Chapter 8: Quality Control - 80 Thematic MCQs

1. Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control

1. Which of the following best describes quality assurance (QA)?

A. Detects defects after production

B. Focuses on product inspection

C. Prevents defects during process

D. Analyzes customer feedback

Answer: C

2. What is the primary focus of quality control (QC)?

A. Process improvement

B. Defect prevention

C. Inspection and correction

D. Product design

Answer: C

3. How does QA differ from QC?

A. QA is reactive; QC is proactive

B. QA ensures quality during production; QC inspects after

C. QA fixes defects; QC prevents them

D. QA is for service only

Answer: B

4. Which phase typically uses QC techniques?

A. Pre-design

B. During production

C. After production

D. Strategic planning
Answer: C

5. Which is NOT a benefit of QA?

A. Reduced rework

B. Increased inspection workload

C. Early error detection

D. Process reliability

Answer: B

6. Internal auditors shifting to QA roles focus more on:

A. Postmortem analysis

B. Risk aversion only

C. Defect detection

D. Process design and early detection

Answer: D

7. QA can be best described as:

A. Reactive

B. Tactical

C. Retrospective

D. Preventive

Answer: D

8. QC can be best described as:

A. Preventive

B. Strategic

C. Post-event verification

D. During design

Answer: C
9. The main goal of QA is:

A. Ensure quality through inspection

B. Control defective output

C. Embed quality into processes

D. Replace auditing

Answer: C

10. Which of these best reflects QC's timing?

A. Before production begins

B. At product conception

C. During production

D. After the process is complete

Answer: D

2. DMAIC & DMADV Methodologies

1. What is the first step in DMAIC?

A. Measure

B. Define

C. Analyze

D. Improve

Answer: B

2. Which step in DMAIC involves identifying root causes?

A. Control

B. Analyze

C. Define

D. Measure

Answer: B
3. What does DMADV stand for?

A. Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify

B. Design, Model, Audit, Develop, Validate

C. Develop, Measure, Assess, Define, Verify

D. Define, Monitor, Adjust, Develop, Verify

Answer: A

4. Which methodology is used for improving existing processes?

A. DMADV

B. PDCA

C. DMAIC

D. RACI

Answer: C

5. DMADV is best applied when:

A. Improving current workflow

B. Designing a new product or process

C. Conducting root cause analysis

D. Validating risk management

Answer: B

6. In Six Sigma, what is the purpose of the 'Control' phase?

A. Design a new product

B. Maintain process improvements

C. Identify process variability

D. Train auditors

Answer: B

7. Which phase of DMAIC evaluates current process performance?

B. Define

C. Control

D. Improve

Answer: A

8. Which tool is often used in the 'Analyze' phase?

A. Control Charts

B. SWOT

C. RACI

D. Flowchart

Answer: A

9. 'Verify' in DMADV ensures:

A. Employees are trained

B. Customers are notified

C. New process meets needs

D. Audit risks are resolved

Answer: C

10. The goal of both DMAIC and DMADV is to:

A. Reduce audit costs

B. Improve or design quality processes

C. Increase output volume

D. Enforce compliance rules

Answer: B

3. ISO 9001 Principles

1. What is a key principle of ISO 9001?

B. Customer focus

C. Market dominance

D. Asset control

Answer: B

2. Which of the following is NOT a core ISO 9001 principle?

A. Evidence-based decision making

B. Customer focus

C. Financial auditing

D. Process approach

Answer: C

3. 'Leadership' in ISO 9001 promotes:

