on the decimal grid.

The number of units in each group is the quotient.

So, 0.35 7 0.05.

Find each quotient.

1. 0.6 5 2. 0.78 6 3. 0.32 4 4. 0.99 0.0033

________________ ________________ _______________ ________________

You can use powers of 10 to help you divide a decimal by a decimal.

Divide 0.048 by 0.12.
Notice that 0.12 has two decimal places.
To make this a whole number, multiply by 100.
0.048 0.12 0.12 100 12 0.048 100 4.8
Then divide.
4.8 12 Step 1: Divide as you would with a whole number.
0.4
12 4.8 Step 2: Think 48 12 4.
48
Step 3: Place the decimal point in the quotient.
0 Add a zero as necessary.

So, 0.048 0.12 0.4.

Find each quotient.

5. 0.4 0.08 6. 0.9 0.63 7. 0.008 0.4 8. 0.04 0.032

________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
98
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Decimals
5-4
Reading Strategies: Use Graphic Aids

You can use a hundreds grid to show division with decimals.

The grid shows 0.15.

0.15 3 means “separate

0.15 into 3 equal groups.”

0.15 3 makes 3 equal

groups of 0.05.
0.15 3 0.05

Use the grids to complete 1–8.

1. Shade 0.60 of the grid at right.

2. Divide the shaded area into 3 equal sections.

3. Write a decimal that represents each section. ____________

4. Write a division problem for your model.

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

5. Shade 0.72 of the grid at right.

6. Divide the shaded area into 8 equal sections.

7. Write a decimal that represents each section. ___________

8. Write a division problem for your model.

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
99
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Dividing Decimals
5-4
Success for English Learners

Problem 1
Find 3.6 1.2.

1 . 2 3 . 6 12 36

Divisor Dividend

Remember: To multiply by 10, move the decimal point 1 place to the right.

Problem 2
Sari’s car goes 17.5 miles for every gallon of gas.
How many gallons of gas does Sari’s car use to go 227.5 miles?

13.0
17.5 227.5

1. What is the quotient in Problem 1?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Does the quotient in Problem 1 have a remainder? How do you know?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Write another question to go with Problem 2. Solve.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
100
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying Operations with Rational Numbers
5-5
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B

Solve.
1. Four friends equally shared the cost of 2. Twenty people are going by van to a
supplies for a picnic. The supplies cost movie. Each van seats 8 people. How
$12.40. How much did each pay? many vans are needed to take everyone?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

3. Plastic forks come in packs of 6. You 4. Kesha spent a total of $9.60 on new
need 40 forks for a party. How many shoelaces. Each pair cost $1.20. How
packs of forks should you buy? many pairs of shoelaces did she buy?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

3
5. Horses are measured in units called 6. A banana bread recipe calls for cup
4
1 1
hands. One inch equals hand. The butter. One tablespoon equals cup.
4 16
1 How many tablespoons of butter are
average Clydesdale is 17 hands tall.
5 needed to make the banana bread?
What is this height in inches? In feet?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

7. Cindy works part-time and earns $5.75 8. At a gymnastics competition, Joey scored
an hour. One year she worked 50 weeks 9.4, 9.7, 9.9, and 9.8. Carlos scored 9.5,
and averaged 12.4 hours of work per 9.2, 9.7, and 9.6. Who had the greater
week. About how much money did she average score? By how many points was
earn that year? his score greater?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

1 1
9. A granola recipe calls for 2 cups of 10. At a zoo, 3 pandas eat a total of 181
3 2
almonds. A bag of almonds contains pounds of bamboo shoots each day. The
1 male panda eats 3 times as much as the
2 cups. To make 2 batches of granola,
2 baby. The female eats twice as much as
Ali buys 5 bags of almonds. How many the baby. How many pounds of bamboo
cups of almonds will he have left over? shoots does the female panda eat?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
101
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying Operations with Rational Numbers
5-5
Practice and Problem Solving: C

Solve.
1. Sandy makes linen scarves that are 2. A small rug is 36 inches long. Its width is
7 2
of a yard long. How many scarves can of its length. What is the width of the
8 3
she make from 156 feet of fabric? rug in feet?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

4
3. Four friends split equally a lunch bill of 4. Jade spent $37.60 on groceries. of
5
$36.96 plus 20% tip. How much did each
that total was spent on vegetables. How
person pay?
much was spent on other items?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

5. In January, Gene watched 5 movies. Their lengths are Movie Length (min)
shown in the table. How many hours did Gene spend
A 147.8
watching movies? _________________ B 119.7

What was the average length of a movie in hours? C 156.4

D 158.3
_________________
E 112.9
Which movies were longer than the average?________________

1 3
6. Derrick’s garden is 18 feet long. He plants bulbs of a
2 8
foot apart. How many bulbs can Derrick plant in one row?

_________________

Derrick plants three rows of bulbs that cost $0.79 each.

