DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

R19ME313 - CAD / CAM LABORATORY

(Regulation 2019 - Revised)

RECORD NOTE BOOK

Prepared by Lab-In Charge HOD/Mechanical

(Mr.S.Gowtham) (Mr.K.Sathish) (Dr.R.Suresh Kumar)

Date of Release: Year/Sem: III/V

Mechanical Engineering
 VISION AND MISSION OF THE INSTITUTION
VISION
To be recognized as a premier institution, grooming students into globally acknowledged
engineering professionals.

MISSION
Our Mission at Sri Eshwar College of Engineering is:
 Providing outcome and value-based engineering education
 Nurturing research and entrepreneurial culture
 Enabling students to be industry-ready and fulfil their career aspirations
 Grooming students through behavioural and leadership training programs
 Making students socially responsible

VISION & MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

VISION

To groom students into problem solvers and globally competent Mechanical Engineering
professionals.

MISSION

We will achieve our vision by:

 Developing core Mechanical Engineering competency, soft skills, ethical values
and social responsibility among students

 Facilitating faculty to provide best-in-class teaching

 Nurturing research mindset and support students on entrepreneurial ventures

 Helping students acquire knowledge beyond curriculum through Centre of

Excellence and self -learning

 Effectively collaborating with industry to ensure industry readiness of students

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)

Graduates of Mechanical Engineering will be able to

PEO1: Possess enhanced core technical skills and competencies to progress in their career
PEO2: Have capabilities to evolve as entrepreneur / use contemporary tools and techniques for
research / develop innovative products
PEO3: Possess adequate knowledge in the areas of Design, Thermal, CAD/CAM, Manufacturing
and allied fields to execute multidisciplinary projects and solve societal problems
2
PEO4: Exhibit professional ethics, leadership quality, team spirit and ever learning attitude for a
successful career

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (PO)

PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering

problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
3
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member
PO12 Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO)

PSO 1: An ability to apply the concepts of innovations to the Existing Mechanical Engineering
systems/ processes to solve the real life problems.
PSO 2: An ability to plan, design, develop, manufacture and manage mechanical components/
systems using relevant CAE tools.

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R19ME313 L T P C
CAD/CAM Laboratory
0 0 2 1
1. Course Description
This laboratory deals with the detailed engineering of 3D models and/or 2D drawings of components
using CAD software. Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to assist in the
creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to increase the
productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through
documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is
the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of
workpieces.
2. Course Objectives:
1. To gain practical experience in handling 2D drafting and 3D modelling software systems.
2. To study the features of CNC Machine Tool.
3. To expose students to modern control systems (Fanuc, Siemens etc.)
4. To know the application of various CNC machines like CNC lathe, CNC Vertical Machining
centre, CNC EDM and CNC wire-cut and studying of Rapid prototyping.
3.List of Experiments
1. 3D GEOMETRIC MODELLING
List of Experiments
1. Introduction of 3D Modelling software
Creation of 3D assembly model of following machine elements using 3D Modelling software
2. Oldham's Coupling
3. Plummer Block
4. Screw Jack
5. Lathe Tailstock
6. Universal Joint
7. Machine Vice
8. Stuffing box
9. Crosshead
10. Safety Valves
11. Non-return valves
12. Connecting rod
13. Piston
14. Crankshaft
2. MANUAL PART PROGRAMMING
(i) Part Programming - CNC Machining Centre a) Linear Cutting. b) Circular cutting. c) Cutter
Radius Compensation. d) Pocket milling.
(ii) Part Programming - CNC Turning Centre a) Straight, Taper and Radius Turning. b) Thread
Cutting. c) Rough and Finish Turning Cycle. d) Drilling and Tapping Cycle
3. COMPUTER AIDED PART PROGRAMMING
e) CL Data and Post process generation using CAM packages. f) Application of CAPP in
Machining and Turning Centre.
Text Books:
1. Gopalakrishna K.R., Machine Drawing, 22nd Edition, Subhas Stores Books Corner, Bangalore,
2015.

5
References:
Reference Books:
1. Junnarkar, N.D., Machine Drawing, 1st Edition, Pearson Education, 2006.
2. P.S.G. Design Data Book, 2019.
3. Luzadder, Warren.J., and Duff, Jon. M., Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing, Prentice Hall India
Pvt. Ltd., Eastern Economy Edition, Eleventh Edition, 2020.
4. Chang, T. C., Wysk, R.A., Wang, H. P, Computer aided Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, Third Ed,
2008.
4. Course Outcomes
CO. No. Course Outcome BTL POs PSOs
Understand and interpret machine manufacturing 1, 2, 4, 5,
R19ME313.1 K3 1, 2
drawings 9
Develop 2D and 3D models using high end modelling 1, 2, 4, 5,
R19ME313.2 K4 1, 2
software’s 9
Apply engineering drawing standards as per BIS 1, 2, 4, 5,
R19ME313.3 K5 1, 2
conventions 9
Understand the CNC control in modern 1, 2, 4, 5,
R19ME313.4 K4 1,2
manufacturing system 9
Prepare CNC part programming and perform 1, 2, 4, 5,
R19ME313.5 K6 1, 2
manufacturing 9
5. Course Articulation matrix
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
CO
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02
R19ME313.1 3 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 - - - 3 2
R19ME313.2 3 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 - - - 3 2
R19ME313.3 3 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 - - - 3 2
R19ME313.4 3 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 - - - 3 2
R19ME313.5 3 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 - - - 3 2
Course to PO 3 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 - - - 3 2
“3”—High, “2”—Medium, “1”—Low, “-“—No Correlation

6
 List of Exercises
Ex. No Name of the Exercise Page No
A. Study of Solid Modeling 7
1
B. Study of Computer Aided Design 9
2 Assembly of Flange Coupling 13
3 Assembly of Plummer Block 15
4 Assembly of Screw jack 17
5 Assembly of Lathe Tailstock 19
6 Assembly of Universal Joint 21
7 Assembly of Machine Vice 23
8 Assembly of Stuffing box 25
9 Assembly of Crosshead 27
10 Assembly of Safety Valves 29
11 Assembly of Non – return valves 31
12 Assembly of Connecting rod 33
13 Assembly of Piston 35
Study of computer aided manufacturing 41
14
Study of CNC turning & milling machine 44
15 Plain Facing and Turning 48
16 a) Step Turning 52
b) Straight, Taper and Radius of Turning operation 54
17 Canned Cycle Operations 56
18 Threading and grooving and chamfering 59

19 Drilling and Tapping of Turning Cycle 62

20 Milling of Linear & Circular Interpolation 64

21 Drilling and peck drilling 65
22 Component modeling, Simulation and generation of NC code for end 67
milling operation using Edge Cam

23 Component modeling, Simulation and generation of NC code for 69

Turning operation using Edge Cam

Content Beyond Syllabus

3d Modeling, Part programming and Simulation of given pump 70
24
component

7
INDEX

EX PAG E STAFF
DATE EXPERIMENTS NAME MARKS
NO NO SIGNATURE

Date of Completion Signature of the Faculty

EX.NO: 1.A STUDY OF SOLID MODELING

DATE:

AIM
To study the concept of Solid modeling and its types used in design process.

