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Lit Lecture 1

The document discusses the growing interest in renewable energy driven by environmental concerns over fossil fuels, which are limited and highly polluting. It categorizes energy sources into non-renewable, renewable, and emerging alternatives, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. The greenhouse effect is explained, emphasizing the impact of greenhouse gases like CO2 on climate change and temperature balance.

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12 views6 pages

Lit Lecture 1

The document discusses the growing interest in renewable energy driven by environmental concerns over fossil fuels, which are limited and highly polluting. It categorizes energy sources into non-renewable, renewable, and emerging alternatives, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. The greenhouse effect is explained, emphasizing the impact of greenhouse gases like CO2 on climate change and temperature balance.

Uploaded by

honorlite50
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Renewable energy system

Introduction:

➢ Growing interest in renewable energy is driven by environmental concerns over fossil fuel
effects.

➢ Some scientists disagree on how much damage fossil fuels really cause.

➢ Fossil fuels are cheap and important for the economy, so switching to renewables is a big
debate.

➢ Renewable energy comes from the sun, either directly or indirectly, but all our energy
sources, even fossil fuels, can be traced back to solar energy.

➢ Everyday energy like wood, oil, gas, and coal is essentially stored solar energy collected and
transformed by natural processes.

➢ Climate change becomes a problem when we convert stored solar energy into usable forms
faster than it's naturally formed, mainly through greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2.

➢ Fossil fuel creation required period in the range of 1000- million years.

➢ Reservoirs of fossil fuel are limited.

➢ Renewable energy can now be defined as forms of solar energy that are available and
replenished in time scales no longer than human lifetimes.

➢ renewable energy creates little greenhouse gas emissions.

➢ The renewable energy option will allow to enhance climate change mitigation.

➢ Energy has been described as the capacity to do work.

➢ Fuels and energy sources use to heating, electricity generation, and Manufacturing …

❖ Energy resources fall into three main categories:


1- non-renewable, 2-renewable, 3- emerging alternatives
1. Non-Renewable Sources: Such as Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gases, Oil, and Nuclear
Energy.

❖ Characterized by:
• Limited and slowly formed energy resources.
• Also called "dirty" or "Conventional" sources due to environmental and health risks.
• Found in specific regions.
• Relatively less expensive for energy generation.

❖ Disadvantages:
▪ Highly polluting.

▪ Available only in a few places.

▪ High running cost.

▪ Limited supply

2- Renewable Sources: Such as wind, solar, biomass, …

❖ Characterized by:
• called "clean" or "non-conventional" sources due to minimal
environmental impacts.
•
• Energy available in unlimited amounts,
• available over a short period.
• Considered for large-scale use and found in every country.

❖ Disadvantages:
• "Unreasonable supply" means having more than what is considered fair or
sensible.
• Usually produced in small quantities.
• Often very difficult to store.
• The cost of energy for this particular type is higher when measured on a per
unit basis compared to other types of energy sources.

3- Alternate Emerging Energy Sources: such as Hydrogen energy, Fuel cells, Alcohol as
an energy source, nuclear power, and Energy plantation.

❖ Characterized by:
• These are alternatives to fossil fuels, producing minimal greenhouse gases.
• They differ from traditional sources like coal and oil.
• Not all alternatives are renewable; some, like nuclear power, use finite resources.
➢ Technology options

➢ Greenhouse Effect:

Green house means: Atmosphere traps solar radiation and limits surface infrared radiation to
maintain energy balance and higher temperatures.

• Greenhouse gases include: water vapor (1%), carbon dioxide (0.04%), methane (0.00018%),
nitrous oxides, and other trace gases.
• Effectiveness and residual time vary; methane is 20 times more effective than CO2 but has a
shorter residual time.

• Temperature and heat are deferent– heat is thermal energy, while temperature indicates potential
heat flow (always from high to low temperature).

Example on the GHG

The greenhouse effect is like when sunlight enters your closed car. The light gets absorbed, which
then radiates (infrared) at the corresponding temperature and the interior heats up. The windows
block the heat from escaping, creating a balance where the inside gets warmer. It's similar to how
Earth's atmosphere traps heat from the sun, keeping our planet warm.

• Carbon dioxide levels affect temperature balance.


• Venus, dense in CO2, has a scorching 467°C surface temperature.
• Mars, with a CO2-rich atmosphere, is cold due to lost atmosphere and lower gravity.
• There is an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to the increased
use of fossil

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