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Deep Learning (DL) is a subset of Machine Learning (ML) that utilizes deep neural networks to model complex data patterns, inspired by the human brain. It differs from ML in that it automatically learns features from large datasets, requires significant computational power, and is applied in areas such as image recognition and natural language processing. Key learning paradigms include supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, with various applications across fields like healthcare and finance.

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13 views5 pages

DP Ca3

Deep Learning (DL) is a subset of Machine Learning (ML) that utilizes deep neural networks to model complex data patterns, inspired by the human brain. It differs from ML in that it automatically learns features from large datasets, requires significant computational power, and is applied in areas such as image recognition and natural language processing. Key learning paradigms include supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, with various applications across fields like healthcare and finance.

Uploaded by

sudamakr7690
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DEEP LEARNING

1. What is Deep Learning?

Deep Learning (DL) is a subset of Machine Learning (ML) that uses neural networks with
mul ple layers (deep neural networks) to model complex pa erns in data. It is inspired by
the structure and func on of the human brain. DL is widely used in tasks such as image
recogni on, natural language processing (NLP), and autonomous systems.

2. Difference Between Machine Learning (ML) & Deep Learning (DL)

Feature Machine Learning (ML) Deep Learning (DL)

ML focuses on training models to make DL is a subset of ML using deep


Defini on
decisions from data. neural networks.

Feature Learns features automa cally


Requires manual feature selec on.
Extrac on from data.

Data Requires large datasets for


Works with small to medium datasets.
Requirement training.

Slower training due to complex


Training Time Faster training with tradi onal models.
architectures.

Needs high-performance
Computa on Requires less compu ng power.
GPUs/TPUs.

Example Decision Trees, SVMs, Logis c


CNNs, RNNs, Transformers.
Algorithms Regression.

3. Supervised Learning in Neural Networks

Supervised Learning involves training a neural network using labeled data, where input-
output pairs are known. The network learns a mapping func on to predict outputs based on
inputs.

Example:

 Input: Handwri en digit image

 Output: Digit label (0-9)

 Algorithm: Neural network minimizes loss using backpropaga on and op miza on.
4. Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised Learning deals with training neural networks on unlabeled data. The network
learns hidden pa erns and structures in data.

Examples:

 Clustering (e.g., K-Means, DBSCAN)

 Dimensionality Reduc on (e.g., PCA, Autoencoders)

5. Reinforcement Learning (RL)

Reinforcement Learning is a learning paradigm where an agent interacts with an


environment, takes ac ons, and learns from rewards/punishments.

Key Concepts:

 Agent: Learner (e.g., AI in games)

 Environment: The system where the agent operates

 Ac on: Decision taken by the agent

 Reward: Feedback to improve performance

Example: AlphaGo defea ng human champions in Go.

6. Biological Neural Networks

Biological Neural Networks (BNNs) refer to the interconnected neurons in the human brain,
which inspired Ar ficial Neural Networks (ANNs).

Comparison with ANNs:

 BNNs: Real neurons with synapses, slower but highly efficient.

 ANNs: Ar ficial neurons (perceptrons), faster but require large data.


7. Components of a Neural Network

 Input Layer: Takes in raw data.

 Hidden Layers: Perform computa ons and feature extrac on.

 Output Layer: Produces the final predic on.

 Weights & Biases: Adjust network learning.

 Ac va on Func on: Controls neuron output.

9. Applica ons of Deep Learning

 Image Recogni on (Face recogni on, Object detec on)

 NLP (Chatbots, Machine Transla on)

 Autonomous Systems (Self-driving cars, Drones)

 Medical Diagnosis (Cancer detec on, Drug discovery)

 Finance (Fraud detec on, Stock predic ons)

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