INTRODUCTION
Solid modeling is an efficient tool for the Real 3D representation of an object. This
method enables engineering Designers to visualize an object in terms of its basic geometry
primitives jointed together by Boolean operations. A solid modeling is an unambiguous and
informational complete mathematical representation of the shape of a physical object.
A good modeling system of solid objects should satisfy the following requirements.
1. Rigidity
2. Homogeneous three-dimensionality
3. Finiteness
4. Finite description
5. Schemes for representing solid objects.

SCHEMES FOR REPRESENTING SOLID OBJECTS

All solid modeling systems should provide facility for creating modifying and viewing
models of 3-Dimension solid objects. Six types of representation schemes for solid modeling are
described below.

Pure Primitive Instancing

It is an independent approach to solid object representation and has origin from the
concept of group technology under the scheme each member of a family of objects can be
distinguished by pure parameters.
Each object family is called primitive instance primitive instancing scheme are
unambiguous, unique, easy to valuate concise and easy to use.
Spatial Occupancy Enumeration
The representation of the object under this scheme is essentially a list of volume elements
which the solid is made of each axel is a cube of foxed size lying using in a fixed spatial grid and
may be represented by the co-ordinates of a single point such as the centre of the axel. This
representation scheme needs large amount of memory storage for reasonable resolution.

Cell Decomposition
A solid can be modeled in a computer by decomposing its volume into smaller volumes
of cells which are mutually contiguous and do not penetrate. The cell shape is not necessarily
cuboid (or) identical in shape. This method is referred to as octree adaptive grid and the whole
process can be viewed as forming a free structure with the root node representing a single
enclosing cell and the first level branch nodes representing a sub division into the largest cells.
This approach is useful in modeling complex shapes. The number of cells and the computer
storage required is proportional to the surface area of the object.

Constructive solid Geometry

8
 In constructive solid geometry, a solid object is created by a combination of simpler solid
objects called primitives which are often combinations of simple entities called half-spaces. This
is also known as insulated, implicit, direct, procedural (or) algorithmic solid modeling.

Boundary Representation
In the boundary representation scheme, a solid is described by elements which describe
its boundary these elements are topological and geometric. The former are linked together in a
network (or) graph which represents in their interconnections (or) connectivity in terms of
vertices, edges and faces. The geometric elements are point, curves and surfaces.

Conclusion

Thus the concept of the solid modeling and its types are studied.

9
EX.NO: 1.B STUDY OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

DATE:
AIM
To study about the steps involved in CAD and also its application and benefits.

INTRODUCTION
Computer Aided Design (CAD) can be defined as the use of computer system to assist in the
creations, modifications, analysis or amplifications of design. The computer system consist of a
hardware and a software to perform the specialized design function required by the particular
user firm.
The CAD hardware typically includes the computer on or more graphics display terminals,
keyboards and other peripheral equipment. The CAD software consists of the computer program
to facilitate the engineering functions of the user company.
THE CAD SYSTEM

Modern CAD system [also often called CAD\CAM system] are based on interactive
computer graphics denotes a user oriented system in which the computer is employed to created,
transform and display data in the form of pictures or symbols.
The typical ICG system is a combination of the hardware and software. The hardware
includes a central processing unit, one or more work stations and peripheral devices such as
printer, plotters and drafting equipment. The software consist of the computer programs needed
to implement graphics processing of the system.
The software would also typically include additional specialized application programs to
accomplish the particular engineering functions required by the user company.
Interactive computer graphics is a tool used by the designer to solve a design problem. In
effect the ICG system magnifies the power of the designer.

REASON FOR IMPLEMENTING THE CAD SYSTEM

➢
To increase the productivity of the designer
➢
To improve the quality of the design
➢
To improve the communications
➢
To create a database for manufacturing

DESIGN PROCESS – STEPS

➢
Recognition of need
➢
Definition of the problem
➢
Synthesis
➢
Analysis
➢
Evaluation
➢
Presentation
10
 Recognition of need involves the identification of some defect in a current machine design by
an engineer or the perception of a new product marketing opportunity by a sales person.
Definition of problems involves a thorough specification of the item to be designed.
Synthesis and analysis are closely related and highly interactive design process.
The process is repeated with the design has been optimized within the constraints imposed on
the designer.
The evaluation often requires the fabrication and testing of the prototype model to access
operating performance, quality, reliability and other criteria.
The final phase is the presentation of the design, this includes documentation of the design by
means of drawings, materials specification, and assembly lists and so on. Essentially the
documentation requires that a design database be required.
THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTER FOR DESIGN
The various design related takes which are performed by a modern CAD can be grouped
into four functional areas.
➢
Geometric modeling
➢
Engineering analysis
➢
Design review and evaluation
➢
Automated drafting
GEOMETRIC MODELING
In computer aided modeling the geometric modeling is concerned with the computer
compatible mathematical description of geometry of a object.
To use geometric modeling the designer constructs the graphical image of the object on
the CRT screen of the ICG system by inputting three types of commands to the computer.
The first type of command generates basic geometric elements such as points, lines and
circles. The second command type is used to accomplish scaling, rotation or other transformation
of three elements. The third type of the command causes the various elements to be jointed into
the desired shape of the object being created on the ICG system.

Different methods of representing the object in geometric modeling are

1) Wire frame modeling

2) Solid modeling

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
The analysis may involve stress – strain calculation, heat transfer computations, or the use
of the differential equations to describe the dynamic behavior of the system being designed. The
computer can be used to avoid this analysis work.

AUTOMATED DRAFTING
Automated drafting involves the creation of hard copy engineering drawings directly
from the CAD database.
11
 CAD system can increase productivity in the drafting function by roughly 5 times over
manually drafting.

PART CLASSIFICATION AND CODING

Parts classification coding involves the graphing of similar part designs classes, and
relating the similarities by means of coding scheme.

CONCLUSION

Thus the product of Cad and its benefits are been studied.

12
13
EX.NO: 2 ASSEMBLY OF OLDHAM COUPLING

DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Oldham coupling parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Oldham Coupling using Creo.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut are studied
2. 3D models of Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Oldham Coupling was created as per the drawing specification

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple, Pattern
Fastening Features

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance

Result:

The 3D models of Oldham Coupling parts (Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut)
are created using Creo

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EX.NO: 2 ASSEMBLY OF FLANGED COUPLING

DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Flanged coupling parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Flanged Coupling using Creo.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut are studied
2. 3D models of Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Flanged Coupling was created as per the drawing specification

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple, Pattern
Fastening Features

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance

Result:

The 3D models of Flanged Coupling parts (Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut)
are created using Creo

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15
EX.NO: 3 ASSEMBLY OF PLUMMER BLOCK

DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Plummer block parts using Creo

2. To Create the Assembly of Plummer block using Creo

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Body, Cap, Bearing top & Bottom half, Nuts and shaft are studied
2. 3D models of Body, Cap, Bearing top & Bottom half Nuts and shaft are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Plummer block was created as per the drawing specification

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance

Result:

The 3D models of Plummer block parts (Body, Cap, Bearing top & Bottom half, Nuts and shaft)
are created using

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17
EX.NO: 4 ASSEMBLY OF SCREW JACK

DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Screw Jack parts using Creo