How much does he spend on bulbs? _________________

7. Yin’s cellphone plan costs $30 a month. She used 12.5 hours in May.

What was her cost per minute? _________________

Yin’s average call lasted 3.25 minutes. How much did an average

call cost? _________________

About how many calls did Yin make in May? _________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
102
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying Operations with Rational Numbers
5-5
Practice and Problem Solving: D

Solve each problem. The first one has been done for you.
9 2. Tomas is saving $17.00 each week to
1. A hiking trail is mile long. There are
10 buy a new sewing machine that costs
7 markers evenly posted along the trail $175.50. How many weeks will he have
to direct hikers. This results in 6 spaces of to save to have enough money to buy the
the same length between the markers. sewing machine?
How far apart are the markers?
3
of a mile _____________________________________
20
_____________________________________

3. Sequins come in packs of 75. Agnes uses 4. Jessie pays $2.19 each month for an
12 sequins on each costume. If she has annual subscription to Sewing magazine.
one pack of sequins, how many costumes She receives 12 magazines annually.
can she make? How much does Jessie pay for an annual
subscription?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

5. Lisa’s family drove 830.76 miles to visit 6. Jamal spent $6.75 on wire. Wire costs
her grandparents. Lisa calculated that $0.45 per foot. How many feet of wire did
they used 30.1 gallons of gas. How many Jamal buy?
miles per gallon did the car average?

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

7. In England, mass is measured in units 1

8. Dan uses 6 cups of flour to make pita
called stones. One pound equals 4
1 bread for his family. The recipe calls for
of a stone. A cat has a mass of 1
14 2 cups. How many batches of the pita
3 2
stone. What is its mass in pounds? bread recipe did he make?
4

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

9. Shari used a total of 67.5 yards of cotton 10. Mike earned $11.76 per hour for working
material to make costumes for the play. 23.5 hours last week. How much money
Each costume used 11.25 yards of cloth. did Mike earn last week?
How many costumes did Shari make?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
103
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying Operations with Rational Numbers
5-5
Reteach
When a word problem involves fractions or decimals, use these four steps to
help you decide which operation to use.
1
Tanya has 13 feet of ribbon. To giftwrap boxes, she needs to
2
7
cut it into -foot lengths. How many lengths can Tanya cut?
8
Step 1 Read the problem carefully. The number of lengths is asked for.
What is asked for?
Step 2 Think of a simpler problem Tanya has 12 feet of ribbon. She wants to
that includes only whole cut it into 2-foot lengths. How many
numbers. lengths can she cut?
Step 3 How would you solve the Divide 12 by 2.
simpler problem? Tanya can cut 6 lengths.
Step 4 Use the same reasoning with 1 7
Divide 13 by .
the original problem. 2 8
Tanya can cut 15 lengths.

Tell whether you should multiply or divide. Then solve the problem.
1. Jan has $37.50. Tickets to a concert cost $5.25 each.
How many tickets can Jan buy?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4
2. Jon has $45.00. He plans to spend of his money on sports
5
equipment. How much will he spend?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Ricki has 76.8 feet of cable. She plans to cut it into 7 pieces.
How long will each piece be?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1
4. Roger has 2 cups of butter. A recipe for a loaf of bread requires
2
3
cup of butter. How many loaves can Roger bake?
4

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
104
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying Operations with Rational Numbers
5-5
Reading Strategies: Analyze Information

Word problems contain information that helps you choose which operation
to use. Look for clues to help you decide whether to multiply or divide.
Read the problem carefully.
What is given? What are you asked to find?

Given Asked to Find Operation

a whole a fractional part Multiply by the fraction.
a whole
the size of the parts Divide.
and the number of parts
a whole
the number of parts Divide.
and the size of a part

Identify the information given and what you are asked to find.
Tell whether to multiply or divide. Then solve the problem.
1. A pumpkin weighs 31.3 pounds. It is split into 3 equal pieces.
What does each part weigh?

Given: __________________________________________________________________________________

Find: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Operation and solution: __________________________________________________________________

2 1
2. A pumpkin weighs 22 pounds. What does of it weigh?
3 6

Given: __________________________________________________________________________________

Find: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Operation and solution: __________________________________________________________________

1
3. A pumpkin weighs 42 pounds. A grocer wants to cut it into pieces
3
1
weighing 2 pounds each. How many pieces can he cut?
2

Given: __________________________________________________________________________________

Find: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Operation and solution: __________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
105
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

LESSON
Applying Operations with Rational Numbers
5-5
Success for English Learners

1. How do you know where to place the decimal point in the quotient in
Problem 1?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How can you determine if your answer to Problem 2 is correct?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
106
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________

MODULE
Operations with Decimals
5
Challenge

Divya is cooking dinner. She goes to the market to buy ingredients.

The price per pound of different ingredients is shown in the table below.

Ingredient Price (per lb)

Beef $10.65
Onions $2.49
Potatoes $3.29
Tomatoes $8.45
Asparagus $4.99

Divya’s recipe calls for 3.25 pounds of beef, 0.65 pounds of onions, 0.2
pounds of potatoes, 0.15 pounds of tomatoes, and 0.33 pounds of asparagus.

1. How much will Divya pay for all the ingredients in the recipe? Show
your work.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Divya decides to make a vegetarian version of the recipe. To do this

she replaces beef with 2.5 pounds of chickpeas and 1.75 pounds of
lentils. At the market, chickpeas cost $2.49 per pound and lentils cost
$3.59 per pound. How much money does Divya save by making the
vegetarian version of her meal? Show your work.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Divya also wants to make fruit smoothies for dessert. She purchases
a container of rice milk for $3.49, two pounds of strawberries at $4.99
per pound, and six bananas at $0.75 each. How much did Divya spend
on dessert? Show your work.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
107