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36 views17 pagesUnit-2 RegularExpressions&Languages
The document discusses regular expressions and their properties, including operations and examples of languages that can be represented by them. It also covers the conversion of regular expressions to finite automata and includes various examples and proofs related to these concepts. Additionally, it addresses the pumping lemma and its application in proving whether a language is regular or not.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
36 views17 pagesUnit-2 RegularExpressions&Languages
The document discusses regular expressions and their properties, including operations and examples of languages that can be represented by them. It also covers the conversion of regular expressions to finite automata and includes various examples and proofs related to these concepts. Additionally, it addresses the pumping lemma and its application in proving whether a language is regular or not.
Uploaded by
rajatmaurya7906Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 17
Regular Expression : . : 22.
The Act G Alsings actepted by FA se pk Cuguage, Thr
Aepuler feape AP NAT, Ly cepe ft opae®
oi” ' 0”
® Camp Show thot POCRp ey rey
B a ar®
€
a7bP?
a LE
a7)
Cenvert into SFA ea
e a Sime ale % Slabs are tn frak
P Aeti pe eR
E ae
Heuer Porvect
Eraupe — Prove cy Aupreve the following exprersrou
(xn2") Panos)”
ENEA tor (tst)™
Or 6
&
xr
> é
3
ENEA +o DEA
€ chtuwe G 0 = oh
4 4 Vector}
” nm 2 2a 1.2%
Heute Proved ,
Example Pysve or disprove -the follosing RE
Oo (ees)” eptyc® Depron
© (es+eyes=(ee*s)* —y
® sles+s¥R = ee eceec 4
le eguivelue MFA Uk
Bh Basie properties & Regular Expression +
P+R=aR
de R= R b=
ER= RE=R
e*= ie
gts é
RHR=R
PQa+PR = P(AtR)
P+ RP = @rR)P
R¥R*. R™
RRs R*R
(ary =R™
E+RRY ER
> (PAP = Peary”
*
> (pray = (Pra®) = (P4 a")
(P*a = e+ CPrayve
Rove that (PAyP = Port”
Lus = (Pal*P
= (é,Pa, Para, rarara:)P
= (P, Par, PRPAP Paparar.-~)
= PLE, QP, BPQAP AParar..-
= Play
= RHS
P, Je
ve tha pkey. ¢ 4110)" +
F _ ae P
LHS = (P¥a) é € move 14 Zeunsved
f ) e
Q
pis = E+( POR Oh
irs
. Deas LHS 4 RES
Now Qnversion of ENFA to MA . ane Acme.
Pesure P
Q
Y u Example — Beye hat
6+ (ony Col) =
(Heo
lé *Coly*= R
Las = e+ RR™
= R®
= (Feo)
We raw dat (p¥ eX)”. Pare raft
f° Ls = Gy ott)*
Prove that
Buaunple | (+ 00*1)+ (14001) Cotto" lotto¥t) = 0%) Cot lo*1)
LHS = Ciro) [+ OHO*)* Cor D]
Lk CoFlo= R
= (oe) [e+ R*R]
= (400%!) R*
= sle+oo*)iR™
as
o*| _lorionny!
Ru
ant
Example: Tae OR Fale
iy (S42 7)" tine a8 Goth LHSR ems Contain E
iy (stte st Tone aS both LHS Z Ris dock nok lowlain &
fy ote CO Bue vas both Lic Lave tole ¢
Example: Find RE
a) the fab cy all Binge coding fn
(atey*b
b) Khe Bek of ald Abunge -evding in ba
(ary ba
WO Be dk Of alt Abings tui
neithes, in b nor wr ba
late)” aatate
A) “the Act oF all in ab
aaeat .
© the Ze of ald Ainge neithr in ab nor ba
Etath + aib)*Caatbb) SeeyPsPee
Example} Find the RE 25,
Ty Strings Containing exactly tivo o's
PMoltote
il) Sting Containing at dest two o's
*o1*o Cito)” OR (ot 0 Loo (04N)*
ill) Strings net encing in ol
(CoH) (00+ II-+ 10)
Pee
Example! (ontDuck NEA sith @ move fOr RE = olLCio*+ ily +O] 1
(enyert ik bo BEA
Goteny*to
62> 0
+O z
Gos)
(ea, 0 =e¢(A0
1b, 0 EO
2£C(%U 45%)
= Be yh
£(44,)
244%,
£64 44,
93 $647 %
Ish WG, fy Example | lendtiuck cua NFA Ae attepl Ahe faupuase, “api tented oy
a E¥C* Convert the NFA do DFA
Oo -Qe®
© Os
ele
VOU.
