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Classical conditioning is a learning process where associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus, leading to a learned response, first described by Ivan Pavlov. Key components include the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response, with processes like acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. This concept has applications in education, therapy, and advertising.

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7 views1 page

Ass 21

Classical conditioning is a learning process where associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus, leading to a learned response, first described by Ivan Pavlov. Key components include the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response, with processes like acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. This concept has applications in education, therapy, and advertising.

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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Psychology - Classical Conditioning

Definition: Classical conditioning is a learning process through which associations


are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus, leading to a learned
response. It was first described by Ivan Pavlov in the early 20th century.

Key Figures:

Ivan Pavlov: A Russian physiologist who conducted experiments with dogs,


demonstrating classical conditioning through observable behavioral responses to
stimuli.
Pavlov's Experiment:

Pavlov studied the salivary response of dogs. He found that dogs would salivate not
only when food was presented but also when they heard a bell that had previously
been rung before food was given.
Components of Classical Conditioning:
Unconditioned Stimulus (US): A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a
response (e.g., food).
Unconditioned Response (UR): The automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
(e.g., salivation in response to food).
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired
with the unconditioned stimulus, begins to elicit a conditioned response (e.g., the
bell).
Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the conditioned stimulus (e.g.,
salivation in response to the bell).
Processes in Classical Conditioning:

Acquisition: The initial stage of learning when the CS is paired with the US. It is
a crucial phase where the association forms.
Extinction: The process by which the conditioned response diminishes over time when
the CS is presented without the US.
Spontaneous Recovery: The reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of
extinction, suggesting that the association was not completely forgotten.
Applications:

Classical conditioning has implications in various fields, including education,


therapy (e.g., behavior modification techniques), and even advertising (creating
emotional responses to products).

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