2. To Create the Assembly of Screw Jack using Creo

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Body, Nut, Screw Spindle, Cup, Washer Special, CSK Screw, and Tommy
Bar are studied
2. 3D models of Body, Nut, Screw Spindle, Cup, Washer Special, CSK Screw, and Tommy Bar
are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Screw Jack was created as per the drawing specification

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance

Result:

The 3D models of Screw Jack parts (Body, Cap, Bearing top & Bottom half, Nuts and shaft) are
created using Creo

18
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EX.NO: 5 ASSEMBLY OF LATHE TAILSTOCK

DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Lathe Tailstock parts using Creo

2. To Create the Assembly of Lathe Tail stock using Creo

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Body, Barrel, Spindle with washer & nut, Centre, Spindle bearing, Hand
wheel, Clamping leaver, Stud, Feather key and Screw are studied
2. 3D models of Body, Barrel, Spindle with washer & nut, Centre, Spindle bearing, Hand
wheel, Clamping leaver, Stud, Feather key and Screw are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Lathe tailstock was created as per the drawing specification

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance

Result:

The 3D models of Lathe tail stock parts ( Body, Barrel, Spindle with washer & nut, Centre,
Spindle bearing, Hand wheel, Clamping leaver, Stud, Feather key and Screw) are created using
Creo

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EX.NO: 6 ASSEMBLY OF UNIVERSAL JOINT

DATE:
Aim:

1. To create 3D models of UNIVERSAL JOINT parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Universal Joint using Creo.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Fork, Shaft, Centre, Parallel key, Pin, Collar and Taper pin are studied.
2. 3D models of Fork, Shaft, Centre, Parallel key, Pin, Collar and Taper pin are created using
Creo.
3. The Assembly of Universal Joint was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Universal Joint parts (Fork, Shaft, Centre, Parallel key, Pin, Collar and Taper
pin) are created using Creo. The type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly are studied.

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23
EX.NO: 7 ASSEMBLY OF MACHINE VICE

DATE:
Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Assembly of Machine vice parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of assembly of Machine vice using Creo.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Base, Movable jaw, Sliding jaw, Guide screw, Serrated plate, CSK
screw, Washer and Nut are studied.
2. 3D models of Base, Movable jaw, Sliding jaw, Guide screw, Serrated plate, CSK screw,
Washer and Nut are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Universal Joint was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Machine vice parts (Base, Movable jaw, Sliding jaw, Guide screw, Serrated
plate, CSK screw, Washer and Nut ) are created using Creo.

24
25
EX.NO: 8 ASSEMBLY OF STUFFING BOX

DATE:
Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Stuffing box parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Stuffing Box using Creo.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Connecting Rod, Bush, Stud, Pin, Bearing Brasses, Distance Piece, Cover,
Washer, Nut, and Split pin are studied.
2. 3D models of Connecting Rod, Bush, Stud, Pin, Bearing Brasses, Distance Piece, Cover,
Washer, Nut, and Split pin are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Stuffing Box was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Stuffing Box parts (Connecting Rod, Bush, Stud, Pin, Bearing Brasses,
Distance Piece, Cover, Washer, Nut, and Split pin) are created using Creo. The type of fits and
tolerances used in Assembly are studied.

26
27
EX.NO: 9 ASSEMBLY OF CROSS HEAD

DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Cross head parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Cross head using Creo.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Body, Rod end, Cover plate, Brasses, Bolt, Nut, Lock nut are studied.
2. 3D models of Body, Rod end, Cover plate, Brasses, Bolt, Nut, Lock nut are created using
Creo.
3. The Assembly of Cross head was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Cross head parts (Body, Rod end, Cover plate, Brasses, Bolt, Nut, Lock nut)
are created using Creo. The type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly are studied.

28
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EX.NO: 10 ASSEMBLY OF SAFETY VALVES
DATE:
Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Rams bottom safety valve parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Rams bottom Safety Valve using Creo.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Body, Valve Seat, Shackle, Washer, Lock Nut M20, Nut M20, LINK, Pin,
Split Pin, Valve, Lever, Pivot, and spring are studied.
2. 3D models of Body, Valve Seat, Shackle, Washer, Lock Nut M20, Nut M20, LINK, Pin,
Split Pin, Valve, Lever, Pivot, and spring are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Rams bottom Safety Valve was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Rams bottom Safety Valve parts (Body, Valve Seat, Shackle, Washer, Lock
Nut M20, Nut M20, LINK, Pin, Split Pin, Valve, Lever, Pivot, and Spring) are created using
Creo. The type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly are studied.

30
31
EX.NO: 11 ASSEMBLY OF NON-RETURN VALVES

DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Non-Return Valve parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Non Return Valve using Creo.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Body, Valve Seat, Cover, Stud, Hex. Nut M16 and Set screw are studied.
2. 3D models of Body, Valve Seat, Cover, Stud, Hex. Nut M16 and Set screw are created using
Creo.
3. The Assembly of Non Return Valve was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Non Return Valve parts (Body, Valve Seat, Cover, Stud, Hex. Nut M16 and
Set screw) are created using Creo. The type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly are studied.

32
33
EX.NO: 12 ASSEMBLY OF CONNECTING ROD
DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Connecting Rod parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Connecting Rod using Creo.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Connecting Rod, Bush, Stud, Pin, Bearing Brasses, Distance Piece, Cover,
Washer, Nut, and Split pin are studied.
2. 3D models of all the parts are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Connecting Rod was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Connecting Rod parts (Connecting Rod, Bush, Stud, Pin, Bearing Brasses,
Distance Piece, Cover, Washer, Nut, and Split pin) are created using Creo. The type of fits and
tolerances used in Assembly are studied.

34
35
EX.NO: 13 ASSEMBLY OF PISTON
DATE:

Aim:

1. To create 3D models of Piston parts using Creo.

2. To Create the Assembly of Piston using Creo.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.

Procedure:

1. The drawings of Piston, Piston pin, Piston ring are studied.

2. 3D models of Piston, Piston pin, Piston ring are created using Creo.
3. The Assembly of Piston was created as per the drawing specification.

Commands used:

Sketcher Commands: Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and
View.

Features Commands: Extrude and Cut, Revolve, Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.

Assembly Commands: Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.

Mating Commands: Coincident, Concentric, Distance.

Result:

The 3D models of Piston parts (Piston, Piston pin, Piston ring) are created using Creo. The type
of fits and tolerances used in Assembly are studied.

36
CAD VIVA QUESTION:

1. What are the applications of CAD?

1. Design of machine elements, CNC machine tools, robotics etc
2. Panel design and circuit layout
3. Mapping ,building plans, contour plotting and structural drawing
4. Interior design and modeling

2. Define absolute co-ordinates?

Values locating a point in space that describe its displacement from origin (0,0,0) point of the
drawing.

3. Define polar co ordinates.

Values are locating a point in space that describes its location relative to the last point picked as
defined by an angle and distance.

4. Define angular dimension?

A dimension that measures the angle between two lines or the angle inscribed by an arc
Segment

5. Define aligned dimension?

A linear dimension measuring the distance between two points. The dimension line for an
aligned dimension is parallel to a line between points.

6. Define MIRROR?
A command that makes a copy of selected objects and flips the copy around a specified line to
produce a reciprocal image of those objects.