Uh
* ED
Saya. d= ec(1V4UP)= ECC) = dot — 61404 C= €(%0)
51 (aetndy, b) = €6(PUYOS) = ELAWI= We cae
!
6 Cah, a) = ec(Opo= hase
(uh ,b) = OCHO FI = KGr sifeuy oe
Maye (GOW 2 & Saye eeCAI> 26.
DEA tp Regular Expression
Thee ae two popular approaches for (oustuicling a RE fom PA
D Thangh Atak /foop elimination
D Aade's Teoem Ro Q+tRP > R=RP™
Stati/ Loop , yo ®
Ry “e =) Bb ® .. Ys b+ bia
°
& sai
A Gemorie one 2late machine }— eek :
Qe aa 6
bread ttCg
3,
A gerete tug wale Bd Unread fg
a ag ? al
eee ae fa) eR
OR
R, Ry + RGR
GOs
Me
RE = RRL R+RG RR) faders Theorem!
R= Qiep
R=BRe*
Re ge(arRoer
SAtQPa Rpm
= B+OP+ (QaRP) I
SATOH APM REX -
= QCe+P4 Py 9
Zar
Exauple
4. = 64+ 4b ta,
= GA GY = E+40 t%O
i= ue % =a) +4.) 44)
WW = HAT HOt WA*TUHA 4-40
Pur OR Ge in ay - 24 !+ 2! +4,01
: 4 = U1 t4,(It01)
Geet G45 + aba w= 41 (400
Ua Et a, (ab+ba) So y= qo4 auiltroiSog,
ee Ge € (abibad® Y= b+ % (04 1U401¥ 00)
hee (o4(101¥'00)
u= (2H Uit01F00)"
. Proved)
7
Re = (oe + ILit0t800) Eafaid
xy
Ny 0°
y oo} .
as e eee -—D = boty) —O
on my 4, = 14+ 4,04) —O
hese eee %= 41th
opm .
New y= T]p NANS (outx oR Old Y) G=€0 +H (or)
ap = lie) °R (oy) Tn=or alow) 3 a> alow
poe we ae & 9 Sloe He elFnloH) 5 9,210"
inpe 1% oO; e
New Y= old x 4, = olowd) + Modo
Nas y = © NAN(O OR ©) Pp: Hg.
a ° NAND O i
~ o
1@. 10 12 q Sete : '
SP pogo =o: b= Er ot U! -O
U= ert» —O
> Ga)t 4-42 —~@
4o = (€+4,1)0*
2
RE= Xo (Ie%t0e) (E+)
4,2 le, %e + It Geo
= 080 + 41 fo + G 149,00
% =0%o tq (lot tI te)
ry
qa ofo (ide tt 00) O
qs dro (Ie Ht00)” :
oa RE = vo Lio t1400)” (E40)
Ws ab braon d per
- . AB
Wwexyz 4-0") wee abetay,™
° ber .
(axe ty te me wy2e a ae t+
yyze @ Bok a! v * ¥
br | 3B
ree Babee. Pe we ght Beunple Consider he Drwsition _ Conert Ub fo eun equivelete
Pepalon exprensi Madeu's Hicorew .
i 1
A : Oo
fl 3 Eqa
Azé+Al+ar —O A= (E81) + A!
B= Aotce —® DAs Eran
c= BI — ©
qa
a B= (€+8NI% +0
3 :
eas - 6 ;
C= BI B= +e) lo+ Blo
C= ocir'o +1051 = Pot Bii*o+ Blo
Ava.