A. Worker independence

B. Focus on long-term goals

C. Organizational alignment

D. Vendor outsourcing

Answer: C

4. Process approach means:

A. Avoiding unnecessary reviews

B. Managing activities as linked systems

C. Shortening cycle times

D. Prioritizing budgets

Answer: B

5. What role does 'evidence-based decision making' serve?

A. Reduces staff dependency

C. Guides improvements using data

D. Avoids stakeholder input

Answer: C

6. Which clause of ISO 9001 covers context of the organization?

A. Clause 4

B. Clause 6

C. Clause 8

D. Clause 10

Answer: A

7. ISO 9001 is primarily concerned with:

A. Cybersecurity

B. Quality Management Systems

C. Accounting rules

D. Procurement methods

Answer: B

8. Continuous improvement in ISO 9001 implies:

A. Daily team briefings

B. Regular compliance tests

C. Ongoing refinement of processes

D. Annual reviews only

Answer: C

9. ISO 9001 is issued by:

A. FDA

B. OECD
C. ISO

D. WHO

Answer: C

10. Benefits of ISO 9001 certification include:

A. Increased taxes

B. Improved customer trust

C. Decreased training

D. Legal immunity

Answer: B

4. Internal Auditing's Role in Quality

1. Internal audit's role in quality includes:

A. Setting pricing strategy

B. Identifying risks and control gaps

C. Designing products

D. Hiring managers

Answer: B

2. Auditors help improve quality by:

A. Building new systems

B. Eliminating staff

C. Providing independent assurance

D. Reducing production

Answer: C

3. Which of these is a quality-related audit objective?

A. Evaluate leadership style

B. Assess vendor pricing

D. Approve hiring

Answer: C

4. Auditors may evaluate which ISO aspect?

A. Legal claims

B. ISO 9001 compliance

C. Marketing ROI

D. Website traffic

Answer: B

5. Auditing quality processes helps organizations to:

A. Reduce product variety

B. Avoid inspections

C. Drive continual improvement

D. Create legal defenses

Answer: C

6. Which tool would auditors use to review QMS effectiveness?

A. SWOT

B. Checklists

C. Flowcharts

D. PERT charts

Answer: B

7. Internal auditors ensure quality standards are:

A. Outsourced

B. Ignored

C. Followed and reviewed

Answer: C

8. Audits often evaluate compliance with:

A. Local folklore

B. Personal values

C. Documented procedures

D. News trends

Answer: C

9. Audit findings contribute to:

A. Penalty reports

B. Disciplinary action

C. Management decisions

D. Hiring interviews

Answer: C

10. Root cause analysis in audits is used to:

A. Find surface issues

B. Highlight job openings

C. Understand underlying issues

D. Create job descriptions

Answer: C

5. Financial Statement Assertions

1. Which assertion confirms that reported transactions actually occurred?

A. Rights

B. Occurrence

C. Accuracy
D. Timing

Answer: B

2. Completeness assertion checks if:

A. Transactions were duplicated

B. All relevant data is included

C. Employees are listed

D. Assets are undervalued

Answer: B

3. Valuation relates to:

A. Who owns the asset

B. When it was bought

C. Amounts recorded properly

D. Fraud detection

Answer: C

4. Rights and obligations ensure:

A. Leases are terminated

B. Assets are owned and liabilities valid

C. Cash flow is high

D. Budgets are correct

Answer: B

5. Cutoff deals with:

A. Financial year-end adjustments

B. HR separations

C. IT permissions

D. Supplier payments
Answer: A

6. Classification addresses:

A. Department names

B. Placement of items in reports

C. Training manuals

D. Control environments

Answer: B

7. Existence confirms:

A. Physical presence of assets

B. Expense limits

C. Employee roles

D. Cost ceilings

Answer: A

8. Accuracy means:

A. Events happen in sequence

B. Items are fairly priced

C. Amounts are correct

D. Books are audited

Answer: C

9. Presentation and disclosure require:

A. Legal review

B. Full visibility to stakeholders

C. Fewer pages

D. Anonymous disclosures

Answer: B
10. Assertions help ensure:

A. Rules are strict

B. Audit teams are lean

C. Financial reports are reliable

D. Marketing is aligned

Answer: C

6. Tools for Continuous Improvement

1. Which tool is used to identify root causes?

A. Control chart

B. Pareto chart

C. Fishbone diagram

D. Run chart

Answer: C

2. A Pareto chart helps in:

A. Time management

B. Prioritizing issues based on frequency

C. Drawing process flows

D. Managing cost

Answer: B

3. Which is a key Lean tool?

A. DMAIC

B. Value Stream Mapping

C. SWOT

D. RACI

Answer: B
4. The '5 Whys' technique is used for:

A. Listing products

B. Simplifying meetings

C. Root cause analysis

D. Estimating costs

Answer: C

5. Which is an example of mistake-proofing?

A. Fishbone diagram

B. Poka-Yoke

C. Histogram

D. Flowchart

Answer: B

6. Kaizen promotes:

A. Large-scale projects

B. Break-even analysis

C. Continuous small improvements

D. Full system replacement

Answer: C

7. A control chart is used to:

A. Display workflow design

B. Track process stability over time

C. Summarize survey data

D. Benchmark competitors

Answer: B

8. Which tool displays frequency distribution?

B. Flowchart

C. Control chart

D. Radar chart

Answer: A

9. Standard work promotes:

A. Customized outputs

B. Cost estimation

C. Consistent performance

D. Flexible teams

Answer: C

10. Visual management aims to:

A. Replace all controls

B. Hide problems

C. Make status visible and intuitive

D. Reduce audits

Answer: C

7. Risk-Based Thinking in Quality Control

1. Risk-based thinking means:

A. Ignoring outliers

B. Reacting to failures

C. Anticipating and addressing risks proactively

D. Waiting for audits

Answer: C

2. Which framework supports risk-based thinking?

B. ISO 9001:2015

C. GRC

D. COSO

Answer: B

3. Risk-based approach focuses resources on:

A. High-risk areas

B. Low priority issues

C. Compliance only

D. Marketing plans

Answer: A

4. What tool is used to identify and assess risks?

A. Histogram

B. Risk matrix

C. Pareto chart

D. Control chart

Answer: B

5. A key benefit of risk-based quality is:

A. Reducing control systems

B. Eliminating testing

C. Improved allocation of resources

D. Delayed reviews

Answer: C

6. Preventive actions in risk management aim to:

A. Add steps
B. Fix existing failures

C. Avoid future nonconformities

D. Replace QA

Answer: C

7. Which clause of ISO 9001 emphasizes risk-based thinking?

A. Clause 4

B. Clause 5

C. Clause 6

D. Clause 8

Answer: C

8. Risk appetite is defined as:

A. Willingness to explore market

B. Tolerance for advertising

C. Amount of risk an entity is willing to take

D. Stakeholder interest

Answer: C

9. A high control environment with low risk tolerance implies:

A. Informal processes

B. Strict protocols

C. No documentation

D. Overhead increase

Answer: B

10. Auditors use risk thinking to:

A. Identify popular tools

B. Limit staff
C. Focus on areas of potential non-compliance

D. Set bonuses

Answer: C

8. Engagement and Leadership in Quality Systems

1. Leadership in quality systems should ensure:

A. Silence of errors

B. Employee punishment

C. Alignment of objectives

D. Fast hiring

Answer: C

2. Engaged leaders:

A. Avoid data

B. Micromanage only

C. Promote quality culture

D. Skip procedures

Answer: C

3. What drives quality systems?

A. Authority

B. Leadership commitment

C. Reports

D. ISO alone

Answer: B

4. Quality leadership includes:

A. Ignoring audit results

B. Supporting reactive controls

D. Delegating inspections only

Answer: C

5. How can management ensure system success?

A. Limit resources

B. Lead by example

C. Reduce controls

D. Postpone training

Answer: B

6. Leaders support continual improvement by:

A. Ignoring root causes

B. Celebrating quick fixes

C. Empowering teams

D. Limiting reviews

Answer: C

7. What role do employees play in quality?

A. None

B. Obey orders only

C. Identify and report issues

D. Write policies

Answer: C

8. Effective communication supports quality by:

A. Creating confusion

B. Ensuring shared understanding

C. Isolating departments
D. Delegating reviews

Answer: B

9. When leaders engage staff, they:

A. Reduce feedback

B. Drive resistance

C. Encourage ownership

D. Increase inspections

Answer: C

10. Recognition in quality systems is important because:

A. It reduces cost

B. It motivates participation

C. It avoids reporting

D. It eliminates training

Answer: B