7. What are the advantages of CAD?

Greater productivity of the designer, improvement of design quality
Easier design, calculation and analysis, quicker rate producing drawings, more accuracy of
drawings, colour graphics is possible

8. What is the default position of the UCS icon?

0,0,0

9. How can you create a cylinder by drawing a rectangular shape?

By revolving the rectangular shape

10. Which information does the MASSPROP shortcut provide?

Mass, Volume and Bounding box

11. Where did the dimension text is generally placed?

Above the dimension line

12. Which dimension tool will place the length of an angled line?
Aligned

13. Which tolerance identify the maximum and minimum sizes of a feature?
Limits

37
14. A typical set of mechanical working drawings includes
Exploded assembly, part details and parts list

15. The text used on a typical detail sheet should be ________.

placed horizontally

16. Which primary unit of measurement is used for engineering drawings and design in the
mechanical industries?
Millimeter

17. What are the two main types of projection?

Perspective and Parallel

18. What is flange coupling?

This is a standard form of coupling. It consists of two cast iron flanges keyed to the end of shafts. The
flanges are tightened together by means of a number of bolts

19. What is use of protected type flange coupling?

In this coupling, each flange is provided with a projection. This projection covers the bolt
heads and nuts so that they do not catch the fingers or the clothes of workmen.

20. List out some of the modeling software currently available?

Solid works, CATIA, Pro-E, IDEAS

21. What is universal coupling?

A universal joint, universal coupling, U-joint, Cardan joint, Hardy-Spicer joint, or Hooke's
joint is a joint or coupling in a rigid rod that allows the rod to 'bend' in any direction, and is
commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion.

22. What are the parts of universal coupling?

It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at 90° to each other, connected by a
cross shaft.

23. What is coupling?

A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of
transmitting power. Couplings do not normally allow disconnection of shafts during operation,
however there are torque limiting couplings which can slip or disconnect when some torque limit
is exceeded.

24. What are the types of couplings?

1. Rigid Couplings
2. Flexible or Compensating Couplings

25. What is knuckle joint?

A knuckle joint is used to connect the two rods which are under the tensile load, when there is
requirement of small amount of flexibility or angular moment is necessary. There is always axial
or linear line of action of load

26. What are the applications of knuckle joint?

38
Knuckle joint has it applications in the rods for roof, chain link, steam engine valve rod, eccentric
rods etc.

27. What is a screw jack?

Screw jack is a mechanical device that can increase the magnitude of an effort force.

28. What is the application of Screw jack?

Screw jack it is commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large
vehicles.

29. What are the constraints available for assembly?

Mate constraint, angle constraint, tangent constraint and insert constraint

30. What is the use of shell command?

Removes material from the selected face and creates a hollow block from a solid block

31. What is the use of RIB command?

Ribsaredefinedasthethinwalledstructuresthatareusedtoincreasethestrengthof the entire structure of
the component, so that it does not fail under an increased load.

32. What is the extension SOLIDWORKS file?

SLDPRT

33.What are the difference between CAD and CAM?

Computer aided drafting (CAD) is the process of creating a design, known as drafting, using
computer technology. Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers and
computer software to guide machines to manufacture something, usually a part that is mass-
produced.

34. How to use Revolve command in SOLIDWORKS?

Using this tool, the sketch is revolved about the revolution axis.

35. What are the important modeling operations?

Extrude, revolve, sweep.

CAD Self Evaluation Questions:

1. The degree of closeness of the measured value of a certain quantity with its true value is known
as
a. Accuracy
b. Precision
c. Standard
d. Sensitivity
2. Error of measurement =
a. True value – Measured value
b. Precision – True value
c. Measured value – Precision
d. None of the above
3. A positive allowance will always result in a _____ fit.
39
 a. Clearance
b. Interference
c. both ‘a’ and ‘b’
d. Any of the above
4. A negative allowance will always result in a _____ fit.
a. Clearance
b. Interference
c. both ‘a’ and ‘b’
d. Any of the above
5. The following is used to check the diameters of holes
a. Plug gauge
b. Ring gauge
c. Slip gauge
d. Standard screw pitch gauge
6. To check external diameter of hole, we use
a. Plug gauge
b. Ring gauge
c. Slip gauge
d. Standard screw pitch gauge
7. When lines intersect on a drawing at angles of this many degrees, it is customary not to
dimension the angle:
a. 360
b. 180
c. 90
d. 45
8. This is the measured size of a finished part.
a. Actual size
b. Dimensioned size
c. Production size
d. Basic size
9. This means that a feature of a finished product contains the maximum amount of material
permitted by the tolerance dimensions for that feature.
a. Maximum material condition
b. Machined material condition
c. Maximum machined indication
d. Machine mark indication
10. This is the theoretically exact size from which limits of size are determined
a. Actual size
b. Dimensioned size
c. Production size
d. Basic size
11. Acceptable parts must not extend beyond this
40
 a. Boundary limits
b. Hole limits
c. Specification
d. Tolerances
12. This practice considers an individual part's dimensions and tolerances and that part's relation
to its related parts
a. Applying allowances
b. Geometric dimensioning and tolerance
c. Creating datum references
d. Angular dimensioning tolerances
13. Which symbol is used to indicate a dimension refers to the diameter of a hole?
a. R
b. °
c. Ø
d.
e.
14. Which symbol is used with angular dimensions?
a. R
f. °
g. Ø
h.
15. Which of the following is not a pictorial drawing?
a. Isometric
b. Multiview

41
EX.NO: 14. A STUDY OF COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

DATE:

AIM
To study about Computer Aided Manufacturing and Part Programming in CNC
machines.

CAM:
It is defined as the use of computer systems to plan, manage and control the operations of
a manufacturing plant through either direct or indirect computer interface with the plant’s
production resources.

APPLICATIONS OF CAM
1. These are the direct applications in which the computer is connected directly to the
manufacturing process for the purpose of monitoring or controlling the process.
2. These are the indirect applications in which the computer is used in support of the
production operations in the plant, but there is no direct interface between the computer and the
manufacturing process.

BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN NC MACHINE

An operational numerical control system consists of the following three basic components.

i) Program of instructions
ii) Controller unit
iii) Machine tool

The programs of instructions serve as the input to the controller unit which in turn commands
the controller units which commands the machine tool or other process to be controlled.

COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

It is an NC system that utilizes a stored program computer to perform some or all basic
numerical control functions.

PRINCIPLE FUNCTIONS OF CNC

1. Machine tool control:
This involves conversion of the part program instructions into machine tool motions
through the computer interface and servo system.
2. In-process Compensation:
This involves the dynamic correction of the machine tool motions for changes or errors
which occur during processing.
3. Improved Programming and Operating features
The flexibility of soft-wired control has permitted convenient programming and operating
feature like editing of part programs, graphic display of tool path, various interpolations, manual
data input, and storage capacity.
4. Diagnostics
42
 NC machine tools are complex and expensive systems. The complexity increases the risk
of component failures which load to system downtime. CNC’s are often equipped with a
diagnostic capability to consist in maintaining and repairing system.