8 0 + BU +10)
S>B= > (IP +10)"
Bawnple: Find the ‘ ie wed by the FA
Popul. expression fet Airings Ne Cogrir
hoon, Uke Anal theses oy Abnig Pecan
“
4 = EtG 44,0000 —O
Ye eoty2 —O©
a= bl +yo —@
Eq)
qr Jaz E44! + Aol +42) Cow
Y= 42 + ole
4p = €4+4,(1+00+01) + Voll ot!)
aes (e+4, (to0+03]C 1 Lox)”
Foe (O40 + 4, [iraorasdIlo4n™
_ ¥
B= 424 104304 4, (Hood lonfo
4, = MonFo + 424 (w20r01) 1 (0F/%0]
4,< ion¥ o (2+ Creo+01)) Loris” Ramping Lemna fpr Regula Expression + 3
Pu Lemma 4iveg a net Grdition but not Aufgidenl Condition for
vpn a 7
Dan iupuk Adring 40 balou to a Agpullar sok, -
> 0 fompuaye 0 be Aepulen .
+ SO ik Aheuld not be Used +o estatbsh Hhot a geen Lauguape 4 Aepulos
Tt Abowd Ke used to eatableh Hut a given Lauguaye ix not Aepular-
Pumping Runs sor Abe pizeeubole prmeiple, luck Atle Hat ib » pigeous
ane placed into fee than m holes, seme toler Lave to have mor than
Ome F pigeon ta tt, — Ciwilaly, a absing a Length > Whey Becegrin
by a FA Wikbn Saka Will Zeo Aomt Stetis Acpealug
Lee L be @ RL and Me (@E8GeF) be a FA wikh n dtoke,
languape L ik alteped byl. Leb Wet and Jule n, then W
Gu be Wahlen og xyz, Where
ly)>o
W eg) Sm . i .
Ww) xyz EL fr Wize wea ea cet te ted
Pumping Leura Lhoude be applied os follows /
Stop. To provethat L fa not Acgubue, we proceed with atsuuuption trol L
te regula L kis cccepled by FA Uh my Atals
M2 Nes, we cheese a pining LO EL Auch sthet Judl sn
Note: Uohich Ud 40 Select 1 vous tinportant
Steps. > Tk Willen ag XYZ
tore D Dy) >0 ;
i) eylcn, * ei,
Now we will smd an t Auch thet xey'Z ¢L . This will Conhadut
ne sthat L is Popular & heute we Gr loudude thot
Lig nok . a
Note: Whidr Lo Select Z tmportant .
Grauples TS Lada | nz} Aaqubr? .
é: o&* iP meau it 1s Regular
° OBO
Erauaple: 3, Le ate”) om 20} nal /
% b é b ©
le UO Repl : Exeample Show hat tho bouguge L= £46 ic not Aegul . 28.
Supi: Lek us assume Ahat L is Aepule ad atepted by FA coibh n Atelin
Step + Lek UB Cheese a abing
Ws apn
[Wlean pn
Leb us wake wy as xyz wth Iz! 70 4 layla
Arce |xylgn Ao y miust be he form a”! r>o
At must be Ah the form a
Now ab" Can be umiltou a& xyZ
Br
a® a Pons be
xy z
SOP3. Lek us check whethr xy'z fer i =2 belowgs do L
xyz = ath an ttn
snanih a Where W>o
re mo G as are Peale than no Gb 40 aye ¢L
Hence by lombracbichion wee cour Any hak he given Paupeope 13 not /epula,
Erawple: Laing tacts Lemma for. Aepali fs, pasve thatthe Lapuape
if Sai 2 “1 ipo} é& not Acpubr .
Sapl, let us assume Phat Lis Aula ¢ Guu be adopted by FA with n Alalex
Slopr. Leb us choose a Abtinp
We are — here’ [wl =3n BN .
Lekus Write Weak xyz with Iylze 4 izyisn
Asrve Weyl Sn) y musk be Fite forum aX JATPO
’ Axon a4 ” a*®
Nao W= a" Gu by wrillen as Sah qgrs*,2n
ae
n xy z
SPB. Lotus check whetnes XYZ forica belongs to L
xyz = ahal¥ ar ey on
= ann,2n bo 170 Be 010 be ro olen be
Bo xv el alice
Heuce by (onbadiction, We Gu Sa Veu
Me 4 Aa at ihe gates lagage Frauple: Using Pumping Leuune for Axpuler Rots, Prove Ahak she Language.
