WRITING TASK 1

PARAPHRASE WRITING TASK 1:

Diagram table / figure / illustration/ graph /
chart / flow chart / picture/
presentation/ pie chart / bar graph/
column graph / line graph / table data/
data / information / pictorial/ process
diagram/ map/ pie chart and table/ bar
graph and pie chart
Shows represents / depicts / enumerates /
illustrates / presents/ gives /
provides / delineates/ outlines/
describes / delineates/ expresses/n
denotes/ compares/ shows contrast /
indicates / figures / gives data on /
gives information on/ presents
information about/ shows data about/

DescriptionTony Doan demonstrates/ summarises.

the comparison of...
the differences...
the changes...
the number of...
information on...
data on...
the proportion of...
the amount of…
information on...
data about...
comparative data...
the trend of...
the percentages of..
Increase Verb form:
rise / increase / go up / uplift /

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rocket(ed) / climb / upsurge / soar/

shot up/ improve/ jump/ leap/ move
upward/ skyrocket/ soar/
surge.
Noun form:
a rise / an increase / an upward tren a
growth / a leap / a jump / an
improvement/ a climb
Decrease Verb form:
fall / decrease / decline / plummet /
plunge / drop / reduce / collapse /
deterioriate/ dip / dive / go down /
take a nosedive / slump / slide / go
into free-fall.
Noun form:

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a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a
downward trends la downward
tendency / a decline/ a drop / a slide
/ a collapse / a downfall
Steadiness Verb form:
unchanged / level out / remain
constant / remain steady / plateau /
remain the same / remain stable /
remain static
Noun form:
a steadiness/ a plateau / a stability/.
static
Rapid change Adverb form:
dramatically / rapidly / sharply /
quickly / hurriedly / speedily / swiftly
/ significantly/ considerably /
substantially / noticably
Adjective form:
dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick /

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hurried / speec swift / significant /

considerable / substantial / noticable.
Moderate change Adverb form:
moderately / gradually / progressively
/ sequentially.
Adjective form:
moderate / gradual / progressive /
sequential.
Steady change Adverb form:
steadily/ ceaselessly.
Adjective form:
steady/ ceaseless.
Slight change Adverb form:
slightly / slowly / mildly / tediously.

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Adjective form:
slight / slow / mild / tedious.
Rapid ups and downs Verb form:
wave / fluctuate / oscillate / vacillate /
palpitate
Noun form:
waves / fluctuations / oscillations /
vacillations / palpitations
Dates, Months, Years…. From 1990 to 2000, Commencing
from 1980, Between 1995 and 2005,
After 2012.
» By 1995, In 1998, In February,
Over the period, During the period,
During 2011.
» In the first half of the year, For the
first quarter, The last quarter of the
year, During the first decade.
» In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the
next 6 months, In the mid-70s, Next
10 years, Previous year, Next year,
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Between 1980 - 1990.

» Within a time span of ten years,
within five years.
» Next month, Next quarter, Next
year, Previous month, Previous year.
» Since, Then, From.
Percentages 10% increase, 25 percent decrease,
increased by 15%, dropped by 10 per
cent, fall at 50%, reached to 75%,
tripled, doubled, one-fourth, three-
quarters, half, double fold, treble, 5
times higher, 3 timers lower, declined
to about 49%, stood exactly at 43%.
Fractions 4% = A tiny fraction.

Tony Doan
24% = Almost a quarter.
25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a
half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarter,
more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarter
Propotions 2% = A tiny portion, a very small
proportion.
4% = An insignificant minority, an
insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small

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portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A
significant proportion.89% = A very
large proportion.
89% = A very large proportion
Approximation » Approximately
» Nearly
» Roughly
» Almost
» About
» Around
» More or less

Tony Doan » Just over

» Just under
» Just around
» Just about
» Just below
» A little more than
» A little less than.
To contrast n compare While/whilst, more.... than, Likewise,
to reflect, Whereas, different from,
Similarly, to mirror, However, differ
As ----as, to have in, On the other
hand, although, common, Even so, in
contrast to, Just as, Nevertheless,
conversely, In the same way, Less
----than, unlike, Like, alike

PROCESS
To be picked Được hái

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To be harvested Được thu hoạch

To be dried in the sun Được phơi dưới nắng
To be cleaned Được làm sạch / Được rửa
To be put in something Được bỏ vào
To be fermented Được lên men
To be molded Được đúc khuôn
To be frozen Được cấp đông
To be separated Được tách ra
To be mixed with something Được trộn với
To be crushed Được nghiền nát
To be delivered/ transported/ sent/ Được đem tới
taken to somewhere

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To be packaged Được đóng gói
To be sold Được bán
To evaporate Bốc hơi
To condense Ngưng tụ
A certain period of time Một khoảng thời gian nhất định
Between … and … days/months/years Từ … đến … ngày / tháng / năm
In the space of only Trong không gian của chỉ
A few days later Một vài ngày sau
Continues indefinitely Tiếp tục vô thời hạn
Cycle Chu kỳ
Repetition Sự lặp lại
Loops Vòng lặp
Recurs Lặp lại
First/ firstly Giới thiệu bước đầu tiên
Second/secondly Giới thiệu bước thứ hai
After/ afterwards/ once/ Following Giới thiệu bước theo sau

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Next Giới thiệu bước kế tiếp

Later/ Subsequently Sau đó
Finally/ lastly Giới thiệu bước cuối cùng
Meanwhile Trong lúc
Step Bước
During Khi có hai bước xảy ra cùng lúc
While/at the same time
Thereby
Produce Sản xuất
Make Tạo ra
Move Di chuyển
Natural Tự nhiên/thuộc về thiên nhiên