ADVANTAGES OF CNC MACHINES

1. The programs are entered into computer memory using some input devices, the editing
and modifying can be done in the computer itself.
2. Easy unit conversion from inches to SI units.
3. Greater flexibility in manufacturing.
4. Reduced non-productive time.
5. Immediate visual verification.
6. Improved quality control
7. They are easy to operate
8. Rapid fault elimination and program optimization.

CNC Part Programming

The part programmer’s responsibility in computer assisted part programming consists of two
basic steps.

1. Defining the work piece geometry

2. Specifying the operation sequence and tool path.

The computer’s job:

1. Input Translation
2. Arithmetic Calculations
3. Cutter offset computation
4. Post processor
The part programmer enters the program written in the APT or other languages. The input translation
component converts the coded instructions contained in the program into computer usable form,
preparatory to further processing.
The arithmetic calculations unit of the system consists of a comprehensive set of subroutines
for solving the mathematics required to generate the part surface. These subroutines are called by
the various part programming language statements. The arithmetic unit is really the fundamental
element in the part programming package. This unit frees the programmer from the time
consuming geometry and trigonometry calculations, to concentrate on the work part processing.
The preprocessor is a separate computer program that has been written.
The input to the postprocessor is a series of cutter locations and other instructions.

PROGRAM CODES
Part programs are initially entered into a CNC system and are stored in computer
memory. The programs are fed into the system in the form of codes. It is then converted into
mechanical motion. The two types of codes generally used are
i. Preparatory codes (G – codes)
ii. Miscellaneous codes (M – codes)
43
1. Preparatory Codes: (G – Codes)
The codes are used for feed movement and operations. They are generally used to specify
dimensions, feed of tool, tool path etc.

2. Miscellaneous Codes: (M – Codes)

They are mainly sued to perform operations such as spindle ON/OFF, Coolant ON/OFF,
Chuck Close/Open, program stop etc.

PROVING PART PROGRAMS

It is a safe practice to check the programmed path for any interference between the tool
and the work before using the part program for production. This process is known as proving
part program is done in several ways
1. Visual Inspections:
It represents the method of checking visually the program present in the memory of the
CNC machine. In this, actual program is run and the programmed movements in all axes are to
be checked along with ensuring the tool offset and cutter compensation feature.
2. Single Step Execution.
3. Single Step Execution before auto-running the part program should be executed in a
single step mode. During this execution, spindle speed and feed rate override facilities are
to be used so that the axes movement can be easily monitored.

3. Dry run
A dry run consists of running the part program in auto mode. The purpose of this run is to
verify the programmed path of the tool under continuous operation and to check whether
adequate clearance exists between the clamping arrangement and other projections within the set
up.

4. Graphical Simulation
A graphical simulation package emulates the machine tool and using computer graphics,
plots out the machine movement on a VDU screen. Any deviations from the intended tool path
can be observed and any potential interference can be highlighted.

CONCLUSION
Thus Computer Aided Manufacturing and Part programs in CNC machines were studied.

44
EX.NO: 14.B STUDY OF CNC TURNING & MILLING MACHINE

DATE:

AIM
To study about the CNC turning and milling machine.

CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM FOR A CNC LATHE

Machining of a work piece by an NC program requires a coordinate system to be applied to
the machine tool. In programming the work piece is stationary and the tools move in the co-
ordinate system. There are three planes in which movement can take place.
i. Longitudinal
ii. Vertical
iii. Transverse
These three axes are identified by uppercase X,Y and Z and the direction movement along
each axis is specified as either plus or minus. When the tool traverses in the positive direction, it
moves away from the work piece. The z-axis is always parallel to the main spindle of the
machine. The x-axis is always parallel to the work holding surface and always at right angles to
the z-axis. The y-axis is at right angles to both z-axis and x-axis.
In turning machine the work piece is positioned within the coordinate system so that the Z-
axis coincided with the turning center line (axis of rotation) and the x and y coordinates always
have the same values. Therefore the y coordinate is not used in turning.

ZERO POINTS AND REFERENCE POINTS

On CNC machines tool traverses are controlled by coordinating systems. Their accurate
position within the machine tool is established by Zero points.

MACHINE ZERO POINT (M)

It is specified by the manufacturer of the machine. This is the zero point for the
coordinate systems and reference points in the machine. On turning lathes, the machine zero
point is generally at the center of the spindle nose face. In milling machine, machine zero point
can be the centre of the table or a point along the edge of the traverse range. It varies
manufacturer to manufacturer.

REFERENCE POINT (R)

This point serves for calibrating and for controlling the measuring system of the slides
and tool traverses.
It is determined by the trip dogs and limit switches. Therefore the reference point
coordinates always have the same, precisely known numerical value in relation the machine zero
point. After initiating the control system, the reference point must always be approached from all
axes to calibrate the traverse measuring system.

WORKPIECE ZERO POINT

This point determines the work piece coordinate system in relation to the machine zero
point. The work piece zero point is chosen by the programmer and input into the CNC system
45
when setting up the machine. For turned parts, the work piece zero point should be placed along
the spindle axis. The work piece zero point is also called the Program Zero Point. For milled
parts, it is generally advisable to use an extreme corner point as the Work Piece Zero Point in
such a manner that the dimensions in the work piece drawing can be conveniently converted into
coordinate values.

TOOL REFERENCE POINT

When machining a work piece, it is essential to control the tool cutting edges in precise
relationship to the work piece along the machining path. The tool dimensions are related to a
fixed tool setting point during pre-setting.
This tool setting point is located at a certain point on the tool holder as shown in fig. This
setting point permits measuring of tool length, tool radius are input into the tool data storage of
the control system. The mate of the tool setting point is the Socket point N on the tool carrier.
When the tool or tool holder is inserted into the tool carrier, the setting point and the tool socket
point coincide.

DIMENSIONING SYSTEMS
Dimensioning information in a work piece can be defined in two ways.

1. ABSOLUTE DIMENSINING SYSTEM

Data in absolute dimension system always refer to a fixed reference point in the drawing.
This point has the function of a coordinate zero point. They are also called as reference
dimensions.
Advantages
i. If the machine is stopped by interruptions before completing the work, the cutting tool
automatically returns to previous position and the machining proceeds from the same
block where it was interrupted.
ii. Whenever required the dimensional data can be changed easily.
iii. Absolute system is easier to check for errors.
2. INCREMENTAL DIMENSIONING SYSTEM

In Incremental dimensioning system, every measurement refers to a previously

dimensioned position. It is the distance between adjacent points. They are also called as Relative
dimensions or Chain dimensions.

Advantages

1. Mirror-image programming is facilitated with incremental systems.

2. It is advantageous for certain individual partial contours in a work piece are repeated
several times and the associated program sections can be employed several times without a
coordinate shift.

46
CONCLUSION

Thus the CNC turning and milling machines were studied.

47
CNC TURNING

G – CODES

G00 (POSITIONING) RAPID TRAVERSE

G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION
G02 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION (CLOCKWISE)
CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION
G03 (ANTICLOCKWISE)
G20 INPUT IN INCH
G21 INPUT IN MM
G28 RETURN TO REFERENCE POINT
G70 FINISHING CYCLE
G71 STOCK REMOVAL IN TURNING
G76 MULTIPLE THREAD
G90 FACING CYCLE
G98 FEED PER MINUTE
G99 FEED PER REVOLUTION

M – CODES
M03 SPINDLE ON (CLOCK WISE)
M04 SPINDLE ON (ANTICLOCK WISE)
M05 SPINDLE STOP
M06 TOOL CHANGE
M08 COLLANT ON
M09 COOLANT OFF
M10 VICE OPEN
M11 VICE CLOSE
M30 PROGRAM STOP
M38 DOOR OPEN
M39 DOOR CLOSE
M98 SUBPROGRAM CALL
M99 SUBPROGRAM END

CNC MILLING

G – CODES M - CODES
G90 ABSOLUTE COMMAND M70 X MIRRON ON
G91 INCREMENT COMMAND M71 Y MIRRON ON
G94 FEED PER MINUTE M80 X MIRROR OFF
G95 FEED PER ROTATION M81 Y MIRROR OFF
G170 & G171 CIRCULAR POCKETING
G172 & G173 RECTANGULAR POCKETING

48
EX.NO:15 FACING

DATE:
AIM

To write a program to facing operation on the given work piece.

ALGORITHM
1. Check the work piece for given dimensions.
2. Input in mm and feed rates are given.
3. Move the tool to feed rates are given.
4. Move the tool to home position.
5. Change the tool for the type of operation.
6. Spindle speed is given.
7. Close the door.
8. To make the facing operation on the given work piece from X22 Z – 70 X2 Z – 65
Return to the home position.
9. End the program.

PROGRAM

[BILLET X22 Z70

G28 U0W0 M39
M06 T01 01
M03 S1000
G00 X22 Z1
G94 X-1 Z-1
X-1 Z-2
X-1 Z-3
X-1 Z-4
X-1 Z-5
G28 U0W0
M38
M05
M30

RESULT

Thus the program was written and the facing operation was performed in the CNC
machine.

49
TURNING

Work piece size : ф 22 X 70

All Dimension Are in mm

50
EX.NO: 15 TURNING

DATE:

AIM

To perform a turning operation on the work piece by using CNC machine .

ALGORITHM

1. Check the work piece for the given dimensions.

2. Input in mm and feed rate are given.
3. Move the tool to the home position.
4. Change the tool for required operation.
5. Spindle speed is given.
6. Close the door.
7. Move the tool and give the starting and end program number.
8. Return to the home position.
9. End the program.

PROGRAM

[BILLET X20
Z70 G21 G98
M39 G28 U0W0
M06 T01 01
M08 M39 G00 X19 Z1
M03 S1000 G90 X19 Z-50 F40
X18 Z-50 X11 Z-50
X17 Z-50 X10 Z-50
X16 Z-50 G28 U0 W0
X14 Z-50 M05 M09
X13 Z-50 M30
X12 Z-50

RESULT

Thus the program was written and the turning operation was performed in the CNC
Machine.

51
STEP TURNING

WORK PIECE SIZE: ф 22 X 70

All Dimension Are in mm

52
EX.NO: 16 A STEP TURNING
DATE:

AIM

To perform a step turning operation on the work piece by using CNC machine.

ALGORITHM

1. Check the work piece for given dimensions.

2. Input in mm and feed rate are given.
3. Move the tool to the home position
4. Change the tool to the required operation
5. Spindle speed is given
6. Close the door
7. Move the tool and give the starting and end program number
8. Return to the home position
9. End the program

PROGRAM

[BILLET X20 Z70

G21 G98 M39
G28 U0 W0 X12 Z-35
M06 T01 01 X11 Z-20
M03 S1200 X10 Z-20
G00 X21 Z-50 F40 X9 Z-20
G90 X20 Z-50 X8 Z-20
X19 Z-50 G28 U0 W0
X18 Z-50 M05
X17 Z-50 M30
X16 Z-35
X14 Z-35
X13 Z-35

RESULT

Thus the program was written and the step turning operation was performed in the CNC
machine and simulated the program.

53
STRAIGHT, TAPER AND RADIUS OF TURNING

WORK PIECE SIZE: ф22 X 70

All Dimension Are in mm

54
EX.NO: 16 B STRAIGHT, TAPER AND RADIUS OF TURNING
DATE:
AIM

To write a part program for the given work to perform a profile turning operation on
the work piece by using CNC machine.

ALGORITHM
1. Check the work piece for given dimensions.
2. Input in mm and feed rate are given.
3. Move the tool to the home position
4. Change the tool to the required operation
5. Spindle speed is given
6. Note the key points of the given work piece
7. Enter the key points to profile turning operation by entering the radius of the profile
8. Give the starting and end program number
9. Repeat the same operation for getting finished surface
10. Move the tool to home position
11. Stop the program

PROGRAM
[BILLET X22 Z75
G21 G98 G01 X10 W-10
M39 G02 X18 W-10 R10
M06 T01 01 G01 X18 W-5
M03 S1000 N11 G01 X22 W-5.112
M08 G28 U0 W0
G00 X22 Z1 M06 T02 02
G71 U0.5 R10 M03 S1000
G71 P10Q11 U0.5 W0 F40 G00 X22 Z1
N10 G01 X0 Z0 G70 P10 Q11
G01 X5 W-10 G28 U0 W0
G01 X5 W-5.113 M05
G03 X10 W-10 R10 M30

RESULT
Thus, the part program of the given work piece was written and simulated the
program and perform this operation using CNC machine.

55
CANNED CYCLE

WORK PIECE SIZE:ф22 X 110

All Dimensions are in mm

56
EX.NO: 17 CANNED CYCLE

DATE:
AIM

To write a part program for the given work to perform canned cycle operation
and simulate the program.

ALGORITHM
1. Check the work piece for given dimensions.
2. Input in mm and feed rate are given.
3. Give feed rate and dimensions in terms of mm/minute
4. Give the spindle speed in terms of rpm
5. Move the tool to the home position by rapid transverse motion
6. Turn the work piece to the given dimensions using turning cycle
7. Call the sup program for the require times
8. Move the tool to the reference point
9. Stop the spindle.
10. Stop the program.

PROGRAM

[BILLET X22
Z75 G21 G98
M39 G28
U0W0
M06 T01
M03 S1000 G90 X22 Z-80
G00 X22 Z1 X22 Z-80
G90 X22 Z-10 F35 X21 Z-80
X21 Z-10 X20 Z-80
X19 Z-10 X19 Z-80
X18 Z-10 X18 Z-80
X17 Z-10 X17 Z-80
X16 Z-10 X16 Z-80
X15 Z-10 X15 Z-80
X14 Z-5 G28 U0 W0
X13 Z-5 M06 T03
X12 Z-5 G01 X23 Z-78
X11 Z-5 G90 X15 Z-78
X10 Z-5 X14 Z-80
G28 U0 W0 X13 Z-80
M06 T02 X12 Z-80
G00 X23 Z0 X11 Z-80
M98 P1000 X10 Z-80
M98 P1000 G28 U0 W0
M98 P1000 M38
G00 X23 Z-70 M05 M30

57
SUB PROGRAM

X22 W-10 R-3.5

O1000 G01 X22 W-10
G01 X22 W-10 G90 X22 W-10 R0
G90 X22 W-10 R-0 X21 W-10 R0.5
X22 W-10 R-0 X20 W-10 R1.0
X22 W-10 R-0.5 X19 W-10 R1.5
X22 W-10 R-1.0 X18 W-10 R2.0
X22 W-10 R-1.5 X17 W-10 R2.5
X22 W-10 R-2 X16 W-10 R3.0
X22 W-10 R-2.5 X15 W-10 R3.5
X22 W-10 R-3.0 M99

RESULT

Thus the program was written for performing canned cycle operation in the
CNC machine and simulated using Simulator Software.

