Scribd
Upload
12 views5 pages

AL Mustaqbal University Chemical Engineering Department: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory

ا

Uploaded by

tck64zfqwd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views5 pages

AL Mustaqbal University Chemical Engineering Department: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory

ا

Uploaded by

tck64zfqwd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Ministry of Higher Education

And Scientific Research

AL Mustaqbal University
Chemical Engineering Department
Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
Direct Titration

Supervised
Prepared by
Eng. Dania Tariq ‫والء رسول‬
‫عبدالله‬
Eng. Ali ‫ابراهيم نجم حميد‬
Raed
‫حسنين اياد سلمان‬
‫علي مصعب موسى‬
2024 – 2025
Introduction
Titration is an analytical chemistry technique used to accurately
determine the concentration of chemical solutions. Titration
involves adding a solution of known concentration (standard
solution) to another solution of unknown concentration until an
endpoint is reached, indicating that complete reaction has occurred
between the two solutions. This method is used in many
applications, such as determining the concentration of acids, bases,
or other chemicals.

Benefits of Titration
The main benefit of titration is to accurately measure the
concentration of a particular substance in a solution. It can be used
to determine the concentration of acidic or basic solutions in
chemical and industrial laboratories.

Titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium carbonate:

Equipment used:
1. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution with known concentration.
2. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution with unknown
concentration.
3. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution as a standard.
4. Test tube or graduated flask.
5. pH meter or PH paper.
6. Distilled water.
7. Scale for dilution.

Below are pictures of some tools used in the process of correction:


Activity steps:

1. Prepare a solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) dissolved in


distilled water.
2. Take a known amount of sodium carbonate solution in a graduated
flask.
3. Add a few drops of indicator (such as phenolphthalein) to the
solution, to determine the end point.
4. Titrate the solution using a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a
known concentration.
5. While adding acid, the color change of the indicator is monitored
until it reaches the end point.
6. After reaching the end point, the unknown concentration is
calculated based on the volume of acid used.

When hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate are mixed, the acid reacts
with the base according to the following chemical reaction:

In this reaction, the acid is added to the base until the carbonate is
completely reacted, where the change in color indicates the completion of
the reaction, and thus we have reached the end point. By measuring the
amount of acid that was used, the concentration of the base can be
calculated.

Solve discussion questions

Why should HCl be titrated before determining the molarity )1


(concentration) of NaOH? It is Important to titrate HCl before
determining the concentration of NaOH because HCl is an acidic
solution and its concentration must be known accurately in order
to calculate the concentration of NaOH (the basic solution). Since
NaOH is usually less stable in storage compared to hydrochloric
acid, it must first be titrated with a standard HCl whose
concentration has been accurately determined to ensure accurate
.results

Definition of Indicators: Indicators are chemical” used to )2


indicate the end point of acid-base reactions (titrification). The
color of the indicator changes within a certain pH range, helping
to identify the moment when the concentration of the acid or
base changes

What are the colors of the solutions when using Methyl )3


?Orange (M.O.) and Phenolphthalein (ph.ph. indicators)

Methyl Orange (M.O.): Changes color from red In acidic solutions


.(low pH) to orange and then yellow in basic solutions (high pH)

Phenolphthalein (ph.ph.): changes color from colorless In acidic


.solutions to pink or bright red in base solutions

What type of solutions are they: HCl, NaOH, and Na2CO3 and )4
?why
HCl: Acidic solution, because it contains hydrogen Ions (H⁺) which
.give it acidity

NaOH: Basic solution, because it contains hydroxide ions (OH⁻)


.which make it basic

Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate): Basic solution, because sodium


carbonate in water reacts to form hydroxide ions (OH⁻) which give it
.basicity

Sources
American Chemical Society (ACS)

)https://www.acs.org( ]https://www.acs.org[

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) -

)https://www.rsc.org( ]https://www.rsc.org[

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy