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Metals, NonMetals and Metalloids

The document discusses the classification of elements into metals, non-metals, and metalloids, highlighting their properties and characteristics. Metals are primarily solid, shiny, and good conductors, while non-metals can be gases or solids, are dull, and poor conductors. Metalloids exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals and are used in semiconductors.

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khadeane wilson
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66 views18 pages

Metals, NonMetals and Metalloids

The document discusses the classification of elements into metals, non-metals, and metalloids, highlighting their properties and characteristics. Metals are primarily solid, shiny, and good conductors, while non-metals can be gases or solids, are dull, and poor conductors. Metalloids exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals and are used in semiconductors.

Uploaded by

khadeane wilson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Metals, Non-Metals,

Metalloids
K.Wilson

Integrated Science. Chemistry


Grouped Elements Have Similarities
● Elements in the same group have similar properties. Remember,
groups are columns.
● Chemical Property - A property used to characterize materials
in reactions that change their identity. Ex: burning something.
● Physical Property - A characteristic of a substance that can be
observed without changing the substance into something else.
Ex: measuring something’s length, color, mass or volume.
The major categories
of elements are the
metals, non-metals,
and metalloids.
You may have noticed that the elements
in the periodic table have been
colour-coded. The metals have been
shaded blue, the non-metals are yellow
or pink and the metalloids are green.
The metalloids occur between the
metals and the non-metals.
Metals,Nonmetals and Metalloids
Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals. There
are six elements which are metalloids, namely, boron,
silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium.

Metalloids have certain properties of both metals and


non-metals. The physical appearance is metallic but
chemically they behave like non-metals.
Non-Metals
You may have also noticed that
there are 17 non-metal elements in
the periodic table, of which
12 are gases. All the other
non-metals are solids with the
exception of bromine which is a
liquid.
Bromine is a red, volatile liquid.
Properties of
Metals
Properties of Metals
★ Solids at room temperature (with the exception of mercury which is a
liquid).
★ Shiny and reflective (lustrous).
★ Good conductors of heat and electricity. They allow heat or electricity
to pass through, which makes them good for making pots and pans
and electrical wires.
★ High melting point.
★ They can be stretched into wires (ductile) and hammered into sheets
(malleable).
★ Some metals are magnetic, namely iron, cobalt and nickel.
Properties of
Metalloids
Properties of Metalloids
★ Solids at room temperature.
★ They have a lustrous appearance.
★ Neither ductile nor malleable.
★ Some metalloids such as silicon and germanium act as
conductors. They are often used to make
semiconductors for electronic devices.
Properties of
Non-Metals
Properties of Non-Metals
★ Solids or gases at room temperature with the
exception of bromine which is a liquid.
★ The solids are brittle and easily shatter when
hammered.
★ They are dull (not lustrous).
★ Non-conductors of heat and electricity.
★ Low melting and boiling points
Some of the metals that we use, such as steel and brass, are
alloys. This means that they are formed from mixtures of
different metals.
Note: Metals are also able to form compounds with
non-metals by giving the electrons on their outer shell to
the non-metal.

For example, some types of steel also have non-metals as


part of their alloy
This is because some nonmetals are outliers and
behave as if they are metals.
➢ Metals are expected to be shiny and non-metals dull. But Iodine is a
non-metal but it is shiny in appearance.

➢ Non-metals are usually poor conductors of electricity and have a


low melting point but the non-metal carbon, in the form of graphite, is
a good conductor and has a high melting point.

➢ Metals are usually solids with high melting points. However, there is
a metal which has such a low melting point that it is a liquid at normal
temperatures.

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