58
THREADING AND GROOVING AND CHAMFERING.

WORK PIECE SIZE: ф 22 X 70

All dimensions are in mm

59
EX.NO: 18 THREADING AND GROOVING AND CHAMFERING

DATE:
AIM

To write a program to perform threading and grooving operations on the given

work piece and simulate the program.

ALGORITHM

1. Check the work piece for given dimensions.

2. Input in mm and feed rate are given.
3. Move the tool to the home position.
4. Change the tool for the required operation.
5. Spindle speed is given.
6. Close the door.
7. To make the step turning on the work piece for X5 Z-5 by using Grooving tool.
8. By using threading tool to form the thread on the given work piece upto 35mm.
9. Return the tool to the home position.
10. End the program.

PROGRAM

[BILLET X22 Z70

M39
G21 G98
G28 U0W0 X12 Z-2 R-1
M06 T1 G28 U0W0
M03 S1000 M06 T2
G00 X22 Z1 G01 X13 Z-38
G90 X22 Z-45 F40 G75 R1
X21 Z-45 G75 X7 W-2 F10 Q1000
X20 Z-45 G28 U0W0
X19 Z-45 M03 S400
X18 Z-45 M06 T4
X17 Z-45 G00 X13 Z1
X16 Z-45 G76 X13 Z1
X15 Z-45 G76 P031560 Q100 R0.1
X14 Z-45 G76 X9.853 Z-35 P1074 Q300
X13 Z-45 F1.75
X12 Z-45 G28 U0W0
G01 X13 Z1 M05 M30
G90 X12 Z-2 R-0.5

60
Syntax for Grooving

G75 R-
G75 X W F Q
R- Retraction
X- Required Diameter in mm
W- Remaining size of groove after first cut.
F- Feed
Q- Depth of cut in microns.

RESULT

Thus the program was written for performing the threading and grooving
operations in the CNC Machine.

61
DRILLING & TAPPING CYCLE

All Dimension are in mm

62
EX.NO: 19 DRILLING & TAPPING CYCLE
DATE:
AIM
To write a part program for the given work to perform a drilling and tapping operation on the
Workpiece by using CNC machine.

ALGORITHM
1. Check the work piece for given dimensions.
2. Input in mm and feed rate are given.
3. Move the tool to the home position
4. Change the tool to the required operation.
5. Spindle speed is given for based on operation.
6. Enter the key points to profile turning operation by entering the radius of the profile
7. Give the starting and end program number
8. Repeat the same operation for getting finished surface
9. Move the tool to home position
11. Stop the program
PROGRAM
[BILLET X25 Z70] M03 S250;
G21 G98; M08;
G28 U0W0; G00 Z2.7
M06 T02; X.0;
M03 S1000; S240 M03;
G00 X0 Z1; G84 Z-10 R.1 P500 F10.;
G74 R1; G80;
G74 X0 Z-20 Q500 F30; M09
G28 U0 W0; G28 U0 W0;
M05; M05;
M06 T05; M30;

RESULT

Thus the part program of the given work piece was written and simulated the program
and perform this operation using CNC machine.

63
LINEAR AND CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

BILLET SIZE: 100 X 100 X 10

DEPTH OF CUT: 1 mm
TOOL DIAMETER: 5 mm
All Dimension Are in mm

64
EX.NO: 20 CNC MILLING LINEAR AND CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION
DATE:

AIM

To write a program to perform given design on the work piece and simulate the
program.

ALGORITHM

1. Start the program.

2. Define the work piece.
3. Set the datum for the work piece.
4. Define the tool with dia of 5mm.
5. Set the unit in metric
6. Feed in mm/min
7. Move the tool in the position X = 22.5 and Y= 37.5
8. By using G03 command (Circular Interpolation in Antilock wise) to do
radius of 15 mm.
9. Move the tool in the position of X 22.5 and Y-37.5
10. Return the tool to the original position
11. End of the program.

PROGRAM

[BILLET X100
Y100 Z10 [
EDGEMOVE X-50
Y-50 [ TOOLDEF
T1D5
G21 G94 G01 X37.5 Y-22.5
G91 G28 Z0 G03 X22.5 Y-37.5 R15
M06 T1 G01 X0 Y-37.5
M03 S1000 G01 Z5
G90 G00 X0 Y-37.5 Z5 G01 X-15 Y0
G01 Z-2 G01 Z-2
G01 X-22.5 Y-37.5 G02 X15 Y0 R15
G03 X-37.5 Y-22.5 R15 G02 X-15 Y0 R15
G01 X-37.5 Y22.5 G00 Z5
G02 X-22.5 Y37.5 R15 G28 U0W0
G01 X22.5 Y37.5 M05 M30
G02 X37.5 Y22.5 R15

RESULT

Thus, the program was written for forming the given design and simulated using
software.

65
EX.NO: 21 DRILLING AND PECK DRILLING
DATE:

AIM

To write a part program for the given work piece to perform drilling and Peck drilling
operation and simulate program.

ALGORITHM

1. Check the work piece for given dimensions.

2. Input in mm and feed rate are given.
3. Give feed rate and dimensions in terms of mm/minute and metric
4. Give the spindle speed in terms of rpm
5. Move the tool in to the home position.
6. Change the tool for the required operation.
7. Spindle speed is given in rpm.
8. Close the door.
9. To perform drilling operation on the given work piece by using Φ8 drill,
change the tool and peck drilling operation on the given work piece.
10. Return the tool to the home position.
11. End of the program.

PROGRAM

[BILLET X100 Y100 Z10

[EDGEMOVE X– 50 Y-50
[TOOLDEF T1 D8 T1
D5
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0 Q.5 R0.5 K5 F50
G28 X0 Y0 G80
M06 T1 G91 G28 Z0
M03 S1500 G28 X0 Y0
G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z5 M06 T2
G83 G99 X0 Y20 Z-5 Q.5 R0.5 G90 G00 X-30 Y10 Z0
F50 G01 Z-1
X17.32 Y10 G01 X0 Y40
Y-10 G01 X30 Y10
X0 Y-20 G00 Z5
X-17.32 Y-10 G91 G28 Z0
Y10 G28 X0 Y0
G00 X-30 Y-30 M05 M30
G91 G99 G73 X10 Y0 Z-5 P100

RESULT

Thus the program was written for performing drilling and boring operation and
Simulated the program.

66
COMPONENT MODELLING AND SIMULATION FOR TURNING
USING CREO MANUFACTURING

67
 EX.NO: 22 COMPONENT MODELING AND GENERATION OF NC CODE
FOR TURNING
DATE:

AIM

To model and simulate the given turning process by using CREO Manufacturing software.