Le {wu | w eloeP} is not*eputer.
4d. Let
Stop a ona ee Cau be accepted
Sir» Let us Choose a Absing
We ab ba? (wis 2nd Le. len
Let us wai w as xyz with Cowdition \y)r0 4 Inylsn
force (yIEn 1-2 Y must be oftle fom al 1a >0
fx nn ” a
w= ab ba” “Gu be Witten a8
aka a0 *™
Soy xy Zz
3 i é
Lek Us Check whether xy'z for Cor belongs to L
ya i
xe = at a> abet es at
- amr
= abba” heooxye €v
4 bance boy lontradiction We Gu Any that the given Laupsape is nek hep
Frample: Using PL prove that Lauguspe L= {Wu} 0 €Ca,b)"f ix not Aegis.
Stop, bet us aseume that Lik Repub £ Can be acteplod by FA coeth 1 Steles -
Step. Let Us Choose a woalwing
bie a" a re lw)sr2ner Fe [wi yn
Leb ur wale W a xyz With lowdition lyrpo 4 pylsn
Ance ieylsn, y musk be a He fem 2* ldo
Lon, on ” ad
VOW Can Bo
Ke wadien 88 At af a ath
Step. f
p: Lek us check whether yy!2 for for belongs tL
bba”
xyz Bare NAY
= @arFa' b ae
= ane
ab ab ie xvz2 ee
Pouce by pears We Cau Lay that the giver Cuapuage tx
Erawplt — Uding PL prove Ala L={ OV 0™" | myo dn vo} iinet neh Sagan
ij — suit
2; Lt us choose a 2DA Lowe os — usjz 2 (rem)
ott Leb oS We W as a Oe ties IyJro 8 yen
fone Yl SN, MIELE fom OF |7D0
a xyz = afer gre" 1m
Aya, Ut Us check yy'z joriz0 beloags tL
fan ire stat gh (MO
ae €L
Heute preved
je wign bok Example: using PL hws drat language L = {wie |W ECb5E by not a 24,
Stop:
Siz: we aMh ath ae lle 3n+3 be, jofyen
Let us Wake Was xyz Whee ly) >o & lzylsn
Ante \tylén, yp He must be gf fom al} r>0
eee, it a
W = Oba amy
hep: casp aPak® ah FH my arb
ps: Lek us chee xy'Zz for Poo blows tot
7 . ,
BYE ara Le ye di.
Grane! Using PL prove Lange L ={6 lm tt prime} id not Angele .
Stepd.
=e Let Us choose WW = ab Whee PK pomeno L p>n
le (Wap pe lozn oe
Let us wae Ww ae xyz — oth Coudition [y1 20 S1ZYIS 7
We Cau assume that Y= a” m>o
Sep, xylz ta be Uuillen a
bey] = byzle ty = pele
fer iz pt! /
be Leri-m = bEpm = (PHIM ie no prlmens,
Ie xy aL
a .
Bawpe; using PL prot Ahet Language 'L =fao }i>o} is nek Acpuler
StopL: Wet us assume thok the Given lareprope L 2 ropa Con be accept Gy FA '
2: bk us Chowse a Abring Om b Beker
“ We om — tadent be baipn Wek
Now fob U& wrile wd as xyz bith Coudelion lyizo & beylgn
Stops Lek us cheek yy'2 fort 0 Aolonps te L
tace Loz
- [xyzJ = bevel tly because YI7°
Ko ixve| > n>.
4 a because ocyleu AO len
heyz] 0
ont SS oF oy
ee
StepS Lek us check xy ger C70 belonpste L
¢ t 2
v¥e 2 oS ot ote"
iva
++
= pti ”
tuke f= NAY
* nite xr 1
é. w+ FP on’
ft = BMT ES 1
t + an
xyz =o" pee ged 2K
re xyz €b fo f= mee .
Nene by lentradiction We tan Bay that the itn lanpuaye doetenat ol
Brame ; Using PL parte that L = fap Fm anf is net Ajab
a
flee us chow a aig fom L w= aPb% gic tak presen 4 boot!
Leb us Wile W oA xyz woth (Oudddion lyJ70 4 MyI