Tony Doan
Human-produced Sản xuất bởi con người
Man-made Sản xuất bởi con người
Cyclical Có tính chu kỳ
Linear Tuyến tính
Create Tạo ra
Distribute Phân phối
Demolished phá hủy
Produce Sản xuất
Erected Xây dựng
Redeveloped quy hoạch

Forms:
1. Table
2. Bar chart
3. Line graph
4. Pie chart
5. Map

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6. Process
7. More than one graph

TABLE/ BAR CHART / LINE GRAPH/ PIE CHART

Introduction:
 The ________ depicts the fluctuations in … over a …-year period,
beginning in …
 This ________ illustrates the variations in … observed from [year] to
[year].
 The ________ gives information about…
 The ________ compare(s)…
 The ________ makes a comparison between … and …
 The ________ shows changes in…
 The ________ illustrates …

Tony Doan
 The ________ shows data about…

The general statement is the first sentence (or two) you write in your reporting.
It should always deal with: WHAT + WHERE + WHEN

Overview/ summary:
Có thể mở đầu bằng :
**At first glance, it is evident that …
**At first glance, it is unequivocally discernible that ….
- Overall, As can be seen, According to, At the onset, It is clear that,…
 Overall, there was a discernible trend in [data] throughout the given
timeframe (có 1 xu hướng có thể thấy rõ trong giai đoạn đã cho).
 The line graph reveals a (consistent) upward or downward trajectory
in [data] over the course of the period (mô tả xu hướng tăng hoặc giảm
liên tục trong suốt giai đoạn).
 The highest point - the pinnacle of [data] (cao nhất)
 whereas the lowest - the nadir of… / its nadir (thấp nhất)

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Ex:
“Overall, there was a discernible trend in the sales of electric vehicles
throughout the given timeframe.”

“The line graph reveals a consistent upward trajectory in global temperature

over the course of the period.”

“The line graph showcases the revenues generated by a software company over
a five-year period, and the pinnacle of revenue was reached in the third year.”

“At its nadir in the mid-1980s, the pound was almost at parity with the dollar.”

Specific details:
- Upon closer examination, …
 Between [year] and [year], there was a substantial surge/plunge in
[data] (có 1 sự tăng rất mạnh.. chỉ dùng khi tăng/giảm rất mạnh)
 [Data] experienced a gradual ascent/descent from [year] to [year]

Tony Doan
(tăng/giảm dần dần).
 The line graph exhibits notable fluctuations in [data], reaching a peak
in [year] (có 1 sự dao động rõ ràng, đạt đỉnh ở năm bao nhiêu).

Ex:
“Between 2010 and 2015, there was a substantial surge in global oil prices,
with prices increasing by over 100%.”

“Global average temperature experienced a gradual ascent from 1980 to

2020, with an increase of 0.8 degrees Celsius.”

“The line graph exhibits notable fluctuations in stock market prices, reaching
a peak in 2019.”

Comparison n contrast:
 In contrast to X, Y demonstrated a more pronounced incline/decline
(trái ngược với…, … chứng kiến 1 sự tăng hoặc giảm rõ ràng)

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 While X depicted a gradual decline, Y experienced a rapid surge in

[data]. (trong khi X chứng kiến 1 sự giảm dần dần, Y tăng đột ngột và rất
mạnh)

MAP
Introduction:

 The provided map illustrates the layout and features of [location] during
[time period].
 This map presents an overview of [location] and its various elements.
 The map provides a visual representation of [location], showcasing its
key landmarks and infrastructure.

Overview:

Tony Doan
 Overall, it is evident from the map that there have been significant
changes in [location] over time.
 The map reveals several prominent features, with particular attention to
[specific feature].
 A general observation of the map highlights the presence of [trends or
patterns] in [location].

Specific details:
Para 1:

 The map clearly indicates the presence of [feature] in [location]. Initially,

[describe initial state]. However, over time, there has been a noticeable
increase/decrease in [feature].

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 One striking feature in the map is [feature]. It can be observed that

[describe initial state], but there has been a substantial transformation
in [feature], as evidenced by [specific details or data].
 A significant change depicted in the map is the development of [feature].
Initially, [describe initial state], but there has been a remarkable
expansion/alteration in [feature] over the given time period.

Para 2:

 Another noteworthy aspect highlighted in the map is [feature].

Initially, [describe initial state]. However, there has been a gradual
shift/change in [feature], with [specific details or data] indicating the
transformation.

Tony Doan
 The map also demonstrates the presence of [feature]. While [describe
initial state], there has been a considerable growth/decline in [feature], as
depicted by [specific details or data].
 Additionally, the map portrays the existence of [feature]. It is evident
that [describe initial state], but there has been a significant
modification/progression in [feature] over the given time frame.

PROCESS
Introduction:

 The chart/ diagram (shows/ describes/ illustrates/ explains) how + clause

 The production of…
 The process of producing/ making…
 How…is produced/ made.
 Show how to produce/ make…

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Overview:
- Overall, At the first glance, As can be seen, According to, At the
onset, It is clear that,…
 There are .... main stages (steps) in the process/in the process of
producing..., beginning with… and ending with...
 The … involves …main steps/stages beginning with…and finishing
with…
 This flow chart provides an overview of…

Specific details:
- Dạng Circular: một quy trình khép kín thì sẽ không có điểm bắt đầu
cụ thể nào. Hãy dựa vào cách đánh số trong biểu đồ để xác định trình
tự phân chia các đoạn.
- Dạng Linear: Nếu không có đánh số, có thể dựa vào ý nghĩa của quy

Tony Doan
trình trong bài để xác định các bước và chia đoạn cho phù hợp.
 Firstly/Secondly/Finally….
 Once/When….
 Next/ Then….
 Before/ After….
 Subsequently
 Followed by ….
 Finally….

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