SPECIFICATION OF SYSTEM USED

Software: Creo 3.0

Hardware: RAM – 4 GB
HDD – 500 GB
OS – Windows 7

PROCEDURE

1. Creo 9.0 was opened and the page is set to the Drafting mode.
2. The component which is given in the diagram was created and a stock is generated for
the given component.
3. Now the screen is shifted in to the Manufacturing mode.
4. Then the turning tool was selected according to the requirement.
5. The home position for the tool as well as the tool travel path was determined.
6. Now the simulation was carried out using the simulation option.
7. By this one can view weather the given tool path is correct and safe.

RESULT

Thus the modeling and simulation of turning process was carried out.

68
COMPONENT MODELING AND GENERATION OF NC CODE FOR END
MILLING

69
EX.NO: 23 COMPONENT MODELING AND GENERATION OF NC
CODE FOR END MILLING
DATE:

AIM

To model and generate the NC code for end milling operations in the given piece by Creo-
Manufacturing software.

SPECIFICATION OF SYSTEM USED

Software: Creo 9.0

Hardware: RAM – 4 GB
HDD – 500 GB
OS – Windows 7

PROCEDURE

1. Creo- Manufacturing was opened and the page is set to drafting mode.
2. The component which is given in the diagrams was created and a stock is generated for
the given work piece.
3. Milling tool mode selected for manufacturing the component.
4. The facing tool is selected to face the top surface of component.
5. The product is selected for manufacturing the component.
6. The home position for the tool was selected and tool travel path is determined.
7. By varying part position the NC code generated to perform the given operations in
software.

RESULT

Thus, the model and generation of NC code for end milling was carried out using
Creo- Manufacturing software.

70
 CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS

3D MODELING, PART PROGRAMMING AND SIMULATION OF GIVEN

PUMP COMPONENT

AIM

To model, part programming and simulate the given pump component with the help of
software.

ALGORITHM

Initially Draw the model using 3D Modeling Software and

1. Start the program

2. Define the work piece

3. Set the datum for the work piece

4. Define the tool with dia 5mm

5. Set the limit in metric

6. Feed in mm/min

7. By using G01 (linear interpolation) command to form the sub program

8. By using M70 command to mirror the operation with respect to x-axis

9. Return the tool to the home position

10. End the program

RESULT

Thus the modeling, part programming and simulation of the given pump component is
done

71
3D MODELING, PART PROGRAMMING AND SIMULATION OF GIVEN
PUMP COMPONENT

72
Viva – Voce Question:
1. Explain about G codes?
G-code is the common name for the most widely used numerical control (NC)
programming language, which has many implementations. Used mainly in automation, it is
part of computer-aided engineering. G-code is sometimes called G programming language

2. Mention few important G codes?

G00 - Positioning at rapid speed; Mill and Lathe
G01 - Linear interpolation (machining a straight line); Mill and Lathe
G02 - Circular interpolation clockwise (machining arcs); Mill and Lathe
G03 - Circular interpolation, counter clockwise; Mill and Lathe
G20 - Inch units; Mill and Lathe
G21 - Metric units; Mill and Lathe

3. What is the use M codes?

A word used to signal an action from a miscellaneous group of commands. M codes
change cutting tools, turn on or turn off the coolant, spindle, or workpiece clamps, etc

4. Write about some important M codes?

M00 - Program stop; Mill and Lathe
M01 - Optional program stop; Lathe and Mill
M02 - Program end; Lathe and Mill
M05 - Spindle off; Lathe and Mill

5. What is the use of box facing cycle?

Fanuc G94 facing cycle is used for simple facing (one-pass facing) however multiple
passes are possible by specifying the Z-axis location of additional passes

6. What is the difference between G00 and G01codes?

G00 - Positioning at rapid speed; Mill and Lathe
G01 - Linear interpolation (machining a straight line); Mill and Lathe

7. How to change the tool in CNC program?

M06 - Tool change;

8. How to change the tool speed in cnc lathe?

M03 - Spindle on clockwise; Lathe and Mill
M04 - Spindle on counterclockwise; Lathe and Mill

9. What is the difference between absolute and incremental system?

Absolute positioning means that the tool locations are always defined in relation to the
zero point . incremental positioning means that the next tool location must be defined with
reference to the previous tool location.

73
10. What are the axes to be considered while writing program for cnc lathe?
X and Z Axis

11. Mention the major components of the CNC machine?

CNC machine tools comprise the following main components:
• machine tools whose tables are controlled in X and Y axes and spindles controlled
in Z axis.
• drive systems: drive motors, leading ball-screws and amplifier circuits.
• machine control units which read and decode part program instructions, generate
axis motions commands, receive feedback signals regarding the position and the
speed of each driven axis, etc.
• part programs that are a series of lines comprising the instructions needed to
machine the part.
• program input devices which help to input the part program within CNC control.
• feedback systems that measure the position of cutting tool at each moment by mean
of transducers of position and speed.

12. What is the code for Threading cycle?

G92

13. What is the code for Incremental and absolute co-ordinate system?
G90 and G91

14. What is the code for coolant control?

• M7 - turn mist coolant on.
• M8 - turn flood coolant on.
• M9 - turn all coolant off.

15. what is use of dry run option?

A dry run is a testing process where the effects of a possible failure are intentionally
mitigated

16. What is the diff between CAD & CADD?

CAD-computer aided design CADD-computer aided design and drafting

74
CAM Self Evaluation Questions :

S No Question Option
1 Cancel canned cycle G53 G63 G73 G80
2 Move in a straight line at rapids speed G00 G01 G02 G03
3 Clockwise circular arc at (F)eedrate G00 G01 G02 G03
Move in a straight line at last speed commanded by a
4 G00 G01 G02 G03
(F)eedrate
5 Counter-clockwise circular arc at (F)eedrate G00 G01 G02 G03
6 Exact stop check G04 G09 G10 G17
7 Dwell: Stop for a specified time G04 G09 G10 G17
8 Programmable parameter input G04 G09 G10 G17
9 Select X-Y plane G04 G09 G10 G17
10 Program coordinates are inches G20 G21 G27 G28
11 Program coordinates are mm G20 G21 G27 G28
12 Reference point return check G20 G21 G27 G28
13 Return to home position G20 G21 G27 G28
14 Drilling cycle with dwell G82 G84 G87 G94
15 Tapping cycle G82 G84 G87 G94
16 Back boring canned cycle G82 G84 G87 G94
17 Units per minute feed mode. Units in inches or mm. G82 G84 G87 G94
18 Units per revolution feed mode. Units in inches or mm. G95 G96 G97 G99
19 Cancel constant surface speed G95 G96 G97 G99
20 Constant surface speed G95 G96 G97 G99
21 Return to initial R plane after canned cycle G95 G96 G97 G99
22 Program Stop (non-optional) M00 M01 M02 M03
23 Optional Stop: Operator Selected to Enable M00 M01 M02 M03
24 End of Program M00 M01 M02 M03
25 Spindle ON (CW Rotation) M00 M01 M02 M03
26 Spindle Stop M04 M05 M06 M07
27 Spindle ON (CCW Rotation) M04 M05 M06 M07
28 Tool Change M04 M05 M06 M07
29 Coolant ON M04 M05 M06 M07
30 Coolant OFF M98 M99 M29 M08
31 Subprogram Call M98 M99 M29 M08
32 Return from Subprogram M98 M99 M29 M08
33 Rigid Tapping Mode on Fanuc Controls M98 M99 M29 M08

75